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Varied cultures of AsiaCultures and Traditons
Which cultures we will Study?
1. Korean2. Chinese3. Malaysian4. Japanese
Firstly, what is Culture??
The ideas, customs, and social behavior of particular people or a society is generally known as culture.
A culture is a way of life of a group of people.
Introducing Korea!
Where is Korea Located?Korea is located on the continent of Asia. Can
you find Asia on the world map?
About the Culture of
Korea:
ClothingFoodSportsReligious BelievesEducationOccupations
(Contents)
What kind of clothing is worn in Korea?
A traditional dress for a woman is called a hanbok.
A hanbok has a short jacket called a jeogori and a long skirt called a chima.
Can you point out the jeogori and chima in the photograph? http://www.lifeinkorea.com/pictures/tcs10.jpg
Jeogori
Chima
Men also wore a jeogori, but theirs is much longer.
Men wore baggy pants, which were comfortable to wear when farming and sitting on the floor.
http://www.mcewenonline.com/KR28-Older_Couple1.jpg
Traditional HanbokThe Upper class
wore lots of red, yellow, blue, black
These represent- fire, earth, water, metal, and wood
Commoners wore white except for festivals and special occasions
Male Hanbok
FOOD:What kind of food is eaten in
Korea?
In Korea, rice is eaten with almost every meal. Sometimes it is mixed with vegetables or meats.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__lhHneoCJ2U/SD67hr4T http://farm1.static.flickr.com/64/196062544_1f71a0f533.jpg
Another food that is eaten with almost every meal in Korea is called kimchi. Kimchi is a spicy food made of vegetables. Many times cabbage is used to make kimchi, but sometimes other vegetables are used.
http://www.trifood.com/image/kimchi_image_final.JPG
Korean Food
Korean food consists of many small dishes usually a variety of vegetables and plenty of rice.
At times meat will be served that’s usually marinated and is usually called Korean BBQ.
Koreans also enjoy several types of fish. Traditionally, Koreans sit on the floor and eat with
chopsticks.
Famous Dishes Bibimbap- plenty of
vegetables including bean sprouts, spinach, mushrooms, cucumbers, onions, carrots, and a fried egg
Korean chicken ginseng soup- to cool & rejuvenate the body during summer
What kinds of sports are played in Korea?
Koreans enjoy many of the same sports we do. Baseball for example is very popular. Seoul, the capital of South Korea, even has three baseball teams!
There are also many interesting traditional Korean games. You may have heard of tae kwon do, which is a type of martial arts. Many people in Korea enjoy tae kwon do.
http://www.plymouthsporttaekwondo.info/images/wtf_taekwondo_athens.jpg
Another traditional Korean past time is kite flying. Many Koreans enjoy flying kites, not just children. Many people fly kites on special holidays.
http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0568a9G6Qg7Yg/340x.jpg
III. Beliefs & Values Korea is religiously very diverse23% of Koreans are Buddhist 29% are ChristianMany Koreans do not officially have a
religion however, they have many morals mostly originating from Confucianism
Buddhist Temples Buddhism culturally
diffused from China in 527 BC and was adopted by the Shilla kingdom
Several temples are built throughout Korea and differ based on the sect of Buddhism practiced
Some temples display prayer flags to remind people why they made a journey to the temple
Buddhism & the Dharma WheelThe major beliefs in
Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths and the Eight fold Path
The wheel or dharma wheel represents the path of Buddhism
The eight spokes represent the right behaviors or Eight fold Path to reach nirvana
Christianity About 18% of Koreans
are Protestant consisting mostly of Presbyterian and Methodist, introduced in 1784
About 11% of Koreans are Roman Catholic, which was introduced by the French in 1784
Korea is the second largest Christian community in all of Asia
EducationKoreans believe that education is the key to
success.A great education means you will earn
yourself a wonderful and rewarding job in which you can provide for your family and be an intricate part of the Korean economics.
Education is stressed in the home and many believe that Confucianism is the driving force behind this success driven society.
Levels of Education Primary school- 6
yearsMiddle school- 3 yearsHigh school- 3 years General High School,
vocational high school, science high school, or specialized high school
Country
Literacy rate (all)
Male Female In Year
Pakistan
58.7% 71.5% 45.3% 2015
Korea (North)
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 2015
Korea (South)
97.9% 99.2% 96.6% 2002
Literacy Definition: Age over 15 can Read and Write.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate
Occupations As with any country, Korea has several
occupations to choose fromMany people choose to work for one of the
three major companies; Hyundai, LG, or Samsung
Others become teachers and gain enormous respect
All boys must serve in the military for two years and some men make this a career
This is all about Korea
CHINA and Chinese Culture
CHINA China is located in East Asia, on the western
shore of the Pacific Ocean .It has a land area of about 9.6 million sq.km.
Capital: BeijingPopulation: 1.357 billion (2013)Government: Communist state
ETHNIC GROUPS• 91.51% Han• 1.30% Zhuang• 0.86% Manchu• 0.79% Uyghur• 0.79% Hui• 0.72% Miao• 0.65% Yi• 0.62% Tujia• 0.47% Mongol• 0.44% Tibetan• 0.26% Buyei• 0.15% Korean• 1.05% others
miao Tibetan
Mongolian Yao
CHINESE SOCIETY & CULTURE
The Culture of China is one of the world‘s oldest and most complex cultures.
RELIGION
Daoist (Taoist)BuddhistConfucianismMuslim Christian
FOOD
Chinese Cuisine Cooked Rice with Dangshen and Chinese Dates Yangshuo Beer Fish Green Bean Cake Zhejiang Specialty and Snack Deep-Fried Stuffed Lotus Roots, Shanghai Style Bite into spring Pineapple Taste: Steamed Rice with Pineapple
CHINESE ETIQUETTE
Meeting Etiquette
• Greetings are formal and the oldest person is always greeted first.
• Handshakes are the most common form of greeting with foreigners.
• Many Chinese will look towards the ground when greeting someone.
• The Chinese have a terrific sense of humor.
Etiquette for presenting Gifts
In general, gifts are given at Chinese New Year, weddings, births and more recently (because of marketing), birthdays.
CUSTOMSTraditional Chinese Weddings
CHINESE CUSTOMS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
CHINESE LANGUAGES
Chinese language is written with symbols. These symbols are called Chinese characters. There are over 100,000 Chinese characters.
Chinese language does not have alphabets. The most difficult part when studying
Chinese language is getting your tones right and learning how to read and write Chinese characters
…
Mandarin is the most widely spoken form of Chinese.
Chinese language is mostly spoken in China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia.
Chinese language (Mandarin Chinese) is one of the six official languages used by the United Nations.
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
People & Culture Malaysia has a
combined population of over 26 million people.
The multi-cultural and multi-racial population consists of Malays, Chinese, Indians and numerous natives.
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
LANGUAGES LOCAL CUSTOMS FOOD COSTUMES RELIGION EVENTS SPORTS FAMOUS PLACE
People & Culture (cont’)
Malay is the official language but English is widely spoken, especially in business.
Official religion is Islam, but its people are free to observe any religion of their choice. It is common to see temples, mosques and churches located in close proximity.
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
People & Culture (cont’)
Ethnic Groups: 59% Malay and other indigenous, 32% Chinese and 9% Indian.
Languages: Malay, English, Chinese, Tamil and other tribal languages.
Religion: Muslim (primarily Malays), Buddhism (Chinese), Hindu (Indian), Christianity.
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
MALAYSIAN COSTUMES
Local Customs
Handshakes generally suffice when greeting someone. Muslim ladies may greet with a nod of her head and smile.
Traditional greeting of "salam" resembles a handshake whereby the man offers both hands, lightly touches the visitor’s outstretched hands, and then brings his hands to his chest to mean, “I greet you from my heart".
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
Local Customs (cont’) Greeting by hugging in
Malaysia. Shoes must be removed when
entering a Mosque or an Indian temple. It is also customary to remove one’s shoes when entering a Malaysian home.
The right hand is always used when giving and receiving objects.
Pointing is normally done using the thumb as using the forefinger is considered rude.
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
In Malaysia consists of many variable of food followed by the community such as :
MUSLIM PRAY AT MOSQUE
INDIAN PRAY AT TEMPLE
CHINESE PRAY AT TEMPLE
CELEBRATE LIFE IN MULTI-RACIAL,MULTI-RELIGIOUS MALAYSIA, where there is an ASTONISHING array of cultural observances. More than just rituals and traditions, they are a way of life mutually respected by all.
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTURE
Giant KiteThe Wau Bulan
JogetTraditional Malay dances
Wayang KulitPuppet Show
POWERPOINT by Tourism Malaysia . www.tourism.gov.my
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTUREMalaysia’s Best
Martial ArtSilat
Rattan FootballSepak Takraw
Martial ArtSilat
Rattan FootballSepak Takraw
POWERPOINT by Tourism Malaysia . www.tourism.gov.my
MALAYSIA ARTS & CULTUREMalaysia’s Best
Top Spinning
GasingBatik& Songket
FAMOUS PLACE
Mulu CavesPerhentian IslandsLangkawiPetronas Twin TowersMount KinabaluTaman NegaraCameron Highlands
CONCLUSION1. A multi-racial society teaches people how
to respect and understand the religion and cultures of others. Therefore this leads to tolerance. It helps us to learn to become a good human being.
2. To be good or bad does not depend on religion. Each of the great religion of the world speaks about love, peace and tolerance.
Japanese Culture
Name of Presenter:Abdul Hanan M. Siddique
12-EE-141
Where Japan is locatedJapan is an island
country in East Asia in the Pacific Ocean
East of China, Korea, and Russia
“Land of the Rising Sun”
Geographic Features of Japan
Over 3,000 islands Largest islands
Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku
4 largest islands accounts for 97% of land area.
Most islands are mountainous (many volcanic) Mount Fuji
World’s 10th largest population ~128 million people
The Greater Tokyo Area Largest metropolitan area in
the world
Time: Past, Present, Future
Past: Isolated from foreign influence (250 yrs.). 1854 – Japan opened its ports and began to intensively
modernize & industrialize. Economic Power (WWII)
Present: Emperor
Symbol of national unity Actual power rests in networks of powerful politicians,
bureaucrats, & business executives Economy
Still remains a major economic power, both in Asia and globally.
Future: Continue to prosper (?)
Customs and Traditions Traditional Japanese Wedding
Engagement Gifts Gift to the Groom
Hakama Pants/Skirt - Fidelity Gift to the Bride
“Obi” Kimono Sash – Female Virtue Wedding Ceremony
The Shinto wedding is performed before a Shinto sanctuary.
San-san-kudo," a ceremony of three-times-three exchange of nuptial cups, is performed by the bridegroom and bride.
Offering of twigs of "Sakaki" sacred tree in worship to gods to end the main part of the wedding ceremony.
Customs and Traditions
Customs and Traditions Tea Ceremony
Influenced by Zen Buddhism with the intention of purifying the soul & becoming one with nature.
Ritual tea drinking originated in China.
Ceremony is performed in a tea house (garden).
Water represents yin and fire in the hearth represents yang.“yin-yang” – “heaven & earth”
Religion Buddhism
96% of Japan's population is Buddhist
Shintoism Animistic belief system Native religion of Japan Was once the state religion “The Way of the Gods”
05/01/2023 69
Art & Crafts• Japan developed a unique original culture in various mediums;
• Arts
• Crafts
• Performances
• Traditions Ikebana
Origami
Ukivo-e
PotteryLacquer ware Dolls
Noh BunrakuKabuki
Traditional Tea Ceremony
Onsen Sento
Origami
05/01/2023 70
Language and Dialects• Japanese is the sixth most spoken language in the
world
• Japanese uses four different writing systems; Kanji (Chinese characters) Hiragana (phonetic alphabet for native words) Katakana (phonetic alphabet for foreign words) Romaji (western alphabet used to write Japanese)
• Dialects are used in areas, particularly in Kyoto and Osaka, but standard Japanese, based on the speech of Tokyo, has become more popular through the use of television, radio and movies.
• Japanese is written using two systems of orthography, Chinese characters and syllabifies.
Celebrations Festivals celebrating the seasons and annual cultural events New Year Festival – January 1st Seasonal Change – Setsubun – Feb. 3rd or 4th
Doll Festival - Hina Matsuri – March 3rd
Children's Day (Boys' Day) – May 5th
Tanabata Festival – July 7th Bon Festival – August 15th
Local festivals • Lunar New Year • Autumn Harvest Festivals • Summer festivals
• Nebuta Festival • Okunchi Festival • Sanja Festival
Education Spend 240 days a year at school School day begins at 8:30am & ends at 6:30pm Students behavior is regulated by school policy
Stand on the buses and trains Students clean the school
Teachers move from room to room Cram School
Preparation for high school & university entrance examination
Scores determine what school you attend Most prestigious universities
University of Tokyo Kyoto University
Japanese Food
Tonkotsu Noodle Soup
Yakitori Chicken
Vegetable Tempura
Sashimi
05/01/2023 75
Japanese Culture as Export
• 10% of GNP is ‘cultural export’ material
• 300% growth in cultural exports between 1996-2008
• Foreign Ministry have started traveling abroad to introduce Japanese pop culture to young people overseas.
• Anime, manga and cosplay are part of “Japanese youth culture” and have proven surprisingly popular with young people around the world.
• Akihabara a district in the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, Japan, is famous for video games, anime, manga, and computer goods
References
http://www.japan-guide.com, 9/5/07, 9/11/07http://spice.stanford.edu, 9/5/07http://findarticles.com, 9/5/07http://www.amphi.com, 9/11/07http://mothra.rerf.or.jp/ENG/Hiroshima/Things/
81.html, 9/11/07https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
world-factbook, 9/11/07
Arigato!!