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The Ballistic Axis : DPRK and Iran's cooperation in missiles and
space - strategic implications
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Tal Inbar
Head, Space Research Center The Fisher Institute for Air & Space Strategic Studies, Israel
April 21, 2016, Washington DC
Disclaimer
• The presentation is based exclusively on unclassified open source information
• The views represents the author and are NOT necessarily represent an official Israeli governmental position;
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Content of the presentation
• Introduction to Iran’s ballistic missile arsenal
• Introduction to DPRK ballistic missile arsenal
• Recent revelations on DPRK missile technologies and nuclear warhead
• Iran’s silos for ballistic missiles
• Iran’s space program – and DPRK technologies incorporated
• Prospects for the future
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Iran’s Ballistic missiles
First missiles acquired from DPRK during the Iran-Iraq War.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Teharani Moghadem, “Father of Iranian missiles”
Refueling vehicle
Scud Missile
Note the horizontal
refuel
Iran’s Ballistic missiles
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Standard Scud TEL. Note 1980’s DPRK Scheme
Scud Missile
Shahab 2 (DPRK Scud C)
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Shahab 3 (DPRK Nodong)
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Shahab 3 / Ghadr (DPRK Nodong)
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Shahab 3 production in Iran
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Sajil – 2 stage, solid propelled
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Sajil – 2 stage, solid propelled
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Thrust termination
port (1/4)Housing for second stage jet vanes (1/4)
Fateh 110 – the accuracy revolution
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Fateh 110 – the accuracy revolution
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Guidance section
Khalij Fars – Anti ship ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Hourmuz – Anti ship ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Fateh 313 – Extended range
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Fateh 313 – Extended range
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Note the pattern – possible carbon
fiber outer skin of the missile
Fateh 313 – Extended range
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Test launch of the missile (2015)
Shahab 3 with sub munitions
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Note the sub-munitions inside
the missile’s warhead
Advanced Zelzal – Sub munitions
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Heavy sub munition
Fins
Ya Ali cruise missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Soumar cruise missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Soumar cruise missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Qiam ballistic missile – A Scud replacement
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Qiam ballistic missile – A Scud replacement
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Qiam ballistic missile – A Scud replacement
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Shahab 2 with new guidance
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Movable steering fins
Emad – advanced Ghadr
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Note the movable steering fins
Emad – advanced Ghadr
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Retro rocket (1 of 2)
Iran’s Silo basing
Iran has different types of silos:
• Conventional designed (missile in vertical position on alert)
• Underground “missile city” – tunnels and TEL’s
• Coffin type silo
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Iran’s Silo basing
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Shahab 3 on alert – vertically mounted
Blast doors to the silo
Doors on ground level
Iran’s Silo basing
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Iran’s Silo basing
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Iran’s Silo basing
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Qiam missile
Launch hole
Iran’s Silo basing
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Iran’s Silo basing
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Underground missile depo
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Note: missiles are stored without the
warheads
Iran’s Silo basing
©2016 by Tal Inbar
North Korean ballistic missiles
• The NK arsenal of ballistic missiles consist of former Soviet Union
technologies and origin: Scud, SS-21(KN-02) and BM-25 (aka Musudan,
BK-1)
• Original design: Nodong, HS-13 – two versions
Soviet Origin Original NK design
©2016 by Tal Inbar
HS-13 (KN 08) missile
• The missile was first shown on a military parade on April 15, 2012.
• Photographic materials indicated that the missile was under development
or production in Kim Jong Il time.
• It is described by North Korea as ICBM (Inter Continental Ballistic Missile).
• On October 2015, a second version of the missile was shown.
• No test flight was conducted for either type.
©2016 by Tal InbarHS-13 HS-13 mod. 2
HS-13 (KN 08) missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
1st stage2nd stage
3rd stage Re-entry vehicle
HS-13 mod. 2 missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
HS-13 (KN 08) missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Note the same support
structure for the missile
Kim Jong Un, March 2016
Kim Jong Il, Date UNKNOWN
When was the HS-13 built?
Nuclear equipped warhead (RV) of the HS-13 missile
• On March 9, 2016, DPRK displayed, for the first time, a nuclear equipped
warhead for its HS-13 (KN-08) long range ballistic missile.
HS-13 (KN-08) RV on its cradle ©2016 by Tal Inbar
• Triconic RV configuration
• Blunt Nose-Tip
• Low ballistic coefficient (b)
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
Electronic package for the nuclear bomb
or ballast weight
Nuclear explosive
device
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Aft Skirt (for stabilization)Nose
Tip
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Electronic package for the nuclear bomb
or ballast weight
Nuclear explosive
device
Aft Skirt (for stabilization)Nose
Tip
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Cut out of HS-13(KN 08) RV armed with Nuclear Warhead
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Nuclear equipped warhead of the HS-13 missile
• DPRK leader Kim Jong Un was shown the nuclear bomb that was
designed to fit inside the re-entry vehicle of the HS-13 missile. Note the
missile in the background.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Nuclear equipped warhead of the HS-13 missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
HS-13 missile first stage
HS-13 missile second stage
Place for the nuclear explosion device
Nuclear Bomb for HS-13
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Explosive Lens
Nuclear Bomb for HS-13
Electrical cords for explosive lens
activation
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Geometry of the nuclear explosive device
Nuclear bomb with some
pentagons and hexagons
superimposed
Probable geometry of the
nuclear device (minus
external features)
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Nuclear equipped warhead of the HS-13 missile
Inside view of the re-entry vehicle of the HS-
13 ballistic missile
Electronic package for the nuclear bomb
OR ballast
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Aft Squirt
Mounting point
Location of the Nuclear payload
The strategic significance
• It is a devastating combination of long range ballistic missile AND a
nuclear warhead.
• North Korea never tested a missile to a range exciding 1100 km –
the HS-13 family is a quantum leap in it’s capabilities.
• The unveiling of the miniaturized nuclear bomb is a direct response to the
west’s claims that NK lack the capability to produce them.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Re-entry simulation for the nose tip of the HS-13 (mod. 2) missile
• On March 15, 2016, NK published detailed view of a ground test of the
nose tip of the HS-13 mod. 2 ballistic missile.
• The simulated atmospheric re-entry was conducted by using a static test
stand and exposure of the nose tip to the exhaust gases of a Scud missile.
Front page of the Rodong Sinmun revealing the test ©2016 by Tal Inbar
• The test aim was to evaluate and prove of the
nose tip in heat loads and heat fluxes typical to
the critical phase of atmospheric reentry.
Erosion and Ablation test of the Nose tip for HS-13 mod. 2
Nose tip – probably made of ceramics
Ablative material
Electrical connectors
Attachment Bolts
(to the missile)
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Note the cover up design
Erosion and Ablation test of the Nose tip for HS-13 mod. 2
Nose tip poised for
test
Scud engine
Exhaust from the
scud engine
Nose tip
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Scud engine
Schematic drawing of the nose tip
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Gauge to measure the curve of the
nose tip: note that very little material has been ablated
Post test Nose tip for HS-13 mod. 2
Nose tip for HS-13 mod. 2
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Electronic package used for the nuclear explosive device OR
ballast
Electrical connectors
Post test Nose tip for HS-13 mod. 2
Charred nose tip
Thermal blankets
(possible use of Asbestos Phenolic )
Ablative material. Note that MOST of the material withstand the
heat during the test
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Electronic equipment – probably related to the
nuclear bomb. Some may be avionics.Antenna
Bolts unaffected by
the heat
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Post test Nose tip for HS-13 mod. 2
HS-13 missile
First stage
Cables duct
Second stage
First stage main engine
©2016 by Tal Inbar
HS-13 mod. 2
Nose tip (as was tested on March 15, 2016) Large compartment for nuclear bomb
(Larger than the one shown on march 9, hence larger yield possible)
Technological assessments
• The HS-13 missile shown with the nuclear warhead looks authentic.
• The 6 HS-13 (mod. 2) missiles shown looks authentic.
• The design of the nuclear bomb looks authentic.
• The nose tip used for simulated re-entry is authentic in every aspect.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Solid propelled rocket motor
• On March 2016, DPRK performed a static test of a new, large diameter
(probably 1.25 meters) solid rocket motor.
• DPRK leader Ki Jong Un attended the test.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Rails
Engine’s exhaust
Jet vane mount
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Electrical Connector
Nozzle
Jet Vane
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Burning time of the rocket
engine in seconds (?)
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Welding
Jet vane mount
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Solid fuel engine test
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Static test fire of HS-13 engines
• On April 2016, DPRK performed a static test of the engines which are
installed in the HS-13 missile.
• Kim Jong Un attended the test.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Static test of a cluster of engines forHS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar, FOUO, UNCLASSIFIED
Static test of dual-combustion chamber rocket engine for HS-13 ballistic missile
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Flame from engine 2
Flame from engine 1
Truss – connecting the engines
to the missile
Cables for measurements during the test
Probable location of
turbo-pumps
assembly
Solid propelled SLBM
• On April 23, 2016, DPRK conducted a test flight of a SOLID PROPELLED
SLBM, from under the sea.
• DPRK state run television claimed it was launched from a submarine.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Solid propelled SLBM
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Protective cover of the launch tube
Hand grips
Outer cover of the launch
tube. Note the DPRK submarine
color
Solid propelled SLBM
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Protective cover of the launch tube
Solid propelled SLBM
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Missile’s nose tip
Cables Duct
Protective cover of the launch tube
UNHA SLV first stage
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Solid propelled SLBM
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Preliminary conclusions
• DPRK has finished the design of two versions of the HS-13 ballistic
missile.
• DPRK has succeeded to built a miniaturized nuclear bomb to fit its large
ballistic missiles.
• DPRK has the technology to design, manufacture and test of re-entry
vehicles for ballistic missiles.
• Transfer of DPRK missile technologies is conformed in regard to Iran and
Pakistan, among other countries.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Future prospects
• Static tests of both versions of the HS-13 must be conducted (including
separation tests – for stages of the missiles, AND the re-entry vehicles
must be conducted). NOTE – This might have been partially achieved
through launches of the UNHA satellite launch vehicle.
• Nuclear test with the miniaturized bomb must be conducted (this MAY
HAVE been done already, with reduced yield).
• Dynamic tests (launches) of both versions of the HS-13 missile must be
conducted to test the design and build reliability.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Future prospects
• NK might develop even smaller nuclear warheads, to fit its arsenal of
Nodong missiles.
• If they will, it will have a profound influence on all assessments
regarding Iran – since Iranian Shahab 3, Ghader 110 are Nodong
derivatives.
©2016 by Tal Inbar
Back up slides
©2016 by Tal Inbar
©2016 by Tal Inbar
©2016 by Tal Inbar
First presentation of a space launcher to Iran’s supreme leader
Half section of the fairing
Launcher forward section
Satellite
©2016 by Tal Inbar
The satellite launcher – integral part of Iran’s missiles arsenal
Shahab missile
Sajil missile
Safir satellite launch vehicle
©2016 by Tal Inbar
©2016 by Tal Inbar