Improving Coordination in Swiss OGD

Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences

Improving Coordination in Swiss OGD

Focus of the eCH-Group OGD

Reinhard Riedl, Alessia C. Neuroni and Beat Estermann

17.09.2013 Workshop OGD Standardization

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▶ E-Government Institute ¦ Bern University of Applied Sciences ¦ [email protected]


▶ eCH: E-Government Standards in Switzerland

▶ Coordination and Standards in the Field of Open Government Data

▶ Focus of the eCH-Group OGD

▶ Discussion

Agenda


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In the field of OGD Switzerland

▶ There is a weak coordination among federal levels and topic areas

▶ The added value is barely given – the reuse of public data is still weak

W can encourage the reuse of government data through

▶ More motivation for public administration

▶ Less fear through strategy & policy formulation

▶ More commitment through focus on the support of core tasks

▶ More coordination to achieve better vertical and horizontal integration

▶ Kickstarting the quadruple helix process, that is the collaboration of public

administration – industry – universities – civil society

▶ Setting adequate standards (finding process as dialogue, “the path is the

goal”)

Working Axioms (based on empirical investigation)


▶ Standards for internal affairs

▶ Gaining political support rests on four corner stones

▶ Clarifying what we are talking about

▶ Collecting and resolving concerns

▶ Defining the mind of the government through a strategy, or even

better a policy

▶ Providing tools for implementation

▶ Metadata Standards defining the fitness for open publication play a key

role

▶ They are a precondition for a policy formulation

▶ They serve as tools and they can be used by tools

▶ Standards for external and internal affairs

▶ Standards describing the context of the data make the reuse easier,

both outside and inside public administration

Two directions of standardization


Internal metadata standards

ongoing debate, based onhttp://www.eovernment.ch/dokumente/ogd/E-Gov-CH_OGD-Studie-2013_D.pdf

by Marianne Fraefel, Fabienne Kuhn, Alessia Neuroni, Marcel Schmid,

and Reinhard Riedl

http://www.egovernment.ch/dokumente/ogd/E-Gov-CH_OGD-Studie-2013_D.pdf











eCH: E-Government Standards

in Switzerland


Open Data Census (OKF 2013)

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▶ eCH Association promotes and adopts eGovernment standards in

Switzerland

▶ eCH facilitates electronic cooperation among authorities and between

authorities and private individuals, companies, organisations, and research

and teaching institutions by adopting and coordinating relevant standards

▶ eCH standards have the status of

recommendations. The use of these standards on federal, cantonal or on

Federal, cantonal or communal level can

be declared bindingly

▶ Triple helix: government (3 Federal levels),

industry and academy

eCH E-Government Standards


▶ A common standard documents a shared experience

▶ Through standardization: enabling win-win-situations, encouraging

cooperation, combining different subsystems and leading to new integrated

solutions

▶ Self regulation: standards emerge when enough people are willing to invest

time in order to develop something, that can not be achieved alone

▶ Added value: savings, data quality, time

(Spiess / Spichiger 2013: 52f.)

Moving forward together thanks to standards


▶ Are we working on the topics with a high standardization potential?

▶ Are we working on the topics with a high utility value?

▶ What need to be standardized?

Processes, Quality, Semantic, Formats,

presentations, interfaces, services

(Spichiger/Klein/Müller 2010)

Assessing the need for standardization

Criteria Weight

Potential use high

key prerequisite

character

High

Savings potential medium

time medium

SME promotion low

Fachliche Fähigkeiten

Management

Kernfähigkeiten mit Voraussetzungscharakter

Allgemeine Dienste

Technologie

Planung ControllingStrategie Leistungen QualitätUnternehmens

-ArchitekturProzesse

Analytik

Kernfähigkeiten

Arbeit Bauen BildungAussen-

beziehungen

KulturLand-

wirtschaftSicherheit Steuern

GesellschaftPolitische

Aktivitäten

Gesundheit

Gerichts-barkeit

Umwelt Wirtschaft

Mobilität

Einwohner Unternehmen Behörden Objekte TiereGeo-

informationenRechts-

sammlung

Finanzen Personal Beschaffung InformatikGeschäfts-abwicklung

Logistik

Userinterface

Computing Datenhaltung

Netzwerk

Immobilien


Coordination and Standards in the Field of

Open Government Data


▶ Myth 1: The publicizing of data will automatically yield benefits

▶ Myth 2: All information should be unrestrictedly publicized

▶ Myth 3: It is a matter of simply publishing public data

▶ Myth 4: Every constituent can make use of open data

▶ Myth 5: Open data will result in open government

(Janssen / Charalabidis / Zuiderwijk 2012: 264)

Myths of Open Data


▶ Horizontal and vertical coordination

▶ Coordination among different areas (e.g. geo, health, education)

▶ Dynamics of innovation: the quadruple helix

▶ Areas of activities (A): legal aspects regarding licensing, metadata, OGD-

publication process model and content cooperation (Parycek/Höchtl 2013:

80f.)

Coordination: the quadruple helix


Standardization in different phases of the process

(Zuiderwijk/ Janssen 2013: 42)

Creating

Data

Publishing

Data

Finding

DataUsing Data

Legislators / Regulatory environment

Data providers

Public units on federal, cantonal and communal levels

Data usersOther public units, Business, Academia, Civil Society

(incl. Media, NGOs, Associations)

The two speheres are added, they

respresent the orientations towards internal policy and towards reuse




▶ Through DIALOGUE / Stakeholder involvement

Enhance the dialogue by setting up working groups and fostering coordination;

identify shared needs and develop integrated solutions

▶ PRODUCTION AND USE SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

Involve data users in the creation, selection and publication of data

Involve data providers in the steps of finding and using data

▶ PROMOTION OF REUSE / BUILDING TRUST

Promote the reuse of OGD by addressing early enough in the process the

coordination challenges by standardization (incl. tools, directives)


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Need for Coordination Focus of Standardization Relevance for

Data Re-use

Avoiding fragmentation & duplication of work

Data model (description of objects, properties and

relationships)

Standard Information for data sets

Harmonized data selection and publication

Legal framework for publishing and reusing created

data

Responsibilities with regard to co-production (content

cooperation)

Open Data / Linked Data maturity

Declaring quality (of data, content and process)

Defining quality standards

Requirements regarding data sets and process

Timeliness & periodicity of data provision (with

regard to time-sensitive services)

Improving findability and data integration

Presenting data (human & machine readable)

Integration of distributed information (e.g. portals)

Commonly accepted methods for querying data

Internationally interoperable

metadata standards

(discovery, context and legal

metadata)

Declaration of data / content

quality as well as timeliness

and periodicity

APIs

Reduction of transaction costs to a

strict minimum

Guaranteeing a certain quality

level in the provision of services

Focus of the eCH-Group OGD – Creating & Publishing

Data


Need for Coordination Focus of

Standardization

Relevance for

Creating Data

Basic assumption: market

coordination for the presentation

layer

(integration does not need further

standardization if metadata /

declaration of quality / API OK)

Monitoring data reuse

Tracking usage, added value and

beneficiaries

(can influence choice of a business

model and the allocation of

resources)

Tracking and avoiding abuse;

enforcement of legal constraints

Assessment instruments: tools to

measure usage and usefulness;

indicator systems

Information regarding optimal

allocation of resources

Secure the funding for data

production

Protect the producers’ rights

Focus of the eCH-Group OGD – Finding & Using Data


The rest is noise (Alex Ross)?

NO, rather, the rest is knowledge transfer from public

administration to those, who reuse their data!

This implies: Standardization output is rather the add-on to,

respectively the surplus goody of knowledge transfer,

preferably in both directions!


Discussion

Feedbacks and experiences in other countries

D-A-CH-LI suggestions and best practices for the eCH-group OGD

Self Improvement

Improving Coordination in Swiss OGD