OGD, ICT and the Global eGovernance

of Migration

International movements of people are one of the greatest forces that shape and are shaped by global development

• Migrants Counts: 5 Steps Toward Better Migration Data

Human movement responds to and shapes environmental change; it responds to and shapes political change; it responds to and shapes the needs and lives of families— it is it is the human face of globalization the human face of globalization

• Migrants Counts: 5 Steps Toward Better Migration Data

Over the last 25 years, the total number of international migrants doubled... this growth trend will be amplified over the next 50 years.

By the middle of the 21st century, our societies will be more diverse than ever before. The global The global community will be connected in a community will be connected in a manner not experienced since our manner not experienced since our evolutionary origins in Africa.evolutionary origins in Africa.Ian Goldin, Geoffrey Cameron and Meera Balrajan “Execptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future” (Princeton U Press, 2011)

SUPPLY-SIDE FACTORSpersistent inter-country inequality and wage disparities

economic growth in the poorest countriesrural displacement and urbanization;rising education standards in developing countries

SUPPLY-SIDE FACTORS - contgrowing working age population in developing

countriesenvironmental stress

DEMAND SIDE FACTORSpopulation decline and population aginggrowing demand for low-skilled labornational competitiveness and mobile skilled

labor

With more people on the move than even before, new approaches to managing migration are needed in order to maximize its benefits.

The 20th century assumption that migration is strictly a national problem is no longer valid.

CURRENT STATE despite the inherently trans-boundary

nature of international migration & the interdependence of states’ migration policies, there is no formal multilateral institutional framework regulating states’ responses to international migration.

Alxander Betts “Global Migration Governance” GEG Working Paper 2008/43

Yet this is not to say that there is no global migration governance.

What exists is a complex and fragmented tapestry of overlapping, parallel and nested institutions.

global migration governance has two defining characteristics.

1) embedded regulated by areas of global

governance that are not explicitly labelled as ‘int'l migration’ which nonetheless regulate states’ responses to int'l migration.

global migration governance has two defining characteristics.

2) multi-level involving a range of institutions at the bilateral, regional, inter- regional, and informal networks of states and other actors.

CONSEQUENCEreinforces the centrality of power in the

int'l politics of migrationallowing relatively powerful states to

engage in forum-shoppingchoosing between different institutions

that selectively include and exclude partner states from cooperation on a pragmatic basis.

GOAL

An international organization to promote the sustainable expansion of migration through standard setting, advocacy, and pushing forward multilateral negotiations

– Exceptional People, p 282

INTERIM

Bilateral & regional arrangements for standard setting, advocacy, and pushing forward multilateral negotiations

Legislation at the national level to craft more enlightened policies

» Exceptional People, p 284

PRINCIPLES FOR GLOBAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE

1. Extend transnational rights2. Promote social and economic

advancement for migrants3. Widen the umbrella of legal

migration;

PRINCIPLES FOR GLOBAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE

4. Combat xenophobia & migrant abuse

5. improve data collection

» Execptional People

The data on international migration that countries now collect and publish are so limited... that we know much less about how much and what kind of migration is happening in today’s world than we know about international trade and investment flows.

» Migrants Count

CONSEQUENCE

The poor state of migration data has limited analysis of how to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs of migration for sending and receiving countries and, as a result, has stunted global understanding and domestic political discourse on a critical development issue .

5 Recommendations on Migration DataCommission on International Migration Data for Development Research and

Policy, March 2009

1. Ask basic census questions, & make the tabulated answers publicly available

2. Compile and release existing administrative data

3. Centralize Labor Force Surveys

5 Recommendations on Migration DataCommission on International Migration Data for Development Research and

Policy, March 2009

4. Provide access to microdata, not just tabulations

5. Include migration modules on more existing household surveys

OPEN DATAis non-personally identifiable data produced in the course of an organisation’s ordinary business, which has been released under an unrestricted licence (like the Open Government Licence).

• http://linkedgov.org/what-is-open-data/

OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA data and information produced or commissioned by government or government controlled entities that is free for anyone to use, re-use and re-distribute.

OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA Implies changing the default assumption regarding public information so that the prevailing norm is that the data available to the public is complete, rather than selective, and withholding information is the exception rather than the role

OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA necessitates shift from making information available in response to a specific request, known as 'reactive disclosure', to preemptively releasing information, commonly referred to as 'proactive disclosure'

OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA Requires more than accessibility in theory, but also in practice, measured by its usability.

DiscoverabilityData in forms that facilitates its use with minimum barriers – open file formats, machine readable files, etc.

OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA Central to Open Government Data is the idea that citizens should be able to use and reuse data through sharing it in its original form and/or create new forms with minimal limitations.

OPEN GOVERNMENT DATAN.B.The existence of machine-readable formats dictates the extent to which data can be manipulated used and reused

THE PROJECTSEMINAR ON OGD, ICT and GLOBAL eGOVERNANCE of MIGRATION●challenges faced by sending countries in adopting OGD on migration●role of ICT in bilateral, regional and global cooperation on migration

COUNTRY PAPERS

2 Asian countriesPhilippinesPakistan

2 African countriesNigeriaGhana

2 LA countriesMexicoPanama

POTENTIAL PARTNERS

International Organization for Migration

International Labor Organization