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Presentation Salo, Finland. Urban Renewal Congres.
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19-5-2013 1
AREA DEVELOPMENTIN TIMES OF CRISIStour d’horizon
Utrecht School of the Arts HKU
Rene KOOYMANHKUMay 2013SaloFinland
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EUROPE IN TIMES OF CRISIS
Significant developments: Urbanisation From Industry to Knowledge Absence of growth ‘Old School’ no longer applies:
innovation Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of
strategic value The economical force of the Cultural and
Creative Industries (CCIs)
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CCIS AS KEY STRATEGIC FACTOR
CCIs drivers of economical growth (UNCTAD)
Drivers of innovation: driving innovative processes into realisation
CCIs at the core of cultural and industrial networks
CCIs and Technological change/digitisation two‐way process
CCIs spill‐over: Corporate Esthetics, Identity and Branding
Cultural and Creative Content as a relative autonomous, independent economical factor
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CCIS: THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DIMENSION
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CCI: SIZE ENTERPRISE
ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR:THE CREATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL VALUE
cultural fabric of the Creative Industry thrives on numerous small initiatives
high share of freelancers and very small companies
multiple job‐holdings; combined sources of income
new type of employer is emerging; the ‘entrepreneurial individual’
no longer fits into typical patterns of full-time professions (EU job potential)
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BUSINESS CATEGORIES
• Artisan – Designer driven by aesthetic motivation• Solo – Individual designer focused on growth• Creative Partnership – two creative people• Designer and Business Partner – One creative and
one business partner• Designer and Licensing Partner – Designer under
royalty contract• Designer and Manufacturer – Designer in
contractual agreement with manufacturer• Partnership with Investor – Designer in partnership
with a formal investor NESTA 2008
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SPATIAL COMPONENTS: METROPOLIS AND DECAY
From Industry to Knowledge
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THE URBAN DIMENSION
Territorial approach: zoning Diversified cultural environments (Jacobs)
Social integration/identification (‘belonging’) and distinction (Bourdieu/Florida)
Integrated approach: Physical: bricks and mortar Social: class, culture, demographics Infrastructure: networking
Conceptualisation /re-evaluation
Major Stakeholders in Urban Development
10
CommunityStakeholders
Cultural Organizations
Community Activist/
Volunteers
Resident Immigrant
Youth clubs/groups
Immigrant services
Community Media
Chamber of Commerce
Businesses
Municipality
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CITY POLICY & PLANNING PARADIGM
• Developed for and by the industrial economy• Separation of 'working' and 'living' through zoning
• Powers are restrictive, not permissive: 'you can’t', rather than 'you can'
• Professionalized: ‘planner knows best'• City is struggling under its own weight, unable to adapt quickly enough to changing global, social economic environment
• Verbal, rational/analytical, more than ‘understanding’
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URBANISATION: THE VALUES OF CITY-LIFE• Cultural and Economical Capital• Cultural Class• Identity and Branding• Demographics
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EU CURE PROJECT Creative Urban Renewal in Europe
(CURE) Aims to facilitate triggered growth of
the creative economy in decayed urban areas in medium-sized cities in Northwest-Europe
This will be done by developing and testing the innovative transnational model ‘Creative Zone Innovator’ to plan and to develop creative zones.
The project brings together 7 project partners in Germany, Belgium, France, the Netherlands and the UK.
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CREATIVE ZONE INNOVATOR
Creative Zone Innovator: integrated approach to urban, economic, cultural, social and entrepreneurial development
ABC: Area , Building, Creative entrepreneur
Four Dimensions:a. Learning Lab: learning environmentb. Cultural Value Chain: networked alliancesc. Flow of diversity: continuous new
impulsesd. Cultural Business Modeling
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CREATIVE ZONE INDICATORS
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HOW IS IT DONE: RADICAL REDEFINITION
Edinburgh:
Ice Store CCI
Outlet Job
creation Entrepreneurial and vocational training Revitalisation of a shopping-mall in decline
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REDEFINITION OF CULTURAL IDENTITY
Brugge (Belgium):
Vocational professionsas cultural heritage
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HAGEN DE
Textile factory:1822 - 1996
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METHODS
Radically re-interpret the area Define identity and profile Spread the word; Corporate
Communication Build support networks Take time More Dash than Cash Create a financial base
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INVESTING IN THE CREATIVE ECOSYSTEMThe creative ecosystem: arts and culture, nightlife, the music scene, restaurants, affordable spaces, lively neighbourhoods, spirituality, density, public spaces etc.
1. Strengthen creative assets and encourage collaboration
2. Continue revitalizing downtown areas as nodes of creativity
3. Develop an infrastructure that will improve the quality of life for residents and attract the creative class (hiking and cycling trails, festivals, development of cultural assets, ways to celebrate the waterfront etc. )
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CREATIVE ENTREPRENEURS’ PERSPECTIVE• Social capital: resources based on group
membership, relationships, networks of influence and support; clusters
• Economic capital: command over economic resources (cash, assets); based on entrepreneurial capabilities and support
• Cultural capital: forms of knowledge; skills; education and language skills
• The urban perspective: choose your position in the urban nomad chain ; use support functions
