The ancient road: an

overview of

globalization

DefinitionA process by which economic,

political, cultural, social, and other systems of nations are integrating into

world sub-systems

Integration of national/regional

phenomena into world sub-systems

Processes by which this integration occurs

Mechanisms that facilitate integration, by

transmitting influence from one location to

another

History of an idea

Origins in the 15th and 16th centuries

business people (traders), religious missionaries (preachers),

explorers (adventurers), and soldiers (warriors

Migration, cartography, linguistic trends, religion and economics are

agents in the globalizing trends

Globalization is clearly not a recent phenomenon

History of a word

Use of the word ‘global’ to refer specifically to the earth is over

400 years old

The use of global back to 1640 and globalization to 1951

German: Weltanschauung – all encompassing idea of the

universe and of man’s relation to it

France – modialisation and globalization

Marshal McLuhan - ‘global village’.

Levitt - ‘Globalization of Markets’

Measuring globalization

level of nation-state • KOF: The Swiss Institute for Business Cycle

Research (the Konjunkturforschungsstelle, der ETH Zurich

• ATK/FP: Management consultancy firm A.T Kearney and Foreign Policy magazine A.T. Kearny/Foreign Policy globalization index

level of organization (MNC)• TNI: UNCTAD’s Transnationality Index

• Foreign assets to total assets• Foreign sales to total sales• Foreign employment to total employment

Paradoxes of Globalization

Philosophical paradox Logical paradox

Economic paradox

Americanization paradox

Emotional paradox

The future of globalization

Re-emergence

of the political as the world’s

key organizing principle

Reversal of some cultural

flows

Middle class world

ConclusionGlobalization is not a human invention, it is an unintended consequence of human life and human behavior in earth

Part of natural evolution of humanity

Fuller understanding of globalization emerge only from multiple perspectives, across multiple disciplines

Sheer scale, intensity and speed of contemporary cross-border cultural interaction and exchange due to technological innovations in transportation, information processing, and communication, political and

ideological developments (Prasad & Prasad, 2007)

Globalization of markets involves the emergence of

global supply chains, internationalization of wholesale, retail and

transportation firms and development of sales via the

internet (Mattson, 2003)

Globalization is the second modern wave of Value

Migration – the flow of value from old, obsolete business

designs to new, more economically effective ones (Slywotzky, Baumgartner,

Alberts & Moukanas, 2006)

conditions integrating globalization theory and

holistic corporate philosophy include convergence of products, technology,

convergence of markets, standard products, Joint

alliances, low prices, fixed costs, modernity, global

sourcing, harmony (Kustin, 1993)

Globalization is a phenomenon that explains the changes of human civilization and

development

Construction and deconstruction of human processes and systems

Rapid, intensified, radical evolution and interchange of cultural influences within and

among subsystems

Whether for or against it, organizations must address issues engulfing globalization for competitive advantage, sustainability and

strategic planning

Keep an open and quantum mind – possibilities are endless

Innovation, flexibility, adaptability, visionary

ReferencesKustin, R. (1993). A philosophy for globalization. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 11(2), 4. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/213117499?accountid=50192

Conversi, Daniele (2010) 'The limits of cultural globalisation?', Journal of Critical Globalisation Studies, 3, pp. 36–59.

Mattsson, L. (2003). Reorganization of distribution in globalization of markets: The dynamic context of supply chain management. Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 416-426. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/216865468?accountid=50192

Prasad, A., & Prasad, P. (2007). Mix, flux and flows: The globalization of culture and its implications for management and organizations. Journal of Global Business Issues, 1(2), 11-20. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223745326?accountid=50192

Slywotzky, A., Baumgartner, P., Alberts, L., & Moukanas, H. (2006). Are you enjoying globalization yet? the surprising implications for business. The Journal of Business Strategy, 27(4), 23-32. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660610677100