Human Life Processes(NatSci 122)

Reported by:Cruz, Clarisse C. Agustin, MoniqueManuel, Michael John Angelo T. Abergas, Ma. ConcepcionReyes, Arlyn

Manuel V. Gallego Foundation Colleges, Inc.General Education Department

Cabanatuan City

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Endocrine System

TOPICS

Skin System

Reproduction and Development

Muscular System• It is composed of

muscle tissues.• Muscle- Latin word mus, meaning mouse.

• Muscle Tissue- consists of groups of cells that are specialized for contraction.

Types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscles

• Generally attached to bones.

• Responsible for voluntary movement.

• Also known as Striated muscles.

Smooth Muscles

• It is usually not under voluntary control.

• Found in many internal organs and in the walls of many blood vessels.

Cardiac Muscles

• Can only found in the heart.

• They contract without direct stimulation by the nervous system.

Video Presentation

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproduction and Development

TOPICS

Skeletal System

• Bones and their associated tissues- cartilage, tendons, ligaments- make up the skeletal system.

Importance of Bones

• Support and shape the body.

• They protect the delicate internal organs of the body.

• They also provide a system of levers (rigid rods that can be moved about fixed point)

• Bones contain enormous reserves of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus.

Structure of Bones

Periosteum

• Tough membrane.• Blood vessels pass

through the periosteum, carrying oxygen and nutrients to the bone.

Haversian canals

• Network of tubes that contain blood vessels and nerves.

Compact Bone

• It is dense and similar in texture to ivory.

• It is far from being solid.

Spongy Bone

• Can be seen inside the layer of compact bone.

• It is not soft and spongy, but actually quite strong.

Osteocytes

• Deposit the calcium salts in bone or absorb them again.

• Responsible for bone growth.

Bone Marrow

• It is a soft tissue.• Two types of bone

marrow: yellow and red.

Development of Bones

Cartilage

• Connective tissue.• It does not contain

blood vessels.• Dense and fibrous,

can support weight.• Extremely flexible.

Newborn Baby

Age 18-20

Joints: Where Two Bones Meet

Joints

• Joints, or places where two bones come together, permit the bones to move without damaging each other.

Immovable Joints

• Often called fixed joints.

• Allow no movement between bones.

• Eg. Skull

Slightly Movable Joints

• These joints permit a small amount of movement.

• Eg. Tibia and fibula; Bones in the spinal column

Freely Movable Joints

• The ends of the bones are covered with a layer of cartilage that provides a smooth surface at the joint.

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproduction and Development

TOPICS

Endocrine System

• Other regulatory system.

• It is composed of glands that secrete their products, called hormones, into the bloodstream.

Glands

• Organ that produces a secretion, or a substance made inside a cell and released from that cell.

Endocrine Glands

• Only one group of glands that produce secretions.

• Release their secretions directly into the bloodstream.

Endocrine Glands

Thyroid Gland

• It produces a hormone called thyroxine, which is an amino acid to which four iodine atoms are attached.

Parathyroid Glands

• Secrete a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH).

• PTH regulates the calcium levels in the blood.

Adrenal Glands

• Pyramid-shaped structures that sit on top of the kidneys, one gland on each kidney.

Two parts of Adrenal GlandsADRENAL CORTEX• Outer part.• It produces corticosteroids

and aldosterone..

ADRENAL MEDULLA

• Inner part.• It produces adrenaline and

noradrenaline.

Reproductive Glands

Pancreas

• Most unusual gland.• Produces pancreatic

fluid, which leaves the pancreas by means of a duct and empties into the digestive system.

Pituitary Gland

• A bean-sized structure that dangles on a slender stalk of tissue at the base of the skull.

Two parts of Pituitary GlandPosterior Pituitary• Antidiuretic

hormone (ADH)• Oxytocin

Anterior Pituitary

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)• Luteinizing hormone (LH)• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)• Adrenocoticotrophic hormone (ACTH)• Somatotropin• Prolactin• Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

(MSH)

Hypothalamus

• It controls the secretions of the pituitary gland.

• Aside from pituitary gland. It is also a major area where the nervous system and the endocrine system interact.

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Endocrine System

TOPICS

Skin System

Skin System

• Provides protection for the external part of the body and must maintain its protective function for the protection and survival of the cells.

Reproduction and Development