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MAN A SOCIAL ANIMAL
The child becomes a man or person through variety of experiences.
Every society prescribes its own way and means of giving social training to its new born members so that they may develop their own personality.
The process of socialization is conditioned by culture.
Socialization means the process whereby an individual becomes a functioning member of the society
TYPES OF SOCIALISATION
Ian Robertson (1977) has mentioned four types of socialization. Primary socialization
It takes place in the early years of life of the newborn. It concentrates on the teaching of language and cognitive skills, establishment of emotional ties, and appreciation of other roles.
Anticipatory socialization Men not only learn the culture of the group of which they
immediate member. They may also learn the culture group to which they do not belong.
Developmental socialization This kind of learning is based on the achievements of
primary socialization. It builds on already acquired skills and knowledge as
the adult progresses through new situations such as marriage and job.
Re-Socialization ‘Re-socialization’- “the stripping away of learned
patterns and substitution of new ones for them”
Factors of process of socialization
Imitation
Children imitate others
Language acquired by imitation
Suggestion Process of communicating information
Suggestion influences behaviour
Identification Through identification he becomes sociable
Language By language one learns folkways , morals.
Theories of Socialization
George Herbert Mead’s Theory of ‘self’ ‘the individual, largely through interaction, becomes aware of
himself’.
The individual in order to get a picture of himself, plays the role of others.
The child tries to understand the relative roles of various individuals involved in the same social context.
The ‘self’ is a product of social interaction. It arises in ‘social experience’.
Durkheim’s Theory of ‘Collective Representation’ The individual becomes socialized by adopting the
behaviour of his group.
‘Collective representation’ is “the body of experiences, ideas and ideals of a group upon which the individual unconsciously depends for his ideas, attitudes and behaviours”.
‘Collective representation’ have a great force because they collectively created and developed.
Agents of socialisation
FAMILY
Primary and chief agent of socialisation upto first 5 years
Family provides a child first social contact with the world.
Parents shape personality and also guide behaviour using rewards and punishments.
SCHOOL
The school helps the child to adapt to social order through the hidden curriculum and functions in order to prepare the latter for a stable adult life.
school is specialised to impart certain technical, intellectual skills and cultural heritage of society so that the individual is able to integrate society
PEER GROUPS
Peer group are usually people who are of the same age and have similar status
As an adult, criteria is usually based on common interests, activities, similar income level and status
Learn to make relationships and work together within a group
THE MASS MEDIA
In the modern times, the mass media exerts a powerful socialising influence
the media can create, manage and control our impressions of what should be seen as real, important and normative