Content Providers’ in Android Application

Sample Project Coursework

Wael Almadhoun

Background

Content providers in Android provide access to data that is shared between different apps. The content provider is the owner of the data, but provides an interface to allow activities from other applications in Android to access the data.

The intention is to add; You can populate the content with data about European Union countries, or Gulf Cooperation Council countries, African Union, etc. For each country you should store its capital city, population, area in square kilometres, and its official language or languages, and any other data you like..

The Solution:

1. First App: The producer application is designed to construct the SQLite database and the data entry screen.

2. Second App: The consumer application is designed to view the data stored by the first app (as list) the data can be edited also.

The following screens and Java classes included in the Producer Application:

1. Classes within com.example.contentproviderproducer package MainActivity CountryProvider

2. Classes within DBSQL in com.example.contentproviderproducer package DBCountry CountryDatabaseHelper

3. Activities activity_main.xml

Introduction

The Application User Experience.

Simple user interface to enter the following required data,

Select the " union " , " capital ", " population", " area" , " language" and " other”

Activity:

activity_main

Input form

ContentValuesMainActivity Class

SQLite

First App: Producer

UTHORITY = "com.example.contentproviderproducer.countrycrovider";

CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/" + STUDENT_TABLE);

Second App: Consumer

Activity:

row_country

List view(Card Widget) Show Details

(Flip View)

Activity:

activity_main Add Form

The Activities

The below screenshots taken from my Mobile (samsung galaxy s6 – android lollipop)

First App – Add new country entry:

Second App – View Countries:

Secon App – Update country item:

The Code for First Application (Producer)

1. The manifest file

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.contentproviderproducer" > <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity>

<provider android:authorities="com.example.contentproviderproducer.countrycrovider" android:name=".CountryProvider" android:exported="true"></provider> </application>

</manifest>

2. Main Activity

3. package com.example.contentproviderproducer;

import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Spinner;import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.contentproviderproducer.DBSQL.DBCountry;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// declare new instance of the database and open the connection final DBCountry db = new DBCountry(this); db.open(); final EditText name = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.name);

final EditText population = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.population); final EditText area = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.area); final EditText capital = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.capital); final EditText language = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.language); final EditText other = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.other); final Spinner union = (Spinner)findViewById(R.id.union);

Button buttonsave=(Button)findViewById(R.id.insert);

// add items values taken from the input screen to contentValues;

buttonsave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) {

ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", ""+name.getText().toString()); values.put("capital", ""+capital.getText().toString()); values.put("population", ""+population.getText().toString()); values.put("area", ""+area.getText().toString()); values.put("language", ""+language.getText().toString()); values.put("count_union", ""+union.getSelectedItem().toString()); values.put("other", ""+other.getText().toString()); // insert the loaded values into database using the DB helper insert procedure db.insert("Country", values); // preview a toast message to user confirming the new entry Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "New Country Added!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

} });

}

}

4. CountryProvider

package com.example.contentproviderproducer;

import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.UriMatcher;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;

import com.example.contentproviderproducer.DBSQL.DBCountry;

/** * class CountryProvider as Content Provide and uri. */public class CountryProvider extends ContentProvider{ public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.contentproviderproducer.countrycrovider";

public static final String STUDENT_TABLE = "Country"; public static final int CHOICE_TABLE = 1; public static final int CHOICE_TABLE_ROW = 2; UriMatcher uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); DBCountry db;

@Override public boolean onCreate() { uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,STUDENT_TABLE,CHOICE_TABLE); uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,STUDENT_TABLE+"/#",CHOICE_TABLE_ROW);

db = new DBCountry(getContext()); db.open(); return (db==null)? false:true; }

@Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) { int choice = uriMatcher.match(uri);

Cursor c = null; if(choice == CHOICE_TABLE){ c = db.query(STUDENT_TABLE,projection,selection,selectionArgs,sortOrder); getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null); }

return c; }

@Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { int choice = uriMatcher.match(uri); long id = -1; if(choice == CHOICE_TABLE){ id = db.insert(STUDENT_TABLE,values); getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null); } return Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/"+STUDENT_TABLE+"/"+id); }

@Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { int choice = uriMatcher.match(uri); int count = -1; if(choice == CHOICE_TABLE){ count = db.delete(STUDENT_TABLE,selection,selectionArgs); } return count; }

@Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { int choice = uriMatcher.match(uri); int rowsAffected = -1; if(choice == CHOICE_TABLE){ rowsAffected = db.update(STUDENT_TABLE,values,selection,selectionArgs); }

return rowsAffected; }

@Override public String getType(Uri uri) { return null; }}

5. DBSQL. DBCountry

6. package com.example.contentproviderproducer.DBSQL;

import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.Context;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteStatement;

/** * Define the databse helper to perform CRUD actions on the deatabase. * I used insert prcedure in this app */public class DBCountry {

CountryDatabaseHelper countryDatabaseHelper; SQLiteDatabase db; Context context;

public DBCountry(Context context) { this.context = context; countryDatabaseHelper = new CountryDatabaseHelper(context, "dbCountry", null, 1); }

public void open() { db = countryDatabaseHelper.getWritableDatabase(); }

public void close() { countryDatabaseHelper.close(); }

public void beginTransaction() { db.beginTransaction(); }

public void endTransaction() { db.endTransaction(); }

public void setTransactionSuccessful() { db.setTransactionSuccessful(); }

public long insert(String tableName, ContentValues values) { return db.insert(tableName, null, values); }

public Cursor query(String tableName, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {

return db.query(tableName, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder); }

public int delete(String tableName , String whereClause , String[] args){ return db.delete(tableName, whereClause, args); }

public int update(String tableName ,ContentValues values, String whereClause , String[] args){ return db.update(tableName, values, whereClause, args); }

public void insertWithPerformance(String query,String... values){ SQLiteStatement stmt = db.compileStatement(query); beginTransaction(); stmt.bindString(1,values[0]); stmt.bindString(2,values[1]); stmt.execute(); stmt.clearBindings(); setTransactionSuccessful(); endTransaction(); }

}

7. DBSQL. CountryDatabaseHelper

package com.example.contentproviderproducer.DBSQL;

import android.content.Context;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

/** * Create the database table required to store the app data - Country. * using SQLite */public class CountryDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{

public CountryDatabaseHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); }

@Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

db.execSQL("Create Table Country(_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT ," + " name TEXT NOT NULL ," + " capital TEXT ," + " population TEXT ," + " area TEXT ," + " language TEXT ," + " count_union TEXT ," + " other TEXT )");

}

// in case of updating the app, the table will be recreated @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { db.execSQL("DROP TABLE Country IF EXIST"); onCreate(db); }}

8. Activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity" android:orientation="vertical" > <Spinner android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:hint="Union" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/union" android:entries="@array/unionArray" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="name" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/name" />

<EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="capital" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/capital" />

<EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="population" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/population" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="area" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/area" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName"

android:hint="language" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/language" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="other" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/other" /> <Button android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Insert" android:id="@+id/insert" /></LinearLayout>

9. string.xml

<resources> <string name="app_name">ContentProviderProducer</string>

<string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string> <string name="action_settings">Settings</string> <string-array name="unionArray"> <item>European Union</item> <item>Gulf Cooperation Council</item> <item>African Union</item> </string-array></resources>

The Code for Second Application (Consumer)

1. The manifest file

2. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.contentproviderconsumer" >

<application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application>

</manifest>

3. MainActivity

package com.example.contentproviderconsumer;

import android.app.Activity;import android.app.LoaderManager;import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.Context;import android.content.CursorLoader;import android.content.Loader;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.MenuItem;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.Spinner;import android.widget.Toast;import android.widget.ViewFlipper;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> { ListView lst; ViewFlipper flipper; CountryCursorAdapter countryCursorAdapter; int ref = 1; public static final String AUTHORITY =

"com.example.contentproviderproducer.countrycrovider"; public static final String STUDENT_TABLE = "Country"; public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/" + STUDENT_TABLE); private Button buttonsave; EditText name, population, area, capital, language, other; Spinner union; ContentResolver contentResolver; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

flipper = (ViewFlipper) findViewById(R.id.viewFlipper);

name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.name); population = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.population); area = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.area); capital = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.capital); language = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.language); other = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.other); union = (Spinner)findViewById(R.id.union); buttonsave = (Button) findViewById(R.id.insert);

contentResolver = getContentResolver(); lst = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView); getLoaderManager().initLoader(ref, null, this); ref++; btnAddClick();

}

public void btnAddClick(){ buttonsave.setText("Save insert"); buttonsave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", "" + name.getText().toString()); values.put("capital", "" + capital.getText().toString()); values.put("population", "" + population.getText().toString()); values.put("area", "" + area.getText().toString()); values.put("language", "" + language.getText().toString()); values.put("other", "" + other.getText().toString()); values.put("count_union", ""+union.getSelectedItem().toString());

Uri uri = contentResolver.insert(CONTENT_URI, values);

// countryCursorAdapter. //contentResolver Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), uri.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); getLoaderManager().initLoader(ref, null, MainActivity.this); countryCursorAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); ref++; name.setText(""); population.setText(""); area.setText(""); capital.setText(""); language.setText(""); other.setText(""); //----------------------------------

try { flipper.showPrevious(); } catch (Exception w) { flipper.showNext(); } // ---------------------------------------

} }); } @Override public Loader onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) { return new CursorLoader(this, CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null); }

@Override public void onLoadFinished(Loader loader, Cursor data) { countryCursorAdapter = new CountryCursorAdapter(this, data, 0); lst.setAdapter(countryCursorAdapter); countryCursorAdapter.setCutdorListLisiner(new CountryCursorAdapter.CutdorListLisiner() { @Override public void OnClickCountryListener(Context context, final String _id, String s_name, String s_population, String s_area, String s_capital, String s_language) {

//populate the text values into fields name.setText(s_name); population.setText(s_population); area.setText(s_area); capital.setText(s_capital); language.setText(s_language); flipper.showNext(); buttonsave.setText("Save Update"); buttonsave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", "" + name.getText().toString()); values.put("capital", "" + capital.getText().toString()); values.put("population", "" + population.getText().toString()); values.put("area", "" + area.getText().toString()); values.put("language", "" + language.getText().toString()); values.put("count_union", ""+union.getSelectedItem().toString());

// countryCursorAdapter.swapCursor() contentResolver.update(CONTENT_URI,values,"_id=?",new String[]{""+_id}); getLoaderManager().initLoader(ref, null, MainActivity.this); countryCursorAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); ref++; //---------------------------------- try { flipper.showPrevious(); } catch (Exception w) { flipper.showNext(); } // ---------------------------------------

} });

}

}); }

@Override public void onLoaderReset(Loader loader) {

}

@Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu); MenuItem item = menu.findItem(R.id.add); return true; }

@Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long int id = item.getItemId();

if (id == R.id.add) { btnAddClick(); try { flipper.showNext(); } catch (Exception w) { flipper.showPrevious(); }

return true; } else { try { flipper.showPrevious(); } catch (Exception w) { flipper.showNext(); } return true;

} }

}

4. CountryCursorAdapter

package com.example.contentproviderconsumer;

import android.content.Context;import android.database.Cursor;import android.support.v4.widget.CursorAdapter;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;

import android.widget.RelativeLayout;import android.widget.TextView;

public class CountryCursorAdapter extends CursorAdapter { public CountryCursorAdapter(Context context, Cursor cursor, int flags) { super(context, cursor, 0); } CutdorListLisiner cutdorListLisiner;

public void setCutdorListLisiner(CutdorListLisiner cutdorListLisiner) { this.cutdorListLisiner = cutdorListLisiner; }

@Override public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) { return LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.row_country, parent, false); }

// The bindView method is used to bind all data to a given view // such as setting the text on a TextView. @Override public void bindView(View view, final Context context, Cursor cursor) { // Find fields to populate in inflated template final TextView name = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.name); final TextView population = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.population); final TextView area = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.area); final TextView capital = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.capital); final TextView language = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.language); final TextView union = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.union); final RelativeLayout rel_item = (RelativeLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.rel_item);

final String _id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_id")); final String s_name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name")); final String s_population = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("population")); final String s_area = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("area")); final String s_capital = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("capital")); final String s_language = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("language")); final String s_union = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("count_union"));

rel_item.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { cutdorListLisiner.OnClickCountryListener(context,_id,s_name,s_population,s_area,s_capital,s_language); } }); // Populate fields with extracted properties name.setText(s_name); population.setText(s_population); area.setText(s_area); capital.setText("("+s_capital+")");

language.setText(s_language); union.setText(s_union);

}

public interface CutdorListLisiner{ public void OnClickCountryListener(Context context, String _id,String s_name,String s_population,String s_area,String s_capital,String s_language); }

}

5. activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity" android:orientation="vertical" > <ViewFlipper android:id="@+id/viewFlipper" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent"> <ListView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/listView" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Spinner android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:hint="Union" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/union" android:entries="@array/unionArray" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="name" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/name" />

<EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="capital" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/capital" />

<EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="population" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/population" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="area" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/area" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="language" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/language" /> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputType="textPersonName" android:hint="other" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/other" /> <Button android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Insert" android:id="@+id/insert" /></LinearLayout>

</ViewFlipper></LinearLayout>

6. row_country.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:id="@+id/rel_item" android:padding="4dp" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <android.support.v7.widget.CardView android:layout_width="match_parent" app:cardBackgroundColor="#ccc" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#ccc" app:cardCornerRadius="4dp" app:cardElevation="3dp" app:cardMaxElevation="3dp" app:cardPreventCornerOverlap="false" android:padding="8dp" android:layout_margin="8dp"

android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_alignParentStart="true" android:id="@+id/view"><RelativeLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:padding="4dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" android:text="name" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" android:id="@+id/name" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" android:text="capital" android:id="@+id/capital" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />

<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall" android:text="population" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/population" android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/imageView2" android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/imageView2" android:layout_alignTop="@+id/imageView2" />

<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall" android:text="area" android:id="@+id/area" android:gravity="center" android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/imageView" android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/imageView" android:layout_below="@+id/name" />

<ImageView android:layout_width="25dp" android:layout_height="25dp" android:id="@+id/imageView" android:src="@drawable/ic_area" android:layout_below="@+id/name" android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

<ImageView android:layout_marginLeft="20dp" android:layout_width="25dp" android:layout_height="25dp" android:id="@+id/imageView2" android:src="@drawable/ic_people"

android:layout_below="@+id/name" android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/area" />

<ImageView android:layout_marginLeft="20dp" android:layout_width="15dp" android:layout_height="15dp" android:id="@+id/imageView3" android:src="@drawable/ic_language" android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/language" android:layout_toStartOf="@+id/language" />

<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" android:text="union" android:id="@+id/union" android:layout_marginTop="8dp" android:layout_alignParentStart="true" android:layout_below="@+id/language" />

<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall" android:text="language"

android:layout_marginTop="8dp" android:id="@+id/language" android:layout_below="@+id/area" android:layout_alignParentStart="true" /></RelativeLayout> </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

</RelativeLayout>

7. Menu

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <item android:id="@+id/show" android:title="Show" android:orderInCategory="100" android:showAsAction="always" /> <item android:id="@+id/add" android:title="Add" android:orderInCategory="100" android:showAsAction="always" />

</menu>

8. String

9. <resources> <string name="app_name">Content Consumer</string> <string name="action_settings">Settings</string> <string-array name="unionArray"> <item>European Union</item> <item>Gulf Cooperation Council</item> <item>African Union</item>

</string-array></resources>