Welcometo our presentation

on Poverty Relief initiatives

Presented By:Shuvo Roy

Third year studentDepartment of Anthropology

Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Access to Enterprise Zones

Geographic areasTaxes and regulation free areasAiming at stimulating business activityUsually runs in poverty stricken areasSynonymous to enterprise zones, free

trade zones, export zones etc.

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)

Consists of loansProvided by the International Monetary Fund

(IMF) and World Bank (WB)Runs in those areas that have experienced

economic crisisThe goal of SAPs is to reduce fiscal imbalances

of borrowing country in short and medium termAdjusting the economy to long term growth

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)

Established by the Social Security Act of 1935

Grant programProvides cash payments for needy

children who deprived of parental supportLater AFDC was retitled as Temporary

Assistance to needy family (TANF)

Asset Based Antipoverty programs

Established based on the argument that, income is a narrow measurement of economic resources

Implemented via cash programs (such as AFDC and so on)

Examples: Food Stamp Program, Public Housing etc.

Congressional Hunger Center (CHC)

A training organizationProvides leadership trainingLocated in Washington D.C.Maintains three major strategiesAims at fighting against hunger by

developing leadership worldwide.

Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)Federal Tax CreditWorking People who have low moderate

income are eligible for this programThe amount of EITC depends on

receiver’s income, marital status etc.Reduces poverty by encouraging the

people to work.

Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy

Economic growth can be regarded as most powerful strategy for poverty eradication

Poverty reduction strategies vary from country to country, region to region

The developing countries have nearly similar strategies for poverty reduction. Similarly, the developed or underdeveloped countries have the same category strategies.

Federal Targeted Training

The federal government of the United States Training project

Two typesOne is to make people skilled for jobs

while the other make them capable of working in more critical environment.

Food StampsHelps low income people to buy foods.In 1939, 1960, 1964 and contemporary

times federal government experimented itDuring 90s it took a reform through some

major changesThe changes followed the Personal

Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)

G-8 Africa Action Plan

In 2002, the G-8 leaders adopted the Africa Action Plan (AAP)

G-8 countries are France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada, Russia, The United Kingdom & The United States

Aiming at providing support for the new partnership for Africa’s development.

Great Society Programs

Great Society is a term by president Lyndon B. Johnson

Idea was outlined in a speech at the university of Michigan on May 22, 1964

Great Society demands the end of poverty and racial injustice

Head Start

Federally funded, U.S. pre-school education program

Began in 1965Goal is improving the school readiness of low

income or otherwise eligible at risk by providing early educational experiences, parental education and involvement, healthcare and screening.

Heifer ProjectPrivately funded relief agencyFounder: Ohio Farmer Dan WestProvides livestock and other domestic

animals to impoverished familiesIt works on the preconditions that, a poor

family will receive a female bovine if they donate the first female calf to another poor family.

Help the Aged

Older persons advocacy groupHave branches in Canada and Great BritainMission: Securing and protecting the rights of

the older people anywhere in the worldDoes research on issues related to older peopleFund is collected through fundraising drives

Housing Assistance

Provided to the poor and low income buyers Is a project of Housing Assistance corporation

(HAC)HAC’s mission is to help families buy homesThey also help new buyers to buy homes and

thus fulfil their dreamsThey also help people who have lost their home

by natural disasters

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Also known as LibyaA north African country, located on the coast of

Mediterranean sea700,000 square miles territory, most of the land

is uninhabitableEconomy is dependent on OilThe Mortality and Life Expectancy Rate of Libya

is much better.

Living Wage Campaign

Goal is to make sure that, the lowest paid workers earn enough to support their families.

Typically applied in those business who have government contracts from the local government agencies.

Low Income Cut-Offs (LICO)

Is a way to identify the low income peopleIs an income thresholdDifferently designed from most of the

Income Poverty LineIt is useful in the absence of official

poverty lines.

Means Tested Government Antipoverty Programs

Governmental effort to reduce povertyTargets only those people who are in

genuine needIt is one of the best designed antipoverty

programs in the USA

Medicaid

Medicaid in the United States is a program that pays for medical and health related services for certain individuals and family with low incomes and resources.

People aged over 65 and people who are disabled can be the beneficiary of this program.

Medicare

A social insurance programSingle largest health insurance in the USAdministrated by the federal government

of the United StatesFunded by payroll taxes, surtaxes,

premiums etc. from beneficiaries and general revenue

MicrocreditExtension of small loans to poor and vulnerable

groupsBeneficiaries are poverty stricken people

specially womenDesigned to encourage the production and

entrepreneurial activity of the marginal people.Grameen Bank added a new dimension to the

microcredit system.

Millennium Development Goals

Also known as MDGsAims at reducing poverty, hunger, disease,

illiteracy, environmental degradation, combating HIV/AIDS and discrimination against women by 2015.

Provides a sustainability to the development

Minimum Wage Indicates governmental intervention in the labor

marketSettled in a way that, both skilled and unskilled

workers can lead a better life.There is no universal fixed amount of minimum

wage.Recent studies confess that, it is not an useful

tool for poverty minimization

Pro-Poor Growth

Encouraged mainstream economists to analyze how changes in both growth and in equality affect poverty reduction

Pro-Poor Growth Index can be utilized to formulate Pro-Poor policies at micro and macro levels.

Rationing

Is the authoritative reallocation of scarce resources of goods and services

Ethics is regarded as a major part in Rationing

Occurs through the pricing of services and goods

Regulation

Needed when market can’t function properly

A set of commands implemented by the government or other authoritarian agencies

Creating standards regulations help avoiding in convenience to the society.

Rural Anti-Poverty Programs

Government policies taken for the eradication of poverty in rural areas

In this regard, government may work in joint venture with NGOs or independently run their business

Due to week structure of local government authorities, it couldn’t be succeeded

Social Assistance

Public financial aid given on the basis of need

Largely used in English speaking countries, Scandinavia and so on

Have not any universal fixed meaning

Supplemental Security income

Also known as SSIStructured in the light of Social Security Act of

1935SSI is a cash assistance program in USAConducted by the Social Security AdministrationRun by the general government revenues, has

no connection with social security payroll taxes.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

Also known as TANFStates can use their TANF funds in ways

designed to meet any of the four purposes set out in federal law.

A large number of immigrant children are ineligible for TANF

UNDP Regional Project for Overcoming Poverty

Administrated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

Designed for improving the living conditions of the poor

First applied in Latin America and Caribbean areas

Distinguishing feature is Combined Methods of Poverty Lines (PL)

Unemployment Insurance

An aid programPeople who lost their job involuntarily are

capable of this projectOnly formal jobholders can be the

beneficiary of this project but informal jobholders can’t be benefited from this program

United Nations development Program

Also known as UNDPEstablished in November, 1965Headquarter is at New York CityRunning work at 170 developing countries

through 130 regional officesHas a high priority mandate to fight

poverty

Urban Antipoverty Programs

Attempts to reduce a rapidly growing poverty in urban areas throughout the worldTarget people are slum dwellers and other low income people of any city

Wealth Tax

Is a variety of whole Taxation ProgramBased on all assets and income owned by individuals

Worker’s Compensation

Oldest type of compensationIt is so called “no fault” systemDesigned for the workers who received

injury due to the working environment condition

Most of the countries have some sort of Worker’s Compensation