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Launching the New Nation
Chapter 2: Section 4
About George
• Born in Virginia, father died at 11, raised by half brother
• Fought in French and Indian War, American General in War for Independence
• Married Martha, raised her 2 children till they died, George adopted his stepsons 2 kids
• Mount Vernon
• First President
Notes
Washington Heads the New Government
• Constitution was a strong foundation, but it wasn’t detailed enough for governing
Task#1= Creation of a Judicial System
• Judiciary Act of 1789= created a Supreme Court and federal circuit and district courts
• New system allowed state courts decisions to be appealed to a federal court when they were considered unconstitutional
Thomas Jefferson= sec. of state
Alexander Hamilton= sec. of treasury
Henry Knox= sec. of war
What Should WE DO?
2 Answers to Government
Hamilton Jefferson
Economy should be based on ______________
INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE
National Bank FOR AGAINST
Who should be involved in gov?
WEALTHY & EDUCATED COMMON PEOPLE
Tariffs (taxes) HIGH TARRIFS to PROTECT US INDUSTRIES
LOW TARIFFS to KEEP PRICES LOW
Federal government should be ___________
STRONG (Federalist Party) LIMITED (Democratic-Republic Party)
Interpretation of the Constitution
LOOSE (“elastic clause”) STRICT
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
• Hamilton= Secretary of State
• Hamilton’s Job= put the nation’s economy back on track• What Hamilton Did???
• Called on nation to pay off its debts (gained during Revolution)
• Proposed national bank- would issue paper money and handle taxes and other government funds
• Opponents like James Madison, said a national bank was not in the Constitution
2 Party System= political system dominated by 2 major political parties
•Agreed with Hamilton
•Strong Central Gov.
•Mostly Northerners•Called
FEDERALISTS
•Agreed with Jefferson
•Strong State Gov.•Mostly Southerners
•Called DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN
Whiskey Rebellion
• Why did it happen? TAXES• 1. Protective Tariff=import tax on goods produced
abroad (meant to encourage American production)• 2. Excise tax= tax on a product’s manufacture, sale or
distribution- put on whiskey
Whiskey Rebellion
• 1794
• Whiskey producers in Pennsylvania refused to pay tax and attacked the tax collectors
• Federal Gov responded by sending 13,000 militiamen to end the conflict
• EXAMPLE OF: tension between Federal and State Govs
• FIRSTS: first use of armed force to assert federal authority
Whiskey Rebellion Clip
Challenges: Home and Abroad
• Challenge #1: Foreign Affairs & France• French Revolution led to ending the French
monarchy
• France was engaged in a way with Great Britain
• 2 Political Parties disagreed with how to handle it
• Washington declared NEUTRALITY• Challenge #2: Foreign Affairs with Spain
• Treaty with Spain (Pinckney’s Treaty)= Spain gave up land east of the Mississippi, except for Florida. Open trade along rivers (Mississippi) and ports (New Orleans)
Challenges in the Northwest
• On US borders there were still British forts and Native Americans
• Battle of Fallen Timbers= near Toledo, Ohio, victory over Native Americans and gave the Americans supremacy in the region
Jay’s Treaty
• John Jay= chief justice of Supreme Court
• When the British heard of the Battle of Fallen Timbers, they backed out (didn’t want to fight US and French)
• Jay’s Treaty= British removed troops, peace treaty between US and GB, limited trade relations, set up borders
OVER THE WHOLE
Adams Tries to Avoid War (with France)
• What happened?• French government regarded a US treaty with
the British as a violation of the French-American alliance
• Retaliation= seized American ships bound for Britain
• Delegates (named “X” “Y” and “Z”) were sent to talk to the foreign minister of France
• French foreign minister demanded $250,000 to see him
• Results: • Americans were outraged at the X,Y,Z
Affair• Federalists wanted war, but Adams used
diplomacy and smoothed things out
Alien & Sedition Acts
• Some of the President’s most vocal critics were foreign-born immigrants• = raised the residence
requirement for American citizenship from 5 years to 14 years.
• = Allowed the president to deport or jail any alien considered undesirable.
• = set fines and jail terms for anyone who spoke against the government
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
• Madison and Jefferson didn’t like the Alien and Sedition Acts so they decided to oppose by appealing to the states
• NULLIFICATION= states have the right to nullify, or consider void, any act of Congress they deem as unconstitutional
• Only Virginia and Kentucky nullified.