Presented by: Sara Hassan

Hypersensitivity type 1

Interleukins

Interleukins are immunomodulatory proteins

secreted by leucocytes, macrophages, dendritic

cells, B cells, T cells, neutrophils etc

Immunomodulatory functions - including cell

proliferation, maturation,migration,adhesion,

immune cell differentiation and pro- and anti-

inflammatory effects.

Examples are IL 1,IL-2, IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-9,IL-

10, IL-17 etc

Hypersensitivity Type 1

Hypersensitivity 1 or allergy is the Ig-E mediated

immediate excessive, undesirable reaction

produced by the normal immune system.

Allergic rhinitis , allergic asthma, eczema, food

allergies, otitis media, conjunctivitis.

The primary cellular component of allergy are

mast cells or basophils.

The reaction is amplified by neutrophils and

eosinophils.

Pathophysiology

EtiologyInhalation, ingestion, direct contact of allergen causes a Th2

immune response in genetically predisposed individuals.

House dust and dust mites

Feathers

Animal Dander

Grass, weed, pollen.

Molds

Tobacco smoke

Processed materials

Industrial chemicals

Latex

Saw dust

Food allergies

Symptoms and Manifestations

Coughing, non productive cough.

Nasal congestion and rhinnorea, sneezing.

Redness

Eyes have Itching, burning, redness, Appearance

of dark circles (allergic shiners)

Ears have itching, hear loss and fullness, otitis

media.

GI problems if allergen is food related.

Diagnostic tests

Skin prick tests.

Measurement of total IgE and specific Ig E

antibodies against the suspected allergens.

Detection of specific Ab and ILs by ELISA.

Rhinoscopy, presence of nasal of polyps.

Treatment Acute phase Antihistamines effectively block

histamine effects such as a runny nose and watery eyes.

Systemic agents used for asthma.

Leukotriene receptor antagonists Intranasal corticosteroids Reduce inflammation of nasal mucosa Prevent mediator release

Decongestants shrink nasal mucous membrane by vasoconstriction available in combination with antihistamines, pain relievers, and Anticholinergicagent inhibit mucous secretions, act as drying agents

Immunotherapy Administering subcutaneous injections of increasing amounts of an allergen to decrease sensitivity and reduce severity of symptoms

REFERENCES Brostoff, J., Scadding, G. K., Male, D., & Roitt, I. M. (1991).

Introduction toImmune Responses. In J.Brostoff, G. K. Scadding, D. Male, & I. M. Roitt(Eds.), Clinical Immunology ( New York: Gower Medical Publishing)

Gell, P. G. H. & Coombs, R. R. A. (1963). The classification of allergicreactions underlying disease. In R.R.A.Coombs& P. G. H. Gell (Eds.),Clinical Aspects of Immunology ( Blackwell Science)

Shamberger, R. (2008). Types of Food Allergy Testing. Townsend Letter,January, 71-72

Kuby immunology, Sixth edition

Yamasaki, S. & Saito, T. (2005). Regulation of mast cell activation throughFcepsilonRI. Chem.Immunol.Allergy, 87, 22-31