Intro to cj ch 12 ppt

CJ2015James A. Fagin

Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved

Introduction to Criminal Justice,McKenzie Wood

Fagin, CJ2015

Chapter 12: Corrections in the Community



12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

Summarize the role of community corrections sanctions incorrections.

List the various community corrections sanctions andexplain how they differ from traditional early-release

programs.

Explain how community corrections programs promotesuccessful reentry into the community.

Summarize the role of reentry programs for drugoffenders.

CHAPTER OUTCOMES



12.1Summarize the role of community corrections sanctions incorrections.

Learning ObjectiveAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes



Why Do Prisoners Return to Prison?12.1

1. Prisoners are not successful members of society to begin with.

2. Once incarcerated, prison did little to improve their lot, and many argue that prison only makes it more difficult for these people to live successful lives within the law.

3. Most have substance abuse issues which are not treated.

4. Many have physical or mental disabilities.

5. Almost half of incarcerated inmates have not completed high school.



Early Release Options12.1

• Traditional incarceration, probation, and parole are failing to stem the tide of prisoners returning to prison after their release.

• As a result, the criminal justice system is turning to new sanctions for offenders. These sanctions are known as intermediate sanctions —sanctions between prison and traditional probation and parole.



Early Release Options12.1

•Incarcerating offenders is a huge expense and despite the record number of people sentenced to prison, a record number are being released.

•Reasons for new approaches are due to the high amount of released offenders re-offending, a lack of support for successful reentry, and the ineffectiveness of parole.



Community-Based Corrections12.1

• As these unprecedented numbers of offenders go home, their failure results in other social problems, such as increases in child abuse, family violence, the spread of infectious diseases, homelessness, and community disorganization.

• Community-based corrections are sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison, such as boot camp, house arrest, community service, electronic monitoring, and supervision in the community after a sentence of incarceration has been served.



Community-Based Corrections12.1

• Citizen opposition to locating community-based programs in their neighborhoods is one of the primary obstacles to community-based corrections.

• Community opposition to locating prisons and correctional facilities in their neighborhood is so strong and common that there is a name for it— NIMBY, or "not in my back yard."



12.2List the various community corrections sanctions and explain how they differ from traditional early-release programs.




Intermediate Sanctions & Community Corrections12.2

• Community-based intermediate sanctions are correctional punishments other than imprisonment that are designed to reduce the prison population, promote the successful reentry of the offender into the community, and protect the community.

• Many early programs addressed pressing concerns of prison overcrowding and skyrocketing costs and were not built on research and experimentation related to criminological or correctional theory.




• Returning prisoners who cannot rejoin the community as law-abiding citizens can have a detrimental impact on the community's quality of life.

• Probation is the conditional release of a convicted offender prior to his or her serving any prison time.




IntensiveProbation

Supervision(IPS)

IntensiveProbation

Supervision(IPS)

Split Sentencing

andShock

Probation

Split Sentencing

andShock

Probation

Shock Incarceratio

n:Boot Camps

Shock Incarceratio

n:Boot Camps

HomeConfinement

HomeConfinement

Probation supervised by probation and parole officers with smaller caseloads, placing a greater

emphasis on compliance with the conditionsof supervision.

Both sentences are similar in their goal of

impressing on offenders the

possible consequences of their behavior by exposing them to a brief period of imprisonment

before probation.

Shock incarceration

programs adapt military-style

physical fitness and discipline training to the correctional

environment, as in basic training in

military boot camp.

The sentence of home

confinement is a kind of probation

or suspended sentence that more greatly restricts the

freedom of the offender in the

community.



Split Sentencing & Shock Probation12.2

Split Sentencing

An intermediatesanction where, after a

briefperiod of imprisonment,

thejudge brings the

offender back to court and offers the option of

probation.

Shock Probation

A sentence for a first-time nonviolent offender who

was not expecting a sentence, intended to

impress on the offender the possible consequences of his or her behavior by being exposed to a brief period of imprisonment

before probation.



12.3Explain how community corrections programs promote successful reentry into the community.




Reentry Programs12.3

• In addition to the intermediate sanctions of IPS, shock probation, shock incarceration, home confinement, and electronic monitoring, there is a need for programs that focus on preparing inmates for reentry rather than punishing them.

• Many states and the federal system has recognized the importance of reentry programs.

• Federal legislation and funding has been channeled to reentry programs designed to assist individuals released from prison.



Reentry Programs12.3

Government-sponsored reentry initiatives include:

•The Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative•The Council of State Governments Reentry Project•The Federal Bureau of Prisons National Institute of Corrections•The National Reentry Resource Center



Faith-Based Programs12.3

• Faith-based programs are programs provided by religious-based and church-affiliated groups. Their role in rehabilitation is controversial because they receive federal money and may combine religious instruction with rehabilitation.

• The faith-based rehabilitation movement extends beyond community services and reaches into the prisons.

• Many prisons are allowing faith-based groups to provide programs such as vocational classes combined with religious instruction inside the prisons in an effort to prepare offenders for release.

• The American Civil Liberties Union opposes faith-based groups receiving government money for their programs, claiming it is a violation of the separation of church and state.



Work Release12.3

•Work release is a program that allows facilities to release inmates for paid work in the community.

•Work release programs were first initiated under Wisconsin's Huber Law in 1913, but they did not become commonplace until the latter half of the twentieth century.

•Wisconsin's Huber Law permitted county correctional facilities to release misdemeanants for paid work in the community.

•By 1975, all 50 states and the federal system had some form of work release operating.

•Finding employment and keeping a job is more difficult for offenders than average citizens.



Obstacles to Employment12.3

Lack ofdocumentation

required byemployers

Lack ofdocumentation

required byemployers

Lack of basic job

skills, motivation,

and attitude

Lack of basic job

skills, motivation,

and attitude

Lack of knowledge of how to find a

job

Lack of knowledge of how to find a

job

Prejudice againsthiring

ex-offenders

Prejudice againsthiring

ex-offenders



Education Release12.3

• Education release is a program in which inmates are released to attend college or vocational programs.

• The typical education-release program for prisoners in community corrections facilities gives them the opportunity to attend vocational, college, or university classes but requires them to return to the community corrections facility each day.

• When educational release is a part of an inmate's parole plan, the inmate is required to attend a vocational training program, community college, or university rather than go to a full-time job.



Halfway Houses and Day Reporting Centers12.3

Halfway House

A halfway house is a transition program that allows inmates to move

from prison to the community in steps.

Day Reporting Center

A day reporting center is an intermediate

sanction to provide a gradual adjustment to reentry under closely supervised conditions.



12.4 Summarize the role of reentry programs for drug offenders.




Reentry Programs for Drug Offenders12.4

• Drug offenders consume considerable resources of the criminal justice system.

• In response to the increased frequency of drug crimes, the criminal justice system has enhanced drug law enforcement efforts and has adopted a "get tough" sentencing policy for drug offenders.

• However, enhanced enforcement and tough sentencing policies have failed to stem the number of drug offenders.

• A new strategy to break the cycle of drug use and crime that has led to the revolving door syndrome for drug offenders has been the drug court.



Adult Drug Courts12.4

• The drug court is an approach that provides drug offenders the opportunity for intermediate sanctions, community treatment, and intensive probation supervision instead of prison time.

• The main purpose of drug court is:

1. To get offenders clean and sober 2. To compel offenders to participate in a

comprehensive treatment program while being monitored under strict conditions for drug use



Adult Drug Courts12.4

•Almost all drug courts require participants to do the following:

1. Obtain a GED if they have not finished high school

2. Maintain or obtain employment3. Be current in all financial obligations (including

drug court fees and any court-ordered support payments)

4. Have a sponsor in the community



Positive Results of Drug Courts12.4

By eliminating the revolving door syndrome (repeated arrest and incarceration), drug court programs not only save on the cost of incarcerating repeat offenders, but also save police, prosecutors, and courts the additional costs of processing the offenders through the system.



Tribal Drug Courts12.4

• Unique problems of crime on Native American reservations include a disproportionately high rate compared to general crime statistics.

• Tribal drug courts generally are called Tribal Healing to Wellness Courts.

• Tribal Healing to Wellness Courts may use traditional treatment processes involving tribal elders, traditional healing ceremonies, talking circles, peacemaking, sweats and sweat lodge visits with a medicine man or woman, the sun dance, and a vision quest.

• Tribal courts have challenges including jurisdictional barriers, unique cultural needs of each tribe, high volume of alcohol abuse cases, lack of resources, and isolated rural locations.



TASC and RSAT12.4

Treatment Accountability forSafer Communities

(TASC)

A federal assistance program that helps

states break the addiction crime

cycle.

Residential Substance AbuseTreatment (RSAT)

A federal assistance program that helps

states provide treatment instead of prison for substance

abusers.



Community-based corrections are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison, such as boot camps, house arrest, community service, and electronic

monitoring. However, many communities are opposed to community-based facilities being located in their

neighborhoods.

Community-based intermediate sanctions are correctional programs other than imprisonment designed to reduce the prison population and

promote successful reentry into the community. They include intensive probation supervision (IPS), split

sentencing, shock probation, boot camps, and home confinement with electronic monitoring.

12.1

12.2

CHAPTER SUMMARY



For the criminal justice system, drug offenders account for a considerable amount of time and money. A new approach to assist offenders in

breaking this cycle of drug usage has led to the creation of drug court. Here, strict guidelines are

established for the defendant to comply with while in rehabilitation. If the defendant is admitted to drug

court, the focus is on drug treatment, not punishment.

12.4

Programs may utilize treatment and therapeutic programs, work-release programs, education-release programs, halfway houses, day reporting centers, and drug-treatment programs. A goal of reentry programs is to improve the supervision of released offenders by

enhancing surveillance and monitoring, strengthening individual and community support systems, and mending the harm done to victims.

12.3

CHAPTER SUMMARY