Upload
nadhifah-pratiwi
View
136
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
INTEGUMEN
TARY
SYSTEM
THE INTEGUMENT
Is the largest system of the body 16% of body weight, 1.5 to 2m2 in area, The integument is made up of two parts:
1. Cutaneous membranea. Epidermis– Superficial epitheliumb. Dermis – underlying CT with blood
supply2. Accessory structures
a. Hairb. Nailsc. Exocrine Glands
PROTECT ION First line of defense
against Bacteria Viruses
Protects underlying structures from Ultraviolet (UV)
radiation Dehydration
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULAT ION
If too hotDermal blood vessels dilateVessels carry more blood to surface so heat can escape
If too coldDermal blood vessels constrict
Prevents heat from escaping
Functions of the Integumentary
System
EXCRET ION Small amounts of
waste products are lost through perspiration
VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
Needed for calcium absorption
Functions of the Integumentary
System
SENSATION Sensory receptors
STRUCTU
RE OF S
KIN
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis or
subcutaneous layer
SKIN STRUCTURE : EPIDERMIS The Epidermis
Is a vascular stratified squamous epithelium Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the dermis
Cells of the Epidermis Keratinocytes
Arise from deepest layer of epidermis to stratum spinosum Produce keratin, antibodies and enzymes
Melanocytes Found in basal layer, manufacture and secrete pigment
Merkel cells Found in basal layer, attached to sensory nerve endings
Langerhans cells Found in stratum spinosum, part of immune system
macrophage-like
Structures of the Epidermis The five strata of keratinocytes in
thick skin From basal lamina to free surface
1. Stratum basale2. Stratum spinosum3. Stratum granulosum4. Stratum lucidum5. Stratum corneum
SKIN STRUCTURE : EPIDERMIS
SKIN STRUCTURE : DERMIS
Hair
Papillarylayer
Reticularlayer
Cutaneousplexus
Papillaryplexus
Epidermalridges
Dermalpapillae
Capillary loopof papillary
plexusDERMIS
SKIN STRUCTURE : DERMIS Second major layer of the skin Provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying
tissues Highly vascular and contains a variety of sensory receptors that provide
information about the external environment Has two layers
The papillary layer The reticular layer
Flexure lines - creases on palms
THE PAPILLARRY LAYER
• Underlies epidermis• Named for dermal papillae• Aerolar connective tissue• Supports, nourishes epidermis• Provides sensory nerves,
lymphatics, and capillaries
THE RETICULAR LAYER
• Tough, dense, fibrous layer• Dense irregular connective
tissue• Collagen fibers - limit stretch• Elastic fibers - provide flexibility• Blends into papillary layer
(above)• Blends into subcutaneous layer
(below)
The Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)Lies below the integumentStabilizes the skinAllows separate movement Made of elastic areolar and adipose tissuesConnected to the reticular layer of integument by connective
tissue fibers Deposits of Subcutaneous FatDistribution patterns determined by hormonesReduced by cosmetic liposuction (lipoplasty)
SKIN STRUCTURE : HYPODERMIS
STRUCTU
RE OF H
AIR
T H E H A I R F O L L I C L E
Hair follicles are the organs that form the hairs.
Located deep in dermis.Produces nonliving hairs. Wrapped in a dense connective
tissue sheath.Base is surrounded by sensory
nerves (root hair plexus). Control bacteria
A C C E SS O RY S T R U C T U R E S O F
H A I RArrector pili
Involuntary smooth muscle
Causes hairs to stand upProduces “goose bumps”
Sebaceous glands Lubricate the hair Exposed
shaftof hair
Sebaceousgland
ArrectorpilimuscleConnectivetissue sheath
Root hairplexus
R E G I O N S O F H A I RHair root
Lower part of the hairAttached to the
integumentHair shaft
Upper part of the hairNot attached to the
integument
Boundary betweenhair shaftandhair root
Hair shaft
SebaceousglandArrectorpili muscle
Hair root
Connectivetissue sheathHair bulbHair matrixHair papilla
HAIR FUNCTION
Head: UV protectionCushion from traumaInsulation
Nostrils, Ear canals, Eyelashes:Prevent entry of foreign material
Body Hair: Sensory detection
Root hair plexus:Sensory nerves at base of hair follicle that detect slight
movement of hairArrector pili muscle:
Attached to every hair follicleContract to stand hair perpendicular to skin surface
STRUCTU
RE AND
FUNCTIO
N OF NAILFree edge
of Nail
Body of Nail
Laternal Nail fold
Lunula
Eponychium (cuticle)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NAIL Nails
Protect fingers and toesMade of dead cells packed with keratin Metabolic disorders can change nail structure
Nail Production
Occurs in a deep epidermal fold near the bone called the nail root
Structure of a NailNail body
The visible portion of the nailCovers the nail bed
LunulaThe pale crescent at the base of the
nailSides of nails
Lie in lateral nail grooves Surrounded by lateral nail folds
A longitudinal section
EponychiumProximal nail fold
Nail root
Lunula Nail body
Epidermis Dermis Phalanx Hyponychium
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NAIL