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Plant Kingdom1 PLANTSCharacteristicsImportanceNeedsContributorsSystem of ClassificationMulticellular - Many cellsEukaryotic - With little organs perform specific task Plant CharacteristicsCell walls - Contain celluloseAutotrophic - Make food by photosynthesis using chlorophyll Plant CharacteristicsReproduce with spores and sex cells - Production of new plantPlant CharacteristicsHave cuticle - Keep plants from drying out

Worlds smallest flowering plant Watermeal or Wolffia globosa

General Sherman Tallest tree in world

Rafflesia Arnoldii Worlds largest flower

Worlds largest flowerAtropa Belladonna Worlds deadliest flowerImportance of PlantsAir

FoodShelterImportance of Plants

FibersMedicinesImportance of Plants

Food chainImportance of PlantsTimber

Importance of PlantsPrevent soil erosion

Reduced pollutionImportance of Plants

Basic Needs of PlantsTemperatureLight

WaterAirNutrientsRoom to growTheophrastus - Father of Botany- based on the shapes of leavesDioscorides Greek physicianaccording to their medicinal valueContributorsGaspard Bauhin - Swiss botanist- first to begin naming plants using two-part Latin namesCarolus Linnaeus Swedish botanistFather of modern TaxonomyContributorsJohn Ray - base on more detailed examination of plant parts and their hypothetical evolutionary relationship

ContributorsSystem of Classification2 Systems of Plant Classification 1. Natural system based on evolutionary relationships among plants

2. Artificial system base on:Size and Body Appearance

Trees woody perennial plants with a single stem or trunk

Shrubs plants with several stem arising at or near the ground

Herbs come with soft stem

Vines climbing plants

TreesHerbsShrubsVinesHabitat

Water Requirement

Xerophytes little amount of water

Mesophytes moderate amount of water

Hydrophytes abundant water

AquaticTerrestrialAerial

Life Span

Annual 1 growing seasonBiennial 2 yrs. complete life cyclePerrenials live for many yearsAbility to Manufacture Food

AutotrophicHeterotrophic

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTOF PLANTSPlant OriginStages in Plants LifePlant Reproduction Plant Classifications

Plant Origin

- Evolved from streptophyte algaeCharyophyceans (group of green algae) - Ancestors of green plantsSporophyte stage plants produce spores diploid (2n) Gametophyte stage haploid (n) plants produce sex cells 2 Stages in Plants Life Alternation of GenerationsPlant Reproductionproduces offspring by the fusion ofgametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents.Sexual ReproductionAsexual Reproductionproduces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the parent plants and each other, except when mutations occur.Plant Classificationfrom Latin word vasculum: duct also known as tracheophytesthose that have vascular tissues (tubes that transport water throughout the cell). higher plants, form a large group of plants that are defined as those land plants- plants without system (xylem and phloem)- must be completely connected to the groundDivisions of PlantVascularNon VascularTwo types of roots

- Taproot- FibrousPlant Classification4 Main GroupMosses (Bryophytes)Ferns (Pteridophytes)Conifers (Gymnosperms)Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)PlantVascularNon VascularGymnospermAngiospermFernsMossesMossesPlant Classificationsimplest plantsno roots, no vascular tissuehave rhizoids for anchorage

Fernsgrow chiefly in moist, wooded regionsreproduce by means of poresferns leaves called fronds are made up of many tiny leaflets and may be quite largePlant Classification

Plant ClassificationGymnosperm produce naked or uncovered seedsmust bear their seeds in conesdo not produce flower

Plant ClassificationAngiosperm - flowering plants- produce flowers and fruits- they produce seeds that are enclosed in a protective seed case

2 Divisions Monocotyledon (monocot) grow from seeds that contain a seed leaf called cotyledon Dicotyledon (dicot) have two cotyledons in their seedsSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PLANTSPlant CellPlant TissuesPlant OrgansPlant Hormones

Plant CellPlant TissueTissue is a group of cells that performs essentially the same function.Classification of Tissue in Plants:Meristematic Tissue have the ability to divide to form a new cell.

a. Apical meristem found at the tip of stems and roots - helps in cellular enlargement and shape of mature plant.b. Lateral meristem found at the sides of roots and stems. - increasing the width or diameter of stems and roots. c. Intercalary meristem found at the bases of young leaves and internodes. - for lengthening of stems and leavesPermanent Tissue mature cells lost their ability to divide.

Plant Tissue a. Simple tissue composed of similar types of cells with common function.

Sclerenchyma provide strength.

Collenchyma - controls the functions of young plants.Parenchyma for wound healing and regeneration of plants.

Phloem - they transports dissolved organic food materials (sugars) from the leaves to all parts of a plant. - also called as sugar-conducting cells.

Plant Tissueb. Complex tissue composed of 2 or more types of cells contribute to a common function.

Xylem for transporting water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to all parts of a plant. -- also called as water-conducting cells.

Movement of food through the stemPhloem includes :- Sieve tube- Companion cell- Phloem fiber- Phloem parenchyma

Movement of water through the stemXylem includes:- Vessels- Tracheids- Wood fibers

4 Main Plant OrgansPlant OrgansOrgan is a group of different tissues joined structurally and cooperating functionally to perform a composite task.StemRootsLeafFlowersPlant Hormones-promote stem elongation, inhibit growth of lateral buds

AUXINSCYTOKININSpromote cell division

Hormones chemicals that regulate plants growthPhototropism curving of the plant stem tip toward the light, a plant movementpromotes seed dormancy by inhibiting cell growth. - it is also involved in opening and closing of stomata as leaves wilt.is a gas produced by ripe fruits. is used to ripen crops at the same time.

ABSCISINSETHYLENEGIBBERELLINSpromote stem elongation.

References:

Concepts in biology 9th edition Enger/rossWorld Encyclopediawww.Wikipedia.comwww.slideshare.com