From BIM to iBIM - Dr. Jack CHENG Associate Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

From BIM to iBIM

Dr. Jack C.P. CHENG Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Director, RFID CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)

Chairman, Autodesk Industry Advisory Board (AIAB)

HKIBIM Annual Conference 201722 November 2017

From BIM to iBIM

I-BeamDr. Jack C.P. CHENG Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering




From BIM to iBIM – HKIBIM Annual Conference 2017 – Jack Cheng (HKUST)

Dr. Jack C.P. CHENG• Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)

• Research areas include BIM, 3D GIS, Internet of Things (IoTs), AR/VR, data mining, construction informatics and management, smart city, green buildings, and sustainable construction

• Received PhD from Stanford University

• Chairman, Autodesk Industry Advisory Board (AIAB)

• Director and Treasurer, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) HK Section

• Committee Member, Hong Kong Construction Industry Council BIM Committee

• Chair, Global Center for Excellence in Computing, ASCE Technical Council on Computing and Information Technology (TCCIT)

• Professional Member of HKIBIM, Founding Member of buildingSMART Hong Kong,Member of Association of Energy Engineers,Certified Carbon Auditor Professional, etc.

• Young BIMer of the Year 2014, awarded byHong Kong Construction Industry Council


What Are We Missing?• Virtual Design Construction (VDC) Scorecard

??


BIM Implementation

People

ProcessTechnology / Tools

Information

BIM:Information HubBIM is NOT

only about Technology

or Tools

Soldier

61950s

Construction Worker /Engineers

Current

WW2 (~1945) Current

Did We Make Use of

Technologies?


From CAD to BIM to iBIM

Hand Drawn

CAD

BIMClash detection

Generate drawingsQuantity takeoff

VisualizationEtc.

iBIM

Integrated BIM

Intelligent BIM

Information-rich BIM

Interoperable BIM

Information Hub

Future Impact and Likelihood of New Technologies in Construction


Integrated BIM…

Integrated BIM

Internet of Things (IoT)

Building Management

Systems (BMS)

Facility Management (FM) Systems

For FM, AM and O&M


Using BIM and Wireless Sensor Network for Building/Facility Life Cycle Management

Local Sensor information read by mobile on 3D Model layout portal

Sensors integrated with Bluetooth Mesh

Return sensor info

Local Facility Management

Remote Sites Monitoring and Control

BIM model with ACS-MEP attribute matching

Component DB

Knowledge-based BIM database

3D BIM Layout Info


Pilot Site – Hong Kong Film Archive• Environment Temperature: 0-4℃• Humidity: ~ 20-30% RH• Confined space• Strong acidic environment• Hard wire not possibleWireless Bluetooth Mesh

(Courtesy: EMSD)


User Interface


BIM with Sensors/RFID/IoT• Types of sensors

8.CO sensors

9.Smoke sensors④SafetyManagement

②HumanComfort

2.Humidity sensors3.Temperature sensors4.Sound sensors5.Light sensors6.CO2 sensors

①ComponentMonitoring1.Current sensors

③SpaceMonitoring 7.Occupancy sensors

1.

2. 3. 4.

6.5.

7.

8.

9.

(Cheng, Chen and Chen, 2016)


BIM with Sensors/RFID/IoT• BIM object families of sensors

A temperature sensor in bedroom A CO2 sensor in dining room A current sensor in the lift

An occupancy sensor in the tutor room Sensor tracking via ID in the Revit modelSmoke sensors on the ceiling of each room and corridor (Cheng, Chen and Chen, 2016)


BIM with Sensors/RFID/IoT• Integrate BIM and IoT technology to improve the operation efficiency of

building facilities considering building energy consumption as well as indoor human comfort.

Energy Consumption

Human Comfort Management

(Cheng, Chen and Chen, 2017)


BIM with Sensors/RFID/IoT• Revit Plug-in for Sensor Management

Plug-in interface (Cheng, Chen and Chen, 2016)


Integration of BIM and IoT Sensor Network

Real time data window

Sensor model

The condition monitoring and operation status of HVAC system

Operation state


Integration of BIM, BMS and FM System

BIM COBieBMS

FM Software

COBie framework is set up in Revit

COBie data is exported from Revit and aggregated through

construction

COBie data is imported to

CMMS/FM Software

Using Autodesk COBie Extension for Revit


Integration between FM System (Archibus) and BIM


Illustrative Scenario-HKUST library

(Cheng et al. 2016)

• Check maintenance work orders and broken components in BIM model


Integrated BIM…

Integrated BIM


Geographic Information

Systems(GIS)

Building Management

Systems (BMS)

Indoor Localization /

Positioning(Mobile)


Augmented Reality (AR) / Mixed Reality

(MR)

For FM, AM and O&M


Space

Natural Asset

Linear Structure

Structure

Building

Facility / Built

Theatre / World

Sub-SystemsSystem

Level

Site

Real Property Asset

Country

State / Province

County

Installation / Region

Node

Segment

Room

Space

System

Level

Sub-Systems

Room

Water / Sea

Land / Parcel

Underground

Air / Space

Geospatial Information (Geographic Information System)

Overlay

Overlay

Components

Components

City

Building information(Building Information Models)

BIM-GIS Integration • Macroscopic• Information hub of geospatial data

• Microscopic• Information hub of building component data


BIM-3D GIS Integration Framework

(Deng and Cheng 2016)


Comparison of Evolution Progresses of GIS, BIM and Integrated BIM-GIS

(Song, Tan, Cheng, et al. 2017)

Spatial-temporal analysis


Augmented Reality – Mobile Devices (Marker-based)

(Chen, Chen and Cheng, 2017)


Mixed Reality – Hololens (Marker-less)



AR Collaboration – Mobile Devices (Marker-less)

PC

Phone



Location-Aware BIM Framework• Idea of Wi-Fi fingerprinting

- As the existence of wireless access points (WAPs) have become prevalent, the propagation of different Wi-Fi signals forms unique “fingerprints” at different positions in an indoor area.

• Assumptions- Availability of multiple fixed WAPs indoor- Signal strength levels are steady at each particular point indoor

WAP 1

WAP 2 WAP 3

WAP 4

WAP 5


Location-Aware BIM Framework – Example

(Li, Chen, Chen and Cheng, 2017)


Integrated BIM…

Integrated BIM

Engineering Simulation

and Analyses 3D Printing

(Machinery)



Systems(GIS)

Building Management

Systems (BMS)Indoor

Localization / Positioning

(Mobile)


Laser Scanning

Drones (UAV)

Augmented Reality (AR) / Mixed Reality

(MR)

For FM, AM and O&M

For Design

For Construction Planning and Monitoring

For Fabrication


Integrated Building Design

Building Information Modelling

(BIM) Embodied carbon & construction materials

Structural design Energy simulation & operational carbon

Impact of external wind on indoor thermal environment Impact of external wind on indoor thermal environment

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

(Gan et al., 2017)


Green/Sustainable Building Design Optimization• Low carbon, energy efficiency, human comfort

RevitBIM Model

Energy Simulation Software (eQUEST)

gbXMLUnconditioned

0, 50, 100 and 150 mm

200 mm

Inside Face

Outside Face

ConcreteThermal Insulation

Consider different• Insulation options• Building configurations• Construction materials• Etc.

(Gan et al., 2017)


Integration of BIM Models and Structural Analysis

Automated Optimization + 3D Spatial Information = Automated Clash Resolution

Automated Construction Drawing Detailing

3D Arch BIM Structural Analysis Optimized Rebar Design

Detailing Drawings

(Cheng and Mangal, 2017)


Integration of BIM Models and Structural Analysis

Geometric, Loading and End-Support Information

Structural Analysis

Automated calculation of:1. Number of reinforcement

bars2. Diameter of reinforcement

bars3. Layout for reinforcement

detailing

BIM

mod

elSt

ruct

ural

Ana

lysi

s



Developed Plugin


• Use IFC as exported file


Automated Quality Assessment of Precast Bridge Decks

Rebar Positioning Quality

Surface Quality

Dimensional Quality

BIM


As-built BIM Model Reconstruction

• Approach: Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)– Challenge: complex geometries– Solution: IfcBooleanResult

(IfcBooleanResult)Resulting IFC model

Valid points

Mixed pixels

Background points

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

NoiseDBSCAN

Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN)


Automated Rebar Position Estimation Reinforced precast concrete panel with 44 rebars on each long side

38

Average difference from manual inspection: 0.8 mm Automatic and accurate extraction, recognition, and position

estimation of rebars on reinforced precast concrete elements

Over-segmentation

Outliers

Incomplete scanning


Scan-to-BIM for Structures

From BIM to iBIM – HKIBIM Annual Conference 2017 – Jack Cheng (HKUST) 40

– Find all points near the centerline within its radius (84mm) from the whole structure

X-Y

Scan-to-BIM for Structures


Site Environment Capturing Using UAV

(https://youtu.be/R7S1xXr3VMM)


Integrated BIM…

Integrated BIM

Engineering Simulation

and Analyses 3D Printing

(Machinery)

Internet of Things

(IoT)


Systems(GIS)

Building Management

Systems (BMS)Indoor

Localization / Positioning

(Mobile)


Laser Scanning

Drones (UAV)

Augmented Reality (AR)

/ Mixed Reality (MR)

For FM, AM and O&M

For Design

For Construction Planning and Monitoring

For Fabrication

Artificial IntelligenceBig Data

Computer Vision3D Printing

Etc.


Relationship Among iBIM

Integrated BIM

IntelligentBIM

Information-richBIM

InteroperableBIM

SupportsGenerates

Requires

iBIM


(a) Intelligent BIM – Parametric Modeling• BIM by default should be intelligent in the way that elements have

their own type-specific behaviors and are linked with logics.


(a) Intelligent BIM – Parametric Modeling and Generative Design

(https://youtu.be/FS5fJRsqC8U)


(a) Intelligent BIM – Parametric Modeling and Updating


(b) BIM-IoT for Indoor Human Comfort Monitoring and Control

The BIM model of New Sports Center at HKUST


(b) BIM-IoT for Indoor Human Comfort Monitoring and Control

Air Quality Grade Plugin in Revit


(b) BIM-IoT for Indoor Human Comfort Monitoring and ControlHKUST Sports Hall


(c) Intelligent BIM – Automated Maintenance Work Order SchedulingTasksnotation

EmergencyLevel

Location Type WorkingTime (min)

A FMO Office, Lift 15 5/FX Warehouse 5B I(high) Library G/F female toilet Water leakage 120C I Library LG3 Electric wire burnt 60D I Room 5619, Lift 31 5/F

WindowElectric wire burnt 60

E II Library LC Glass broken 45F II LT-A Light bulb burnt 15G II LT-D Light bulb burnt 15H III(low) Bridge Link Repair 20I III(low) UG Hall 2 Repair 20J III(low) Library Entrance Repair 20

Table : Campus Case Information

B

E C

AX

F

G

D

HI

J

Location of the sites Walking time (in minutes) between different locations in the example

Result: A B X C D X G F X E X J H ITotal time: 450


(d) Intelligent BIM – Automatic Generation of Fabrication Drawings

Fully Automatic



• Extraction of non-graphical information from BIM models

Non-graphical information in Revit



• Integration of graphical and non-graphical information using SolidWorks API

Auto-filling of non-graphical information from neutral database (E.g. Excel)

Material

(Deng, Singh and Cheng, 2017)



(Deng, Singh and Cheng, 2017)


(e) Intelligent BIM – Generate Machine Codes for Fabrication• Connecting between BIM models and fabrication machines• E.g. Generation of G-code program for CNC machines

%O10000G00 G90 G80 G28 G17 G20 G40 G49T01 M06G00 Z0.5 F70G00 X5 Y15 F70 ------- point 5

G01 Z-1 F50G01 X5 Y30 F50 -------- point 6

G01 X25 Y30 ------------ point 7

G01 X25 Y15 ------------ point 8

G01 X5 Y15 -------------- point 5

G00 Z0.5 F70G00 X0 Y0 F70 ------ point 1

M30%

a = 15, b = 20,

Xc =5, Yc = 15;

Depth of cutting = 1.00

Point 1 origin (0, 0)

Program name

Tool changeTool name

Linear Cut

Back to origin


(f) Intelligent BIM – Lean and SCM• Supply chain management & lean construction supported by BIM

(Sacks et al. 2014)


4D Modeling (3D + Time)5D Modeling (3D + Time + Cost)

6D Modeling (Sustainability)7D Modeling (Facility Management)8D Modeling (Safety)nD Modeling

(3) Information-rich BIM


(3) Information-rich BIM

(NBIMS 2011)

• Data Information Knowledge• Not every piece of information is

important• How to facilitate reuse of past

information?


(4) Interoperable BIM 2016 UK

(PAS 1192)


Example: Schematic Integration Between BIM and 3D GIS• Challenge: Need for mutual interoperability/compatibility

(Deng and Cheng, 2015)

Schema 1

Schema 2

Schema 3

Schema n

BIM Schemas

Schema 1

Schema 2

Schema 3

Schema m

GISSchemasm+n+1 mappings

IFC CityGML

….

….

1. Neutral 2. Commonly used3. Open schema

IFCRVTDXFFBXNWDPLNEtc.

KMLGML

CityGMLXMLSDFSHP

LandXMLEtc.


Mutual understanding of terminology


Interoperability Issue: Smart City Supported by BIMCommon Spatial Data Infrastructure

Which platform (e.g. BIM vs GIS)? Can the information still be read decades later? How to integrate data of different disciplines with

different terminology?

Data Fusion and Management


Interoperable BIM – Neutral File Standard??• Must we use neutral file formats like IFC or COBie?

• Ideally, maybe yes…• But depends on the scope and purposes:

– Across stakeholders in a project? Across software in a project? Across projects in an organization?

• And need to consider support of tools depending on applications• In a project, the main objective is to avoid unnecessary checking

and re-inputting data.

HVACieWALLieWsieEtc.


BIM Implementation

People

ProcessTechnology / Tools

Information


BIM: Integrating Multi-disciplinary and Full LifecycleEngineering

Analysis

Documentation

Fabrication

Construction 4D/5D

Construction Logistics

Operation and Maintenance

Renovation

Programming

Conceptual Design

Detailed Design

BIM

Architect

Structural Engineer

Mechanical / HVAC

Engineer

Electrical Engineer

Plumbing, Water Supply,

Sewerage EngineerFire Services

Engineer

Quantity Surveyors

Project Manager

Owner

Contractor

Challenges:- Different interests- Different applications

ProtocolsInfrastructuresGuidelinesStandardsEtc.


From CAD to BIM to iBIM

Hand Drawn

CAD

BIMClash detection

Generate drawingsQuantity takeoff

4D SimulationEtc.

iBIM

Integrated BIM

Intelligent BIM


Interoperable BIM


Purpose Driven BIMBIM: 3D digital representation is the basis, but NOT the END.

iBIMIntegrated BIM

Intelligent BIM


Interoperable BIM

Model

Digital representation

Process

TechnologyApproach

Tool

Is What?

To Do What?Virtually Construct

SimulateAnalyze

Predict

PlanCalculate

MonitorManage

VisualizeIdentify

Generate

CommunicateCollaborate

EvaluateVALUE

For What?

SustainabilityProductivity

ProfitSafetyReduced Rework

UnderstandingReduced Duration

Satisfaction

Decision Making


Acknowledgement

• I would like to acknowledge the support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC), Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF) and the collaborating parties.

• Thanks also go to the research group members who work hard at the behind.

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From BIM to iBIMTHANK YOU!

Dr. Jack C.P. CHENG Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering




Presentations & Public Speaking

From BIM to iBIM - Dr. Jack CHENG Associate Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology