A selection of water-related applications of OpenMI Bernhard Becker (Bernhard.Becker@deltares.nl) Geert Prinsen Jan Talsma Quanduo Gao Neeltje Goorden

OpenMI connects different domains

1. Open channel flow – mechanical engineering

2. Open channel flow – real-time control

3. Surface – subsurface water interaction

Becker, B.; Dahm, R.; van Heeringen, K.-J.; Goorden, N.; Kramer, N.; Kooij, K.; Gooijer, J.; Jansen, J. (2012): Op zoek naar een optimaal ontwerp voor een groot uitwateringsgemaal in het Lauwersmeer. H2O 44 (13), 11–13.

Becker, B. P.; Schüttrumpf, H. (2010): An OpenMI module for the groundwater flow simulation programme Feflow. Journal of Hydroinformatics 13 (1), 1–13.

Schwanenberg, D.; Becker, B. P. .; Schruff, T. (2011): SOBEK-Grobmodell des staugeregelten Oberrheins. Report No. 1201242-000-ZWS-0014. Deltares.

OpenMI bridges institutional gaps

1. Technical exercise: external and iterative coupling with OpenMI

2. Water authorities Fryslân and Noorderzijlvest

3. Coupling of multiple open channel models

4. Nesting: large scale and detail models

Becker, B.; Talsma, J. (2013): On the external and iterative coupling of multiple open channel flow models with OpenMI. Revista de Ingeniería Innova 6, 51–66.

Becker, B.; Gao, Q. (2012): Koppelen Sobek-modellen “Wetterskip Fryslân” en “Waterschap Noorderzijlvest” via OpenMI. Report No. 1204514-000-ZWS-0007. Deltares, Delft.

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implicit (Sobek CMT)explicit (OpenMI) Becker, B. P. J.; Talsma, J.; Gao, Q.; Ruijgh, E. (2012): Coupling

of multiple channel flow models with OpenMI. in: Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Hydroinformatics; Hamburg, Germany.

Gao, Q.; Prinsen, G. F. (2014): Koppeling SOBEK-2 en SOBEK-3 voor het LSM via OpenMI. Deltares rapport No. 1209449-009-ZWS-0003. Deltares, Delft.

Open channel flow mechanical engineering

Design of a pump station for lake Lauwersmeer (the Netherlands)

- more extreme rainfall events and rising sea level expected

- drainage of polder areas must be facilitated with a pump station

Sobek

Open channel flow mechanical engineering

Water level (see and inland)

Power demand for pumps

Discharge sluices and pumps

Open channel flow real-time control

Control of the Oberrhein (upper Rhine) water system: Decision tree and open channel system

Sobek RTC-Tools Channel flow (Q, h) Water system state Control parameter Control parameter (crest level, turbine discharge)

Sobek: open channel flow RTC-Tools: human operations (control)

Open channel flow real-time control

Simulation period: 14 days

Inundation area groundwater Ilmoflood Feflow

head leakage flow flow

Two coupled simulations: Ilmoflood Feflow saturated Ilmoflood Feflow unsaturated

Surface – subsurface water interaction

OpenMI compliance of FEFLOW

Feflow (DHI Wasy GmbH): control via the interface manager and remote procedure calls

Becker & Schüttrumpf, JHydroInf, 2011

Challenge: Source code not available

Technical exercise: two Sobek models

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sub-model “channel west” sub-model “channel east“

input discharge output discharge

output water level input water level

Exchange of results and boundary conditions between multiple models

Request-reply-mechanism

The model component that asks first computes last. The model that asks gives the guess. The quantity which is computed first has the same value in both of the models.

Sobek EastSobek West

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External coupling (time-lagged coupling)

Position of the trigger impacts the result external coupling has a time lag

Iterative coupling

OpenMI compliant component “iteration controller”

Iterative coupling

Iterations increase accuracy by repeating data exchange per time step

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Iterative and external coupling: test case results

External coupling as accurate as iterative coupling, but more controllable and less computational expensive

coupling method (min) computing time ternally coupled (10) 30 s externally coupled (10) 27 s externally coupled (30) 14 s externally coupled (30) 12 s iteratively coupled (10) 192 s iteratively coupled (30) 50 s iteratively coupled (60) 43 s implicit solution 3 s

Water authorities Fryslân and Noorderzijlvest

Boezemmodellen Wetterskip Fryslân and Noorderzijlvest coupled at three connection points

One water system, two water authorities

Comparison at connection nodes

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Multiple open channel flow models

From 2 to 6 model coupled:

Multiple models: performance

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• Water level differences: less than 3 cm

• Discharge differences: less than 1 m3/s

• Computational effort of explicit coupling increases disproportionally with the number of sub-models

implementation of OpenMI standard into Sobek has high potential to increase performance (see next slide!)

Nesting: large-scale and detail models

National model Model Rijntakken

Model Maas

Nested models

Can we use OpenMI to compose a National model with the detail models?

- Models have different states of maintenance - Models have different grid refinement - Models use different versions of Sobek (Sobek 3 and Sobek 2)

Model areas overleap

Nested model: performance

Simulation time one year, time step 10 min: three models coupled via OpenMI: 33.0 hours one model: 30.5 hours Only 10 % more with OpenMI!

Conclusion

OpenMI connects different water domains: - Open channel flow - Mechanical engineering - Real-time control - Surface/subsurface water OpenMI facilitates the modelling of interaction processes

OpenMI connects model borders - Models are owned by different institutions - Models have different states of maintenance (including software

versions) - Models have different degree of grid refinement OpenMI gives flexibility on scales and maintenance