LaTeX Basics

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LATEX Basics

Kristen Sauby, Rosana Zenil-Lopez, Gabriela Blohm

Department of BiologyUniversity of Florida

April 1, 2011

Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 1 / 29

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What is LATEX?

a programming language used to create attractive andconsistently formatted documents


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Why would you want to use LATEX?

consistent formatting

fancy fonts

make posters, presentations, and other types ofdocuments

automatic numbering of sections, figures, tables, andformulas

creation of a bibliography and index


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fancy fonts





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fancy fonts





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fancy fonts





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fancy fonts





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!"##$ %"##& '"##( )"##g

*"##+ ,"##- ."##g /"##g

D. Taraborelli !2008", The Beauty of LATEX

Some rights reserved. ##$%&$'(


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include, align, and number attractive mathematicalformulas

n!

k !(n − k)!=

(n

k

)(1)

limx→∞

exp(−x) = 0 (2)

Am,n =

a1,1 a1,2 · · · a1,na2,1 a2,2 · · · a2,n...

... . . . ...am,1 am,2 · · · am,n

(3)


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Embed R code and objects

> sample(100, 5)

[1] 85 79 82 62 73


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Embed R code and objects

> library(xtable)

> counts <- c(18, 17, 15, 20, 10, 20, 25, 13, 12)

> outcome <- gl(3, 1, 9)

> treatment <- gl(3, 3)

> print(xtable(data.frame(treatment, outcome, counts)))

treatment outcome counts1 1 1 18.002 1 2 17.003 1 3 15.004 2 1 20.005 2 2 10.006 2 3 20.007 3 1 25.008 3 2 13.009 3 3 12.00


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We’ll Work Through an Example Together

Go to latexlab.org or open the example .tex file on yourcomputer.

We’ll use this example document to understand better thestructure of LATEX documents.

In LATEX lab, select“split” (near the bottom left of thepage)

this lets us see the .tex document and the ouputdocument (the compiled document) in the samewindow.


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What types of documents can you make in LATEX?

Classes of LATEX documents include:

article

book

beamer (for presentations)

and more


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LATEX Document Structure

preamble (commands that affect the entire document)

top matter (title, date, authors, etc.)

the written document (abstract, sections, etc.)

appendices

table of contents

bibliography

comments (i.e., text that does not show up in thefinal document)


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appendices

table of contents

bibliography



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appendices

table of contents

bibliography



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appendices

table of contents

bibliography



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appendices

table of contents

bibliography



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appendices

table of contents

bibliography



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appendices

table of contents

bibliography



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Begin your document using the following command:\documentstyle[options]{class}

where options include such specifications as

font size

number of columns

paper size

and the class is the type of document that you want tomake


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Next list the packages to be used:\usepackage[options]{package}


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The preamble can also include:

title and author information

date

font specification

and more


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After completing the preamble begin the document:

\begin{document}

At the end of the document you must include thecommand:

\end{document}


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Compiling Your LATEX

Once you have the document set up, you can then addtext, figures, formulas, tables, etc. to the document.

When you are ready to create a PDF, you“compile” thedocument.

In LATEX lab, go to the“Compiler”drop-down menu andselect“Compile”.


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Types of Functions in LATEX

Ways to organize or include data:

verbatim

itemize

enumerate

figure

table

tabular

Try adding a bulleted list to the example .tex file.


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Types of Functions in LATEX

Ways to organize or include data:

verbatim

itemize

enumerate

figure

table

tabular

Try adding a bulleted list to the example .tex file.


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Types of Functions

You can also include comments (that don’t appear in thefinal, compiled document) by using the % symbol.

Anything after the % symbol will not be evaluated byLATEX when compiling the document.


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Including Math in LATEX

Note that our example .tex file includes\usepackage{amsmath} in the preamble.

This package lets us include mathematical formulas in ourLATEX document.


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Including Math in LATEX

The example .tex file includes this formula:\begin{align}E &= mcˆ2 \\m &= \frac{m 0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{vˆ2}{cˆ2}}}\end{align}The“align”command is specific to mathematical formulasand allows you to align the“=”symbol of multipleformulas.


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Using R and LATEX

Unfortunately, LATEX lab doesn’t support Sweave...


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Using R and LATEX

To include R objects/code in a LATEX document:

In the preamble include:

\usepackage{Sweave}

After \begin{document} include:

<<include Sweave options here>>=include R data here@

Save your file with the“.Rnw”extension instead of“.tex”


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Using R and LATEX



\usepackage{Sweave}





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Using R and LATEX



\usepackage{Sweave}





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Using R and LATEX


Execute the“.Rnw”fileI using your text editorI using R

This produces a“.tex”file which you can then compile


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Using R and LATEX

Example:

<<>>=sample(100,5)@

Will produce:

> sample(100, 5)

[1] 72 67 41 24 83


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Using R and LATEX

Use the function xtable from library xtable to includetables:<<Results=TEX>>=library(xtable)counts <- c(18,17,15,20,10,20,25,13,12)outcome <- gl(3,1,9)treatment <- gl(3,3)print(xtable(data.frame(treatment, outcome, counts)))@


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Using R and LATEX

Use the function xtable from library xtable to includetables


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Using R and LATEX

print(xtable(data.frame(treatment, outcome, counts)))produces this table:

treatment outcome counts

1 1 1 18.002 1 2 17.003 1 3 15.004 2 1 20.005 2 2 10.006 2 3 20.007 3 1 25.008 3 2 13.009 3 3 12.00


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Use as a Reference Manager

make a“.bib”file containing reference information

include \usepackage{cite} in your preamble

use commands such as \citep{your-ref-name} in thebody of your document where you want to include acitationinclude the following commands at the end of thedocument to compile the reference list:

I \bibliography{name-of-your-bib-file}I \bibliographystyle{name-of-ref-style}


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use commands such as \citep{your-ref-name} in thebody of your document where you want to include acitation

include the following commands at the end of thedocument to compile the reference list:



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Good Resources for LATEX

LATEX Wikibook

Online LATEX Equation Editor

Sweave User Manual

A Beamer Quickstart


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This is a very brief overview of LATEX but we hope that youhave learned something useful!

Questions?


Software

LaTeX Basics