LAURA ESPERANZA VALENCIA ASPRILLAMOLECULAR BIOLOGY , FACULTY OF MEDICINE

MARCH 16/ 2015

Listeria outbreak from Bidart Bros. apples over – CDC

Food-Borne Pathogen Prevalent in Retail Delis

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INTRODUCTIONThis presentation is about a kind of methods used in molecular biology for detect errors in the DNA, like presence of polymorphisms, among other things that we could detect through an analysis or sequencing of DNA.Here we will talk about methods like PFGE and WGS and their applications in Listeriosis that is a diseases caused by a bacteria Listeria Monocytogenes.

1) Listeria outbreak from Bidart Bros. apples over – CDC

It was made an analysis of people that have Listeria and its percentage of death. CDC found through the environmental testing that Granny Smith and Gala apples has contaminations with Listeria Monocytogenes. The analysis PFGE and WGS was used to determinate and confirming that the patterns of people ill was the same of the Listeria monocytogenes. The analysis was made in people with a pregnancy and without pregnancy. Through the PFGE was identified two outbreak, and through the WGS they found two strains in each group (Pregnancy people and without pregnancy people).They found one person that is infected with both strains that the illness present similar time period and location and for this reason they investigated all together.

 

Date: February 15, 2015

The Listeria Monocytogenes is a bacteria that we found in wild and domestic animals also in water and ground. This bacteria produce diseases in animals, like spontaneous abort, in Humans this can cause from a skin lesion until a heart infection. The listeria can pass across the placenta and infect the fetus and this can provoker the death of the fetus at delivery.

Listeria Monocytogenes and Listeriosis

PFGE

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is a method used for separate large

fragment of DNA, through restriction enzymes , occur a shifting of

molecules by the weight of the fragment . This technique is different to the conventional electrophoresis,

because in this the voltage is periodically switched among three

directions.

Whole genome sequencing, is a process that determine the entire sequence of DNA in an organism. This method let establish the frequencies of tumor mutations.

WGS

PERSONAL OPINION

I think that we can prevent the diseases, if make a early analysis del DNA of the people, and of this way decreases the risk and avoid or erase completely the gene error that is causing this disease.

2) Food-Borne Pathogen Prevalent in Retail Delis

Date: Friday, February 13, 2015

Places like Delis are constantly visited by people, everyday and each hours; and the bacteria, virus, and mushrooms that we found in this places are infinity. In this investigation found Listeria Monocytogens bacteria in Retail Delis.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that the bacterium is behind 2500 listeriosis infections annually.

Among other complications such we can find bone marrow transplantation for cancer patients.

This study was developed through of phases. In the first phase was collect 7 samples of 15 Delis before they open doors in a moth. In the samples they found Listeria

Monocytogens bacteria.

In phase 2, they take samples of 28 food and

nonfood contact sites in 30 Delis during people here; and they find too Listeria

Monocytogens bacteria but in higher percentage.

Lack of cleaning and sanitation protocols.

PFGE Listeria Monocytogenes

I think that the lack of salubrity is one of the worst problem that we

have actually; and this is a method of Prevention of diseases. Applying

a goods methods of salubrity we could decrease in a huge

percentage the incidence of pathologies like Listeriosis.

IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY

We can see the importance of gene therapy, also is so important for identify all the pathologies that we are exposed constantly, and how they generate changes in the structure

of DNA.

Little changes in the DNA can generated huge problems in the Humans and this mutations could affected to the next

generations.

IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY  

Is important know about preventive medicine and public health, because is necessary that the people care themselves, the

diseases is everywhere; in this case we see how aliments that we considerer healthy can cause countless diseases.

IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 

Methods like PFGE are very important for the early detection of pathologies, and for identify individuals by characteristic of

their DNA (DNA typing).

IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY

REFERENCES• Martínez Sánchez, Lina María; Vargas Grisales, Natalia; Toro Montoya, Andrés

Eduardo; Pamplona Sierra, Ana Paulina; Queveda Orrego, Esteban. “Biología molecular”. 7. ed. Medellín, Colombia. Editorial Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 2014. pp: 135-155

• Thomas, James; Weber, David. Epidemiologic Method for the Study of Infectious Diseases. New York, EEUU. Oxford University Press, Inc. 2001. pp: 176

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing

• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/001380.htm

• Images retrieved from www.google.com, http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/35100.pdf