Origins of the Cold War

WWII and Cold War

Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) US needs Russian

help in Japan Eastern Europe’s

fate left unclear Truman and the

Bomb Potsdam Conf. (July

1945)

A-bomb Hiroshima &Nagasaki Reasons to Drop atomic Bomb

Japanese fight to the death US estimates more than 1 million casualties to capture mainland

Japanese did not respond to peace offers Hiroshima August 6, 1945

City of 350, 000 70-80,000 die Japanese do not respond

Nagasaki August 9, 194570,000 are killedJapanese surrender September 2, 1945

Allies Become Enemies United Nations June 1945

General Assembly a larger group representative of the world built for peace keeping

Security Council able to investigate problems and take actions 5 Permanent members China, US, USSR, Britain, and France

Soviets tired of invasions WWII losses about 25 million Seek secure border Demand buffer zone

Battle of Stalingrad

Cold War Heats Up

Stalin wants to create a buffer zone or a wall of protection to avoid future invasions from Europe

Germany was split into two sections one controlled by USSR and the other controlled by US, Britain, and France. Berlin the former capital though in the Soviet Zone was divided between Soviets and GB, US, and France

Iron Curtain taken from a Churchill speech came to represent Europe’s division between mostly democratic western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

The Iron Curtain

Cold War Heats Up

Truman Doctrine (1947) US supports countries that

reject communism Containment policy goal to

stop the spread of Soviet influence and communism

Marshall Plan (1947) Provides food money,

equipment and materials to rebuild western Europe

Undermines conditions for communism

Cold Divides the World

NATO 1949 North Atlantic Treaty

Organization 10 countries pledge an attack

on one is an attack on all

Warsaw Pact 1955

Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania

The Berlin Wall is built becomes a symbol of the split

Berlin Airlift

                                                                    

Berlin Airlift

Berlin Airlift

Stalin gambled that the GB, France, and US would not risk war to fight for Berlin

1948 Stalin cut off all land and rail access to Berlin city faced starvation

Allies responded by flying over 2.3 million tons of food and supplies into Berlin

After 11 months Stalin reopened the City 1949

Berlin Airlift

Korean War

Korean War

On June 25, 1950 North Korea invades the South UN sends troops from 15 nations under Douglas Macarthur UN Police Action forces North Koreans back north past 38th to

Yalu river and the border with China Oct 1950 China sends 300,000 troops storming into N. Korea

they drive UN forces back south of the 38th parallel Macarthur wanted to Nuke the Chinese is fired for his views

Stalemate in 1952 By 1952 the UN forces had fought back to the 38th parallel In 1953 North and South Korea signed a cease fire and

established the DMZ at the 38th parallel Results

Korea remained divided, creations of theDMZ, over 4 million people lost their lives

Map of Vietnam

France had started colonizingThe area in 1836.

By 1907 controlled either Directly or indirectly all of The regions on this map

Vietnam War French Indochina

France had controlled most Southwest Asia since since the 1900’s

Ho Chi Minh was a nationalist he fought against the Japanese. After the war he expected to gain independence. He turned to communism for help in his struggle for independence after the war

France is defeated in Vietnam. Domino theory US becomes involved fearing that if they allowed Vietnam to fall to communism the entire regain would become communist

Results Korea remained divided, DMZ, over 4 million people lost their

lives

The Atom Bomb and Nuclear Arms Race

The New Look

Eisenhower and Massive Retaliation Use of high tech and

aversion to ground troops

CIA Covert operations and

the Third World

Initial Reactions

Anxiety, Fear, and Elation Sense of doom Atomic sales Atomic bomb ring

Cold War and the Bomb

Civil Defense Greenbrier Bunker

Russians detonate first atomic bomb in 1949

“How to Survive an Atomic Bomb”

Bomb shelters

Cold War Science Fiction FilmAmbivalence and Anxiety over

the Bomb

1950s Invasion Films

China falls to Communism

-Mao Zedong communist leader recruits from the peasant population. Promises land reform or giving land back to the farmers. Backed by the USSR

-Jian Jieshi capitalist backed by the US his army was ineffective because of terrible corruption. US provided over 2 billion in aid, most squandered by corrupt generals

-Moa wins and begins his communist reforms in China to include the Great Leap Forward which created communes for farms very unsuccessful abandoned after terrible famines

Cold War Science Fiction FilmAmbivalence and Anxiety over

the Bomb