Group Name:

JugnooMuhammad Fahad Saleem 1-FMS/BSAF/F15

Waseem Hassan 10-FMS/BSAF/F15

Topic:

JusticeCourse Name:

Principals of ManagementPresented to:

Yasir Kundi

International Islamic University Islamabad

Justice as a basic objective of Islam and a moral virtue and the standard of justice envisaged by the Quran.

The Meaning of Justice:

In the Islamic worldview, justice denotes “placing things in their rightful place”. It also means “giving others equal treatment”. In Islam, justice is also a moral virtue and an attribute of human personality, as it is in the Western tradition. Justice is close to equality in the sense that it creates a state of equilibrium in the distribution of rights and duties, but they are not identical.

“There are seven categories of people whom God will shelter under His shade on the Day when there will be no shade except His. [One is] the just leader.”(Saheeh Muslim)

Types of Justicein management context(Three types):

1-Distributive justice 2-Procedural justice3-Interactional justice

Distributive justice focuses on the fairness of organizational outcomes such as payment and promotion, while procedural justice stresses the fairness of the process by which the outcomes are achieved, that is, the fairness of mean sand procedures by which the decisions are made. The third construct, interactional justice, concerns the interpersonal treatment individuals are given during the implementation of procedures.

The Importance of Justice:

The Quran, the sacred scripture of Islam, considers justice to be a supreme virtue. It is a basic objective of Islam to the degree that it stands next in order of priority to belief in God’s exclusive right to worship (Tawheed) and the truth of Muhammad’s ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص Prophet hood. God declares in the Quran:“God commands justice and fair dealing...” (Quran 16:90)

Therefore, one may conclude that justice is an obligation of Islam and injustice is forbidden. The centrality of justice to the Quranic value system is displayed by the following verse:

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"We sent Our Messengers with clear signs and sent down with them the Book and the Measure in order to establish justice among the people…" (Quran 57:25)

Equality in Justice:

The Quranic standards of justice transcend considerations of race, religion, colour, and creed, as Muslims are commanded to be just to their friends and foes alike, and to be just at all levels, as the Quran puts it:

“ O you who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even if it be against yourselves, your parents, and your relatives, or whether it is against the rich or the poor...” (Quran 4:135)

Bright example of justice in Islam:

Umar (R.A), also spelled Omar (Umar ibn Al-Khattab (R.A), born c.583 CE – died 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior Sahaba of the Islamic prophet Muhammadملسو هيلع هللا ىلص. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Islamic jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes between right and wrong")

He was the one for whom the Holy Prophet Muhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص prayed for and said,

"May Allah bestow Islam with one Umar among two, either Umar Bin Hisham (Abu Jahl, father of the ignorant) or Umar Bin Khattab."

The Holy prophet Muhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said for him:

“If there were any prophet after me, he would be Umar". At another place Heملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said, "I have four ministers: two on earth, Abu Baker (R.A) and Umar (R.A); two in the heavens, Jibreel and Mekaeel (Alaihi Salaam).

Hazrat Umar (R.A) in Management context:

Islam has given a method to hold consultation among the Muslims for administrating their affairs of Govt. There is place and a very important one, for shura or counsel in the Quranicstate. Shura is one of the most important institutions of Islam and regarded as source of expression of public opinion.

What is SHURA?

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Shura is a body of representatives of Muslims community, who assemble for consultation with each other to reach on a decision for running the business of Govt.

 According to Quran:Following verses of Holy Quran shows the importance of Shura system.“And consult with them upon the conduct of affairs.”“The affairs of state are run by their mutual consultation.”

(II) According to Ahadiths:“Hazrat Abu Hurairah narrated the practice of the Holy ProphetMuhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص “I have not seen anybody who could excel the prophet in consultation from companinons.”

Hazrat Ayesha (R.A) says: “I have not seen a person consulting the people more than Holy Prophet Muhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص. If Abu Bakar (R.A) and Umar (R.A) got together on an opinion. He would not go against that.”

The government of Umar (R.A) was more or less a unitary government, where the sovereign political authority was the caliph. The empire of Umar was divided into provinces and some autonomous territories like in some regions Azerbaijan and Armenia that had accepted the suzerainty of the caliphate. The provinces were administered by the provincial governors or Wali, the selection of which was made personally by Umar, who was very fastidious in it. Provinces were further divided into districts; there were about 100 districts in the empire. Each district or main city was under the charge of a junior governor or Amir, usually appointed by Umar (R.A) himself, but occasionally they were also appointed by the provincial governor. Other officers at the provincial level were:

1. Katib, the Chief Secretary.2. Katib-ud-Diwan, the Military Secretary.3. Sahib-ul-Kharaj, the Revenue Collector.4. Sahib-ul-Ahdath, the Police chief.5. Sahib-Bait-ul-Mal, the Treasury Officer.6. Qadi, the Chief Judge.

Islam is a religion of justice. God has said:

“And act justly. Truly, God loves those who are just.” (Quran, 49:9)

Justice in management:

Administration of Justice if Islamic Manager implementing justice in society. People look upbeat system and because the system is survive though this justice is unpleasant for some bodies but for general public is pleasant and favourable. Imam

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Ali (A.S) considers people's rights a fair procedure and the task of governing and in this regard states.

References:

1. http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/376/justice-in-islam/ 2. http://www.islam-guide.com/ch3-12.htm 3. http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/15891429202611-2616%20%20HAMID%20SAREMI_2%20COMPOSED.pdf 4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

227429289_The_impact_of_organizational_justice_on_work_performance_Mediating_effects_of_organizational_commitment_and_leader-member_exchange

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