The Canary Islands: World Laboratory for WATER and ENERGY Technologies

The Canary Islands:The Canary Islands:World Laboratory for WATER and ENERGY World Laboratory for WATER and ENERGY TechnologiesTechnologies

Case Study: El Hierro

Gonzalo Piernavieja IzquierdoR&D&I DirectorR&D&I DirectorCanary Islands Institute of Technology - Canary Islands Institute of Technology - ITCITC

Energy and Water FrameworkEnergy and Water FrameworkThe Canary Islands (Spain)The Canary Islands (Spain)The Canary Islands (Spain)The Canary Islands (Spain)

2 mill. inhabitants, 10-12 mill. tourists/year2 mill. inhabitants, 10-12 mill. tourists/year Total energy dependence on external resourcesTotal energy dependence on external resources Electricity generation from fossil fuels (oil); low heat demandElectricity generation from fossil fuels (oil); low heat demand Isolated (insular) electrical systemsIsolated (insular) electrical systems Lack of water resources (extremely low rainfall)Lack of water resources (extremely low rainfall) Insular dimension: strategic need to maximise the use of Insular dimension: strategic need to maximise the use of endogenous resources (energy+water for self-sufficiency) endogenous resources (energy+water for self-sufficiency) -> Importance of water-energy binomial (desalination)-> Importance of water-energy binomial (desalination)

2 mill. inhabitants, 10-12 mill. tourists/year2 mill. inhabitants, 10-12 mill. tourists/year Total energy dependence on external resourcesTotal energy dependence on external resources Electricity generation from fossil fuels (oil); low heat demandElectricity generation from fossil fuels (oil); low heat demand Isolated (insular) electrical systemsIsolated (insular) electrical systems Lack of water resources (extremely low rainfall)Lack of water resources (extremely low rainfall) Insular dimension: strategic need to maximise the use of Insular dimension: strategic need to maximise the use of endogenous resources (energy+water for self-sufficiency) endogenous resources (energy+water for self-sufficiency) -> Importance of water-energy binomial (desalination)-> Importance of water-energy binomial (desalination)

Historically, the Canary Islands have suffered water scarcity associated to: low rainfall, high permeability of soils, over-exploitation of aquifer resources

The Canary Islands Water Resources

Conventional solutions applied: Groundwater catchment by horizontal water

tunnels (“galerías”) and vertical wells Rainwater catchment and storage Construction and waterproofing of reservoirs Efficient use of water

The first European seawater desalination plant was installed in Lanzarote island (1964)

Currently, freshwater total demand is 200 hm3/year (more than 650,000 m³/day installed, approx. 2% world capacity)

All desalination technologies installed (VC, MED, MSF, OI, EDR, SOLAR STILLS…..)

Canary Islands (non conventional) water resources (1)

Seawater

Brackishwater

430,000 m³/d

150,000 m³/d

167 plants

146 plants

Reclaimedwastewater

66,000 m³/d 12 plants

PRODUCTION CAPACITIES

Desalinated freshwater – European reference

Reclaimed wastewater

Irrigation

GolfPublic gardens

10.40 hm³/y

15.19 hm³/y

41 %

59 %

DEMAND

Goal: to balance the hydric deficit of the islands and to promote a sustainable management of natural resources

15 years experience in wastewater treatment and reuse Recent normative and management challenges

Canary Islands (non conventional) water resources (2)

Desalination has narrowed the gap between water demand and production for more than 20 years, thanks to a cheap energy supply.

But the age of “easy & cheap oil” is coming to an end and the link water–energy is critical.

A promising option is desalination powered by renewable energies (RE), which are abundant, clean and endless resources.

Canary Islands (non conventional) water resources (3)

Energy FrameworkEnergy FrameworkThe Canary IslandsThe Canary IslandsThe Canary IslandsThe Canary Islands

> 2.5 GW installed power, approx. 9000 GWh total el. consumption > 2.5 GW installed power, approx. 9000 GWh total el. consumption 15% of electricity consumed in water cycle15% of electricity consumed in water cycle Abundant Renewable Energy Resources:Abundant Renewable Energy Resources:

wind: ~ 4000 h.eq./y; sun: ~ 2000 kWh/mwind: ~ 4000 h.eq./y; sun: ~ 2000 kWh/m22/y/y

> 2.5 GW installed power, approx. 9000 GWh total el. consumption > 2.5 GW installed power, approx. 9000 GWh total el. consumption 15% of electricity consumed in water cycle15% of electricity consumed in water cycle Abundant Renewable Energy Resources:Abundant Renewable Energy Resources:

wind: ~ 4000 h.eq./y; sun: ~ 2000 kWh/mwind: ~ 4000 h.eq./y; sun: ~ 2000 kWh/m22/y/y

Electricity generation

55,6% Road Transport29,9%

Other (Industrial,

Residential...)12,1%

Combined water-electricity

production 2,4%

Seawater desalination plantsSeawater desalination plantsSeawater desalination plantsSeawater desalination plants

Structure of internal fossil Structure of internal fossil fuels marketfuels market

Structure of internal fossil Structure of internal fossil fuels marketfuels market

European Outermost Regions (ORs)European Outermost Regions (ORs)European Outermost Regions (ORs)European Outermost Regions (ORs)

ORs are NATURAL LABORATORIES for developing, testing and demonstrating new technologies which will be implemented in continental regions (Europe and ROW), in insular regions worldwide, as well as in developing countries

ORs are the IDEAL PLATFORMS to showcase and transfer adapted technologies to regions of developing and emerging countries worldwide (and particularly of European neighbour regions)

VISION

The Canary Islands: Ideal Test BenchThe Canary Islands: Ideal Test BenchThe Canary Islands: Ideal Test BenchThe Canary Islands: Ideal Test Bench ORs: Natural Laboratories

Every island configurates one or several real laboratories for testing and demonstrating new technologies, especially emerging ones.

SUSTAINABILITY

The Canary Islands are fully committed to the development and implementation of innovative energy, water and environmental protection technologies and policies, providing sound proof of concepts for the whole Europe and RoW

ORs: Natural Laboratories

Strategic AreasStrategic AreasStrategic AreasStrategic Areas

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

ORs: STRATEGIC ELEMENTS FOR R&D AND TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The Canary Islands have been carrying out succesful international cooperation projects (especially with West Africa and South America) for many years, developing and transferring adapted technology, for example in the energy, water, agriculture, fishing and public health sectors

RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND WATER TECHNOLOGIES

The Canary Islands Government is deploying technology parks specialized in adapting technologies for the developing world.

Sustainability of the Canary Islands Water Cycle is being achieved by means of strategical changes, technological innovations and R&D actions, aiming at:

Higher energy efficiency in the water cycle More efficient energy recovery systems in desalination plants Maximizing the potential of renewable energies applied to the water cycle Promoting water reuse in the agriculture sector

Particularly, the regional scientific community is carrying out R&D in: Desalination plant prototypes driven by wind and photovoltaic systems Water reuse strategies Hydrogen as energy vector for storing wind energy surplus and its

application for water desalination Membrane distillation and solar thermal applications for water desalination

Capacities and outstanding projects (1) - WATER

ITC is a technology center specialized in:

Energy Saving/Efficiency, Renewable Energies Water Technologies Other emerging technological sectors

International Cooperation (energy and water supply to peri-urban and remote areas)

Case 1. Off- grid wind farm coupled to 3 desalination systems (1998-2002)

Capacities and outstanding projects (2) - WATER

○ SDAWES project (Seawater Desalination with Autonomous Wind Energy System), connection of 3 different desalination systems to an off-grid wind farm.

2x230 kW off-grid wind farm.

Synchronous machine (100 kW) & flywheel.

8 RO desalination plants (1 m3/h each). EDR plant (from 3 to 7.9 m3/h).

VVC plant (2 m3/h).

Capacities and outstanding projects (3) - WATER

Case 2. Seawater - PV desalination unit (since 1999)

○ Autonomous PV-RO system, designed to satisfy small water demands (up to 1,000 inhabitants) isolated from the electric grid. DESSOL® is an ITC patent.

RO unit - <3.5 kWh/m3. PV field

Battery back-up system

Also tested a battery-less PV-RO system

Average operation 8 h/d (summer); 6 h/d (winter).

Capacities and oustanding projects (4) - WATER

Case 3. Wind energy for high capacity desalination plant

○ Grid-Wind-RO system, private initiatives

On-grid wind farm

SWRO plant with energy recovery - <3.0 kWh/m3Irrigation

CANARY ISLANDS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ITC)

We have accumulated 15 years of experience in the development of solutions for the ENERGY and WATER supply to peri-urban/rural/remote areas

We have carried out consulting and electrification/water desalination projects using RENEWABLE ENERGIES, as well as training and awareness activities in:

• Mauritania (since 1996)• Morocco (since 1998)• Tunisia• Cape Verde• Senegal• ECOWAS

ITC ExperienceTechnology transfer examples (I)Technology transfer examples (I)

Electrification of isolated communities with wind/solar energy

Development and installation of small autonomous desalination plants, powered by renewable energies

Electrification of isolated communities with wind/solar energy

Development and installation of small autonomous desalination plants, powered by renewable energies

4 seawater desalination plants, National Park Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania

4 seawater desalination plants, National Park Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania

4 brackish water desalination plants, powered by solar energy, Morocco 4 brackish water desalination plants, powered by solar energy, Morocco

Brackish water desalination plant powered by solar energy, Tunisia Brackish water desalination plant powered by solar energy, Tunisia

ITC ExperienceTechnology transfer examples (II)Technology transfer examples (II)

CAPACITY BUILDING AND COMPETITIVENESS RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN ISLANDSPromotion of desalination energy efficiency and using Promotion of desalination energy efficiency and using renewable energiesrenewable energies:•Energy audits and proposals for improvement in 5 representative desalination plants. Study of different municipalities and design of a desalination project driven by renewable energies for Espinho Branco (CM San Miguel-Santiago island). E-learning training in renewable energy desalination: 50 students in Cape Verde

Treatment technologies and wastewater reclamationTreatment technologies and wastewater reclamation:•Safe reuse of treated water Plan for Praia•Design of an energy-less wastewater treatment plant in Ribeira Grande de Santo Antão

ITC MILESTONES IN CAPE VERDE

CAPACITY BUILDING AND COMPETITIVENESS RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN ISLANDSWater awareness campaign in schools Water awareness campaign in schools (resources and results):•Comics, 12 factsheets, educational workshop, training of actors, 40 workshops and more than 1,100 students and teachers involved in Cape Verde…

Strengthening capacities in the evaluation and control of Strengthening capacities in the evaluation and control of water qualitywater quality:•Technical training, inter-comparison circuits between laboratories, specialized seminars, web of common resources for analytical laboratories,…

ITC MILESTONES IN CAPE VERDE

CAPACITY BUILDING AND COMPETITIVENESS RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN ISLANDS

ITC MILESTONES IN CAPE VERDE

• Capacity Building in Renewable Energy Technologies (online and on site courses).

• Study of energy sources, consumption and processes of groups involved in the projects.

• Creation of a Panel of experts to draft energy efficiency targets in the Industrial, Agriculture and Tourism sectors.

• Provide qualified personnel to companies and governments to achieve planned objectives in the strategy of the countries.

• Implementation of energy efficiency tools in the productive sectors.

• Creating a public platform for consultation to resolve technical problems, access to information and dissemination of energy efficiency.

Obstacles for the Sustainable Energy Development in IslandsObstacles for the Sustainable Energy Development in IslandsObstacles for the Sustainable Energy Development in IslandsObstacles for the Sustainable Energy Development in Islands

Weak, isolated gridsWeak, isolated grids

Fragile ecosystems (rich biodiversity, etc.)Fragile ecosystems (rich biodiversity, etc.)

Lack of space for energy infrastructure placementLack of space for energy infrastructure placement

Difficulties for the massive deployment of Renewable EnergiesDifficulties for the massive deployment of Renewable Energies

… …..

Weak, isolated gridsWeak, isolated grids

Fragile ecosystems (rich biodiversity, etc.)Fragile ecosystems (rich biodiversity, etc.)

Lack of space for energy infrastructure placementLack of space for energy infrastructure placement

Difficulties for the massive deployment of Renewable EnergiesDifficulties for the massive deployment of Renewable Energies

… …..

Technical Solutions (I) Technical Solutions (I) Technical Solutions (I) Technical Solutions (I) HV/MV: Pumped Hydro (where possible)HV/MV: Pumped Hydro (where possible)HV/MV: Pumped Hydro (where possible)HV/MV: Pumped Hydro (where possible)

Lower Reservoir

Upper Reservoir

Control

Desalination Plant

Pumping Station

Wind Farm

Hydro Power Station

Technical Solutions (II) Technical Solutions (II) Technical Solutions (II) Technical Solutions (II)

HV/MV:HV/MV:Subsea electrical interconnectionsSubsea electrical interconnections

HV/MV:HV/MV:Subsea electrical interconnectionsSubsea electrical interconnections

Pajar a

Be tan cur ia

Tu ine je

Ant igu a

L a Oliv a

Pue rto de l Rosa rio

T eg uise

T ias

Yaiza

T inajo

Ar re cife

San Ba rt olo mé

Har ia

La G rac iosaLANZAROTE

Matas Blancas

Gran Taraja l

Las Sa linas

Corralejo

Macher

Pla ya Blanca

Punta Grande

Cable Submarino

FUERTEVENTURA

66 kV

San Bartolomé

Enlace submarino Gran Canaria y Fuerteventura :

Refuerzo del enlace submarino entre Lanzarote y Fuerteventura

Technical Solutions (III) Technical Solutions (III) Technical Solutions (III) Technical Solutions (III)

MV/LV:MV/LV: Distributed Generation, esp.:Distributed Generation, esp.: Mini- & Microgrids with high renewable energy penetration, incl. Mini- & Microgrids with high renewable energy penetration, incl. energy storage, management of critical loads (e.g. seawater energy storage, management of critical loads (e.g. seawater desalination) and electrical mobility desalination) and electrical mobility

MV/LV:MV/LV: Distributed Generation, esp.:Distributed Generation, esp.: Mini- & Microgrids with high renewable energy penetration, incl. Mini- & Microgrids with high renewable energy penetration, incl. energy storage, management of critical loads (e.g. seawater energy storage, management of critical loads (e.g. seawater desalination) and electrical mobility desalination) and electrical mobility

CONVOCATORIA DEL OBSERVATORIO INDUSTRIAL DE CANARIAS

Resumen de las actuaciones encomendadas al ITC, S.A.para la materialización de los ejes y medidas estratégicas

asociadas a la EDIC 2013

Resumen de las actuaciones encomendadas al ITC, S.A.para la materialización de los ejes y medidas estratégicas

asociadas a la EDIC 2013

Actuación 7: PLAN DE ECO GESTIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE AGUA DE CANARIAS (2014-2020)

JUSTIFICACIÓN (1/3):

Demanda energética (%) para desalación en instalaciones públicas en Canarias.

Evolución histórica de la oferta de agua en Canarias.

El Hierro

Fuerte

ventu

ra

Actuación 7: PLAN DE ECO GESTIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE AGUA DE CANARIAS (2014-2020)

JUSTIFICACIÓN (2/3):

Perdidas en redes de distribución asociadas a centros de producción de agua desalada que han solicitado ayuda a la desalación, por islas (%)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 TENERIFE 22,48 21,51 19,88 18,50 16,88

GRAN CANARIA 30,58 30,71 26,52 26,13 27,03 FUERTEVENTURA 23,43 26,13 26,16 20,92 20,22

LANZAROTE 46,39 50,82 51,51 54,82 55,90 EL HIERRO 22,82 22,89 10,00 23,01 23,16

Tratamientos terciarios depuración en Canarias (2009).

Producción agua desalada (m3/d)

Consumos específicos (kWh/m3)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1.000 a 15.000 5,23 5,19 5,20 4,69 4,84 4,93

15.000 a 30.000 5,03 4,77 4,68 4,65 4,60 4,62

30.000 a 100.000 4,78 4,76 4,72 5,05 4,64 4,61

Evolución kWh/m3 agua desalada en Canarias .

Actuación 7: PLAN DE ECO GESTIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE AGUA DE CANARIAS (2014-2020)

JUSTIFICACIÓN (3/3):

La gestión integral del agua en Canarias requiere cada vez de más recursos energéticos para acciones como la captación de aguas del acuífero, la desalación, el transporte y la distribución hasta los puntos de consumo, así como para su tratamiento en los sistemas de depuración de aguas usadas y su posterior regeneración y reintroducción en el sistema.

El binomio agua-energía en Canarias es tan importante como complejo de gestionar.

Las instituciones gestoras canarias incurren en unos costes energéticos, y por tanto económicos, muy importantes.

Estas circunstancias ponen en riesgo la sostenibilidad ambiental y económica de muchos sistemas de abastecimiento de agua.

En conclusión: se requiere un posicionamiento estratégico que planteé objetivos globales y actuaciones destinadas a mejorar la eficiencia y promover el ahorro energético en la gestión del ciclo integral del agua.

Actuación 7: PLAN DE ECO GESTIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE AGUA DE CANARIAS (2014-2020)

MISIÓN:

Mejorar la eficiencia técnica y energética empleada en los procesos que intervienen en el ciclo integral del agua dentro del entorno urbano; incorporando las herramientas, los mecanismos y la tecnología necesaria para permitir llevar a cabo dicha misión, previendo mecanismos de financiación que puedan hacer realidad las actuaciones previstas.

Ya no se trata simplemente de obtener agua en CANTIDAD y CALIDAD suficiente para satisfacer las demandas de la población y de las actividades económicas. Ahora se trata de gestionar los recursos disponibles ( económicos, energéticos, naturales y humanos) en pro de dar un servicio recuperando todos los costes, incluidos los ambientales, y sin sobrepasar los límites económicos que la sociedad está dispuesta a asumir.

VISIÓN:

Se concibe el Plan como una hoja de ruta para la administración pública canaria con competencia en materia energética para apoyar y facilitar el desarrollo y mejora de los procesos tecnológicos asociados al ciclo integral del agua urbano, y por consiguiente, en reducir los costes económicos que conllevan la producción, distribución y regeneración del agua en Canarias, repercutiendo directamente en beneficio del consumidor final, en este caso la ciudadanía.

Actuación 7: PLAN DE ECO GESTIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE AGUA DE CANARIAS (2014-2020)

ÁREAS DE ACTUACIÓN:

Actuación 7: PLAN DE ECO GESTIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE AGUA DE CANARIAS (2014-2020)

3 GRANDES EJES DE ACTUACIÓN:

Eje 1: MEJORA DE LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA EN EL CICLO DEL AGUA.

Incremento de la eficiencia en bombeos mejorando el rendimiento y los mecanismos de regulación.

Mejora de la eficiencia energética en el ámbito de la desalación. Mejora de la eficiencia energética en el ámbito de la depuración. Mejora de la eficiencia y la gestión energética en el ámbito de la reutilización.

Eje 2: INCREMENTO DE LA CONTRIBUCIÓN DE LAS ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES ASOCIADAS AL CICLO INTEGRAL DEL AGUA.

Autoconsumo con energías renovables en el sector de la desalación, depuración y regeneración de aguas.

Sistemas de aprovechamiento de energías renovables de generación distribuida con control de cargas eléctricas y almacenamiento, asociadas a la desalación, depuración y reutilización.

Sistemas aislados de tratamiento de aguas con energías renovables.

Eje 3: MEJORA DE LA EFICIENCIA HIDRÁULICA DEL CICLO INTEGRAL DEL AGUA.

Reducción de pérdidas en las redes de distribución de agua. Mejora de la gestión documental y de los sistemas tarifarios.

Commissioning in 2014El Hierro: first 100% RES IslandEl Hierro: first 100% RES IslandEl Hierro: first 100% RES IslandEl Hierro: first 100% RES Island

278 km2

10.500 inhabitants

7 MW peak

40 GWh/y demand (Diesel)

278 km2

10.500 inhabitants

7 MW peak

40 GWh/y demand (Diesel)

100% renewable energy supply • Design and construction of a Wind-

Hydro Power Station• Installation of solar collectors &

modules• Evaluation of biomass exploitation

possibilities• Transport. Sustainable Mobility• Environmental Education

Construction finishedEl Hierro: 100% RES IslandEl Hierro: 100% RES IslandEl Hierro: 100% RES IslandEl Hierro: 100% RES Island

Wind – Pumped Hydro Power StationWind – Pumped Hydro Power StationWind – Pumped Hydro Power StationWind – Pumped Hydro Power Station

Wind-Hydro Power Station

Wind-Hydro Power StationWind-Hydro Power StationWind-Hydro Power StationWind-Hydro Power Station

Wind FarmWind Farm 11,5 MW11,5 MW

Hydroelectric SubstationHydroelectric Substation 11,3 MW11,3 MW

Pumping StationPumping Station 6 MW6 MW

Upper ReservoirUpper Reservoir 400.000 400.000 mm33

Lower ReservoirLower Reservoir 150.000 150.000 mm33

EXPLOTACIÓN SISTEMA EL HIERROEXPLOTACIÓN SISTEMA EL HIERRO

Upper Reservoir

Conductions

Lower Reservoir

Hydro-Station

Pumping-Station

Wind Farm

Thank you!gpiernavieja@itccanarias.org

Thank you!gpiernavieja@itccanarias.org