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© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc. 1 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter
Making environmental data meaningful
Arsonous Wildfire and Petroleum Forensics Case Studies -‐ Principles and Case Studies. Court Sandau, PhD, PChem Nov. 17, 2015 – Grande Prairie, Alberta
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Compounds in Petroleum Hydrocarbon Mixtures
2 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
How many compounds are in….
• The atmospheric aerosol from a coniferous forest?
• The vola-le frac-on of roasted coffee beans?
• CigareCe smoke?
• Crude oil?
• 50 compounds (Kallio, 2006)
• 1,000 compounds (Mondello, 2004)
• 6,000 compounds (van Mispelaar, 2005)
• 7,500-‐10,000 compounds (Dalluge, 2002) • 17,000+
Complexity of PHCs
3 3 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Normal PHC Measurements? (Compounds with guidelines)
• Benzene, toluene, ethyl-‐benzene, xylenes • Petroleum hydrocarbon frac-ons F1, F2, F3, and F4
• Polycyclic aroma-c hydrocarbons (PAHs)
4 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Complexity? Conventional GC Analysis
Unresolved Complex Matter
Nelson et al. Environmental Forensics, 7:33–44, 2006
5 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter
Straight chained alkanes PAHs
Biomarkers
The rest
5
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Specific Petroleum Biomarkers
• Adamantanes • Sesquiterpanes • Diamantanes • Steranes • Hopanes
Gasoline/Heavy Naphtha Kerosene/Jet A /Diesel 1
Diesel 2 / Fuel 2 Bunker C
Lube Oil
Alberta Institute of Agrologists - Grande Prairie Local Chapter 6
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Nelson et al. Environmental Forensics, 7:33–44, 2006
7 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter 7
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Middle East Crude Oil Investigation
Alkyl Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes
Alkyl Naphthalenes Alkyl Benzenes
Alkanes
8 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter 8
© 2015 Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Local Supply of Shell Diesel
9 Alberta Ins-tute of Agrologists -‐ Grande Prairie Local Chapter 9