GROUP MEMBERS

UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

Ungku Intan Dianna Binti Ungku A Bakar

Noorul Ashikin Binti Zulkarnain Mohammed Rezaul Karim Chwa See Chew Wong Chee Leong

ETHNIC RELATION IN SABAH & SARAWAK

A Discourse in the difference ethnic group

OBJECTIVE

to study the history of Sabah and Sarawak.

to identify the background of certain ethnic in Sabah and Sarawak.

to identify the similarities and difference between those ethnics.

to highlights the ethnic relationship in Sabah and Sarawak.

Introduction

SARAWAK

The Brooke dynasty ruled Sarawak for a hundred years

James Brooke was appointed Raja by the Sultan of Brunei on 18 August 1842

Sarawak was officially granted independence on 22 July 1963 (joined with Malaya, Sabah, and Singapore, in the federation of Malaysia.)

home to 27 ethnic groups, each with own distinct language and culture.

Orang Ulu

The various Orang Ulu ethnics together make up roughly 6% of Sarawak's population.

Major tribes making up the Orang Ulu group include:

Kayan Lun Bawang Kelabit Kenyah Penan Bisaya

 

Kelabit

close ties to the Lun Bawang live in inherited longhouses and

practice a generations-old form of agriculture.

Population:approximately 5,000 people.

Ethnic group received visits from Christian missionaries. The Kelabit are now predominantly Christian

Bidayuh

sometimes referred as “Land Dayaks”.

second largest Dayak ethnic group in Sarawak.

worked by rotational agriculture and hunting based around farms.

Today, almost all the traditional longhouse-villages have been replaced by individual houses.

Fruit trees especially Durian remain important property of market.

Iban

known as “Sea Dayaks” by British. largest people group in Sarawak main indigenous people group in Brunei main occupation is farming, hunt wild animal

in the jungle. the weapons used are the blowpipe.

Nowadays, they trained dog to run down their prey.

lived in longhouses. Nowadays, begin to abandon the longhouse

style of living No longer rely on the forest’s resources to

survive. Instead, they are migrating to the cities.

they are mostly Christians and Muslim

The way to use the blowpipe

Melanau Malanau are considered among the earliest settlers in

Sarawak. They make up about 6% of Sarawak’s total population. They have never called themselves as Malanau until

recently. They call themselves ‘alikou’ meaning people of the

river. Then, where is the name Malanau come from? Most of them are farmers, fisherman, sago producers,

and traders. They have abandoned their original religion-Liko.

Nowadays, Majority of them are either Christians or Muslims.

Sarawak Malays

originally migrated from Sumatra. Basically, speak language (called

Bahasa Melayu Sarawak) lived along the coast and worked as

fishermen. Definitely, they are Muslim... Huge majority of the Malays in

Sarawak were not actually Malays but ethnics of Indonesian origin

Sabah Negeri Di Bawah Bayu

1761- Alexander Dalrymple,concluded an agreement with the Sultan of Sulu.

1846 -the island of Labuan, in the West Coast of Sabah, was ceded to Britain by the Sultan of Brunei

1848 - it became a British Crown Colony. Following the series of transfers, the rights to North

Borneo were transferred to Alfred Dent, whom in 1881 formed the British North Borneo Provisional Association

In the following year, British North Borneo Company was formed and Kudat was made its capital.

The Cocos

Originally from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Scottish and Malay decent. The Orang Cocos of Sabah are mostly living in

Lahad Datu, Kunak, Sandakan and in Tawau. The Cocos Malays are originated from the

descendents of Malays settler from the British colonies.

Most of Malays follow the Sunni branches of Islam. other cultural element : marriage ritual, dances,

social gathering and traditional delicacies. Their ancestors in Cocos Island worked in coconut

plantations owned by the English.

Lun Dayeh

indigenous to the highlands of east Kalimantan, Brunei, South West of Sabah and Northern of Sarawak.

In Sarawak, Lun Dayeh are officially recognized by the Constitution as the native of Sarawak (categorized under the Orang Ulu people)

Lun Dayeh are related to the rice plantation and they cultivate both rice on hill and on the paddy field.

Practiced an ancient tradition of secondary treatment of the dead.

Bisaya Located in western Sabah

along the northern coast of Brunei Bay and also in northern Sarawak along the rivers which flow into Brunei Bay.

Primarily farmers, with rice being their staple crop.

Women gather plants and jungle products for food, medicines, resin, and other supplies.

Family members of a long house share house repairs, observe the same taboos, and share major rituals.

Kadazandusun

largest ethnic culture that revolves heavily around

the cultivation of rice various delicacies and alcoholic

drinks using rice ‘Bobohizan’ ‘Tadau Ka’amatan’

Bajau

second largest ethic group

boat-dwelling nomadic folks

weaving and needlework skills

cowboys of Sabah

Murut

third largest ethic group 'hillpeople‘ Interior Division:Tenom, Keningau

and Pensiangan communal longhouses Hunting with blowpipe

SARAWAK

Ethnics Population

IbanChineseMalayBidayuhMelanauOrang UluOthers

SABAHpopulation estimates based on ethnic

groups in 2010

Kadazan-DusunBajauMalayMurutOther BumiputraChineseOther non-BumiputraNon-Malaysian cit-izens

The similarities and differences in ethnic relationship in Sabah and Sarawak

SIMILARITIES

Most of them use agriculture as a source of food.

Some of them are still practicing their ancestor believes.

Living near to the lake for the daily routines and other purpose.

DIFFERENCES

Bringing new culture to their ethnic.

Have different skills of hunting.

Belief and rituals. Religion

Common ancestor but different ethnic

Sea dayak (iban) SARAWAK

Kelabit (orang Ulu)

SARAWAK

Land dayak (bidayuh)

SARAWAK

Lun bawang/ Lun dayeh

(orang ulu-SARAWAK)/SABAH

Longhouses

Conclusion playing the critical role that represents

Malaysia’s richness in culture and, of course, unity in diversity.

different background and development process led them to practice different religious and beliefs.

resulting many kinds of lifestyles available all over Malaysia

Sarawak consists of more than 40 ethnic groups

Sabah has more than 32 recognized ethnics group