HYDRO POWER PLANT &

SOLAR COOKER

1.What are conventional and non-conventional resources?2.What is hydro electricity? 3.What are hydro power plants?4.Basic working principles of a hydro power plant5.Advantages of hydro power plants 6.Examples of some famous hydro power plants7.What is solar energy?8.What is a solar cooker?9. Mechanism of a solar cooker

CONTENTS

WHAT ARE CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL RESOURCE?

• Conventional energy sources are typically fully developed, nonrenewable resources.• Their uses are practiced for a long time. • These resources are exhaustible in nature.• They cause environmental threats.

• For example: Coal, Petroleum, natural gas

• Non-conventional sources may be functional but are still undergoing development and use renewable resources.• Their uses are comparatively more recent.• These resources are generally non-exhaustible in nature.• They are environmental friendly.

For example:  Wind power, Tidal power, Ocean wave power

CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES

NON-CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES

• Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.•It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 20 percent of global electricity generation.•Hydroelectricity eliminates the flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion, including pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, dust, and mercury in the coal. Hydroelectricity also avoids the hazards of coal mining and the indirect health effects of coal emissions.

What is hydro-electricity?

Power plants are defined as the place where power is generated from a given source, so here the source is hydro and that’s why we called it a hydro power plant. •The different parts of a hydro power plant are: DamTurbineGeneratorTransmission lines

What are hydro power plants?

Hydropower plants harness water's energy and use simple mechanics to convert that energy into electricity. Hydropower plants are actually based on a rather simple concept -- water flowing through a dam turns a turbine, which turns a generator. The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation (there are not many hydroelectric plants in Kansas or Florida). The dam stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir. Near the bottom of the dam wall there is the water intake. Gravity causes it to fall through the penstock inside the dam. At the end of the penstock there is a turbine propeller, which is turned by the moving water. The shaft from the turbine goes up into the generator, which produces the power. Power lines are connected to the generator that carry electricity to your home and mine. The water continues past the propeller through the tailrace into the river past the dam."A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. A hydroelectric generator converts this mechanical energy into electricity. The operation of a generator is based on the principles discovered by Faraday. He found that when a magnet is moved past a conductor, it causes electricity to flow. In a large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating direct current through loops of wire wound around stacks of magnetic steel laminations. These are called field poles, and are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The rotor is attached to the turbine shaft, and rotates at a fixed speed. When the rotor turns, it causes the field poles (the electromagnets) to move past the conductors mounted in the stator. This, in turn, causes electricity to flow and a voltage to develop at the generator output terminals."There's another type of hydropower plant, called the pumped-storage plant. In a conventional hydropower plant, the water from the reservoir flows through the plant, exits and is carried down stream.

 

Basic Working Principles of a hydro- power plant

Pumped storage:Pumped storage is a method of keeping water in reserve for peak period power demands by pumping water that has already flowed through the turbines back up a storage pool above the powerplant at a time when customer demand for energy is low, such as during the middle of the night. The water is then allowed to flow back through the turbine-generators at times when demand is high and a heavy load is placed on the system.

ADVANTAGESHydropower is fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source, meaning it won't pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas. Hydroelectric power is a domestic source of energy, allowing each state to produce their own energy without being reliant on international fuel sources.

•Hydroelectricity promotes guaranteed energy and price stability•Hydroelectricity makes it feasible to utilize other renewable sources.•Hydroelectricity means clean and cheap energy for today and for tomorrow.

Examples of 10 famous hydro power plants in India:

1) Tehri Dam(Uttarakhand)2) Koyna hydroelectric dam (western ghats)3) Srisailam dam (andhra)4) Nathpa jhakri (himachal Pradesh)5) Sardar sarovar (Gujarat)6) Bhakra nangal dam (himachal Pradesh)7) Indra sagar dam (mp)8) Nagarjuna sagar dam (ap)9) Idukki dam(Kerala)10) Hirakud dam (odisha)

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. 

WHAT IS SOLAR ENERGY?

What is a solar cooker? A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurize food or drink. Many solar cookers currently in use are relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are as powerful or as expensive as traditional stoves, and advanced, large-scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people. Because they use no fuel and cost nothing to operate, many nonprofit organizations are promoting their use worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs (especially where monetary reciprocity is low) and air pollution, and to slow down the deforestation and desertification caused by gathering firewood for cooking. Solar cooking is a form of outdoor cooking and is often used in situations where minimal fuel consumption is important, or the danger of accidental fires is high, and the health and environmental consequences of alternatives are severe.Many types of solar cookers exist, including curved concentrator solar cookers, solar ovens, and panel cookers, among others.

Mechanism of a solar cooker• Solar cooking is done by means of the suns UV rays.• A solar cooker lets the UV light rays in and then converts them to

longer infrared light rays that cannot escape. Infrared radiation has the right energy to make the water, fat and protein molecules in food vibrate vigorously and heat up.

• It is not the sun’s heat that cooks the food, nor is it the outside ambient temperature, though this can somewhat affect the rate or time required to cook, but rather it is the suns rays that are converted to heat energy that cook the food; and this heat energy is then retained by the pot and the food by the means of a covering or lid. • There are three main types of solar cookers;1. Solar Panel cooker2. Solar Parabolic cooker3. Solar Box cooker

SOLAR BOX COOKER• This type of cooker uses a mirror, a glass sheet and a dark coloured cooking pot.• The mirror is used for reflecting the sun’s UV rays and concentrating them to a small region.• The glass sheet prevents the escape of heat just like a greenhouse.• The dark colour of the cooking pot helps in maximum absorption of heat.

Done By:1. Manaal Shams2. Karthika .S.S3. Ayushi Mohanty4. Sameeha Mehreen5. Shristi Dass