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Biological constraints and evolu1on of language: a hypothesis on the exapta1on of human vocal structures Alessandra Falzone, Alessandra Anastasi, Antonino Pennisi Dept. of Cogni7ve Sciences University of Messina

Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

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Presentation - European Society of Human Evolution - Florence, 18-20 september 2014

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Page 1: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Biological  constraints  and  evolu1on  of  language:    a  hypothesis  on  the  exapta1on    

of  human  vocal  structures    

Alessandra  Falzone,  Alessandra  Anastasi,  Antonino  Pennisi    

Dept.  of  Cogni7ve  Sciences    University  of  Messina  

   

Page 2: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Biological evolution

Adaptation

Structure 1

Structure 2

Structure n

Exaptation

Structure 1

Function 1 Function 2 Function n

Cultural evolution

Function 1

Social adaptation

Function 2

Evolution of Sintax

Evolution of Semantics

Evolution of Pragmatics

Evolution of Linguistic function n.

Function n

Biological evolution

Adaptation

Structure 1

Biological constraints

Structure 2Social

Adaptation

Exaptation

Structure 1

Function 1 Function n

Evolution of Sintax

Evolution of Semantics

Evolution of Pragmatics

Evolution of Linguistic function n.

Page 3: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Possible  =  scolopendra  with  an  odd  number  of  pairs  of  feet  

scolopendra  

Impossible  =  scolopendra  with  an  even  number  of  pairs  of  feet  

Constraints:  What  are  they?    

Page 4: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Morphological    con7nuity  

Singing  primates  Gamba,  M.  (2014),  Human  speech  to  primate  vocaliza3ons  and  the  way  back,  (Codisco,  2013)  

   

Double  network  of  language  Pennisi,  A.  (2006),  Cogni3ve  sciences  of  language,  (Il  Mulino,  2006)  

Cogni7ve    species-­‐specificity  

Paleoanthropological  evidences  

Ethological    species-­‐specificity  

Auditory-­‐vocal  technology  Pennisi,  A.-­‐  Falzone,  A.  (2014),  Residuals  of  Intelligent  Design  in  contemporary  theories  about  language  nature  and  origins  (“HumanaMente”,  2014)  

Biological  constraints  of  language  

Page 5: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

SVT:  first  func1on  and  exapta1on  -­‐  Size  Body  Exaggera7on  Hyphotesis  (Fitch  2010);  

   -­‐  Protec7ng  the  breathing  apparatus    (Aiello  1996)  and  holding  of    intrathoracic  pressure  (“valvular    larynx”-­‐  Mithen  2006);    -­‐  Oral  adapta7ons  for  diving  and  swallowing    soU  and  slippery  foods    (Verhaegen  2013).  

Page 6: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Exapta1on  for  language:  peripheral  and  central  constraints  

Con7nuous  modula7on  of  formants  and  speech  segmenta7on  (Lieberman  Ph.  2006,  Gamba  2012);    Muscles  fibers  (slow  tonic  fiber  of  mylohioid  and  thyroaritenoid  muscles)  (Mu  et  al.  2004;  Sherwood  et  al.  2005)    Brain  fine  coordina7on  of  breath,  SVT  with  func7onal  aspects  (syntax,  seman7cs,  pragma7cs)  (Dele7s  et  al.  2014;  Espadaler  et  al.  2012;  Jurgens,  2002  )      

Page 7: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Exapta1on  for  language:  peripheral  and  central  constraints  

Page 8: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Exapta1on  for  language:  peripheral  and  central  constraints  

Page 9: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

Exapta1on  for  language:  peripheral  and  central  constraints  

Page 10: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

What  does  mean  being  speech-­‐ready  ?  

Page 11: Biological constraints and evolution of language: a hypothesis on the exaptation of human vo-cal structures

GRAZIE!