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Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant Director-General
Fisheries and Aquaculture DepartmentFood and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations
23rd ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS OF THE AFRICAN EXPORT-IMPORT BANK (AFREXIMBANK)
MAHE, SEYCHELLES , 20-22 JULY 2016
AFRICA’S NEW ECONOMY: INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE AND THE BLUE ECONOMY AS CATALYSTS FOR ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
Plenary Session: The Blue Economy or Economy in the Blues: Can Africa’s Seas and Oceans Transform the Continent?
What is the potential?
Where is the potential?
Why do we need to unlock the potential?
How do we unlock the potential?
What are the problems?
Marine and Fresh water
NASA Planet Earth Photo
About 72% of the Earth’s surface, with about 97 in oceans
BUT
Share of fishery products in total food supply
% 1998 2011
Calories 1.1 1.3
Proteins 6.0 6.7
795 million people estimated to be undernourished in 2014–16, down 100 million in the last decade.
The vast majority, 780 million, live in developing countries.
Hunger
Share of fish in animal protein
• >20% for more than 3 billion people
• >50% in many developing countries:
Cambodia (69%) Maldives (67%) Sierra Leone (65%) Gambia (57%) Bangladesh (56%) Indonesia (55%0 Sri Lanka(54%), Ghana (50%)
A source of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Important for optimal brain and neural system development in children (1000 day window!)
Lowers the risk of coronary heart disease related (CHD) mortality.
A daily intake of 250 mg of EPA and DHA per adult gives optimal protection against CHD.
At least two meals of fish a week!
9
Fish and Nutrition
Fisheries Important Employer Employment growth in FI + AQ higher than in traditional agriculture Millions of people are directly engaged in the fisheries sector Women represent half of those involved in the fisheries sector FI + AQ support the livelihoods of 10-12 % of the global population
Capture Fisheries
Marine Fresh
Aquaculture Marine Fresh
Brackish Finfish Bivalves Seaweed
Crustaceans
What are we achieving now?
What are we achieving now?Fish production and utilization
Fish production
(million tonnes live weight) Per capita fish supply (kg)
Excluding aquatic plants. 2014/2015: estimates/forecast
19501953
19561959
19621965
19681971
19741977
19801983
19861989
19921995
19982001
20042007
20102013
20160
30
60
90
120
150
180
0
4
8
12
16
20
24Non-food uses
Capture for human consumption
Aquaculture for human consumption
Per capita food fish supply
Excluding aquatic plants. 2015: estimate; 2016 forecast
What are we achieving now?Capture fisheries production
million tonnes live weight
Including aquatic plants
2014
Including aquatic plants
0
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000Inland watersMarine areas
Freshwater fishes11%
Diadromous fishes
2%
Marine fishes70%
Crustaceans7%
Molluscs8%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
1%Aquatic plants
1%
million tonnes live weight
Including aquatic plants
What are we achieving now?Aquaculture production
2014
Freshwater fishes42%
Diadromous fishes
5%Marine fishes
2%Crustaceans
7%
Molluscs16%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
1%
Aquatic plants27%
0
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
120000000
Brackishwater
Freshwater
Marine
Global Primary ProductionTotal Continental 115 billion tons a yearTotal Marine 55 billion tons a year
What is the potential?
Primary ProductionMean NPP (g/m^2/year) Total Continental 773Total Marine 152
What is the potential?
World Biomass/Standing StockTotal Continental 1837 billion tonsTotal Marine 3.9 billion tons
What is the potential?
We are only using a fraction of the Ocean Space and PP today.
1.What can we achieve with in the conventional?2. Can we use more of the PP?
3. Can we increase the PP?
Are there limits? Yes ( Technical, Environmental)
What are the limits? We don’t know
How do we unlock the potential?
FAO Blue Growth InitiativeAim: To contribute to the promotion of sustainable use and conservation of aquatic living resources
Four components:
Capture Fisheries
Aquaculture
Ecosystem services contributing to livelihoods, and
Trade/markets/post harvest and social support
Capture Fisheries:
Increase, Sunken Billions, CCRF, EAF. Biological management and conservation, business management, political/economic
management.
Contribution to Blue Growth :- 10 - 20 million
tons
- USD 50-100 billion annually
Capture fisheries are an important source of food, nutrition, employment and income for millions of people, particularly in remote rural areas
- Capture fisheries face serious challenges: Degraded environment and ecosystems Overexploited fish stocks IUU fishing Climate change and ocean acidification
• .
OECD-FAO Fish Model Projections (2025)
Source: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2013-15 average.Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red.
WB-FAO-IFPRI Fish to 2030 Projections
Source: World Bank Report on Fish to 2030 (Table 3.7). Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2006. Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red
Country/
region
Fish Demand (2030) Total
fish prod. (2012,
mil. tonne)
S-D gap2030
(col. 4 minus col. 3)
kg/cap.Total (mil. tonne
)
WORLD
29.1 261.2
156.5 -104.7
S.S. Africa
10.8 15.1
6.9 -8.2
L.A. & C.
12.2 18.3
14.8 -3.4
N. Africa
12.9 3.7
2.8 -0.8
Europe
27.3 23.4
16.0 -7.4
N. America
29.8 12.9
6.7 -6.1
Oceania
31.9 1.8
1.4 -0.3
Asia
37.0 186.3
107.8 -78.5
Future fish supply and demand projections
FAO/FI Fish Supply-Demand Gap Projections
Source: Estimation of FI/FAO (preliminary results)Main assumptions: 1) Per capita fish demand affected by income growth. 2) Fish price unchanged. 3) Preference over fish unchanged
JapanChina
Australia and New ZealandNorth America
Asia and Oceania dev.ingEurope
Northern AfricaLatin America & Caribbean
Sub-Saharan AfricaIndia
WORLD
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
49.147.2
31.724.3
26.422.2
16.712.2
9.16.7
21.8
2025Average 2013-15
Aquaculture:
GAAP, EAA, biological management and conservation (incl. bio-security), business management, planning and regulatory
implementationContribution toBlue Growth:
• 50-100 million tonnes a year
Trade/markets/post harvest and social support:
Waste reduction, non-food v. food utilization, customs tariff issues, most traded, social complexities in Small Scale Fisheries.
Contribution to Blue growth:
• From non-food: 10 million tonnes • From waste
food: 15 million tonnes
Other or “novel” ecosystem services:
Mangroves, storm/wave bulwarks, sea-grass carbon sequestration and UN-REDD, greater symbiosis with crops (rice etc./fish production, fertilizer/pesticide
runoffs), tourism (nature, culinary, culture), salt beds, algae and phytoplankton primary production.
Contribution to Blue Growth: The sky’s the limit !!!
…”in cod we trust”…..but
Source: Statistics Iceland
1981: catch of 460 th.tn
1984 quota system
2008: catch of 151 th.tn.
263 thousand.tn: average catch 1945-20142014:catch of 238 th.tn.
Implementation of research outcomes creates impact
State of World Marine Fish Stocks
Pathways
SCIENCE
INFORMATION
POLICY
PROJECTS
SCALING UP INVESTMENTS
Global Policy and Trade Session: Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challenges, 1st March 2016, Bergen, Norwayhttp://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/global-policy-and-trade-session-outlook-for-world-seafood-trade-2030-prospects-and-challenges
Combatting IUU Fishing through the implementation of the Port State Measures Agreement and other instruments , 15 th February 2016, London, United Kingdomhttp://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/combatting-iuu-fishing-through-the-implementation-of-the-port-state-measures-agreement-and-other-instruments
Celebrating 20 Years of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries 153rd Session FAO Council , Rome, 30 November - 4 December 2015 http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/celebrating-20-years-of-the-code-of-conduct-for-responsible-fisheries-presentation-under-fao-council-153rd-session-rome-30-november-4-december-2015
International Trade in Fish and Fish Production“Foro Económico de Pesca y Acuacultura 2015”Mexico City 26-27 November 2015http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/international-trade-in-fish-and-fish-production
Workshop on the Climate Change’s Impact, Boracay Islands, Philippines 9th May 2015:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ-fS2TZX_Y
Blue bio-economy - unlocking the potential of seas and oceans, International Conference Growth in Blue Bio-economy, FAROE ISL ANDS • 2-3 JUNE 2015http://www.slideshare.net/rniMatthiasMathiesen/blue-bio-economy-unlocking-the-potential-of-seas-and-oceans
Outlook for Fish Trade 2030, 10th North Atlantic Seafood Conference, Bergen, 4-5 March 2015http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/outlook-for-fish-trade-2030-10th-north-atlantic-seafood-conference-bergen-45-march-2015?ref=http://www.fao.org/fishery/DirectorsMedia/en
Future Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture and their contribution to preserving food security, Lima, Peru, 24 February 2015Future Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture and their contribution to preserving food security - YouTube
Presentations
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