Presentation By: Ana Naz

The Word ‘State’ apart from its conceptual linkage with such terms

Use of Terminology

NationBody PoliticCountry or Government

Aristotle Regarded:“ Aggregation of different families and

villages organized for the purpose of providing facilities for the promotion of a happy and prosperous life.”

DEFINITION

Other PerceptionsAccording to Joh-W. Burgess:

“ State is a particular portion of life mankind views as an organized unit.”

Bluntschli regards:“ The politically-organized people of

definite territory.”

Essential ElementsFour essential Elements constitute a state:

PopulationTerritoryGovernmentSovereignty

In the absence of population, the idea of any human organization cannot be conceived.Population of state include aliens as well who are not given political rights.

i. Sizeii. Modern Approachiii. Population Growthiv. New Trends

Population

Territory differentiates a state from a nomadic people (Border of two countries).

Modern concept of nationhood is also based on common territory know as territorial nationalism.Features:

Vastness of Territory Modern Period Location

Territory

An organ of state through which the will of state is formulated and expressed.

Change in the Government of a state does not affect its legal position in the eyes of International law.

Government exercises its authority on behalf of state.

After change, new regime starts exercising its legitimate authority.

Government

Most essential element of state that signifies its paramount position to command unconditional obedience from its citizens and the groups of thereof.

It implies that state is free from any external control.

Dual Aspect of SovereigntyInternal Aspect:

“Laws of state are the source of all powers and authority within its territorial limits.”

External Aspect:“It signifies the independence of state

from external control.”

United Nations recognizes equal sovereign status of all member states.

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