International standard for chemical safety ghs canada

International Standard for Chemical SafetyGlobally Harmonized System of

Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

UNITAR PAG(United Nations Institute for

Training and ResearchProgramme Advisory Group)

Target Audience of GHS

• Employers• Workers• Transport workers• Consumers• Emergency responders

Lets talk about those CHEMICAL Agents

Chemical Agents Any substance that has one or more of characteristics that are

toxic for reproduction and dangerous for the environment like being explosive, oxidizing, easily flammable, flammable, toxic, very toxic, hazardous, corrosive, irritating, allergic, carcinogen, mutagen.

Any chemical agent that is not mentioned in the classifications above but due to its chemical, physico-chemical, or toxicological properties, and the way it is used or present in the workplace, present a risk to the safety and health of workers.

Chemical agents with established occupational exposure limit value.

Why is it so important WELL!

Hazard is the intrinsic capacity of a chemical agent to cause harm.

Risk is the likelihood that the potential for harm will be attained

under the conditions of use and/or exposure.

Exposure to chemical agents is any work situation in which a

chemical agent is present and the worker comes into contact with

this agent, normally through the skin or via inhalation.

Chemical agents can cause harm;

1. either directly,

2. or by producing some form of energy (such as fire or explosion).

2. The Hazard Associated with Chemicals

Action Diagram for Risk Assesment and Resulting Actions

For the 1st case;

Harm can become apparent rapidly or even immediately after contact (Acute

Effect)

Or appear in the long term due to repeated exposure over time

(Chronic Effect)

If the harm is apparent at the point of the contact of chemical and the body

Local Effect

Or if may appear following a process of absorption and

distribution through the body Systemic Effect

The Hazard Associated with Chemicals

For the 2nd case;

The harm is caused by the energy produced by the fire or explosion

of chemical agents.

Explosions occur when a sudden oxidation or decomposition

reaction occurs producing a temperature and pressure rise or both

simultaneously. .

The Harm Caused by Chemicals

Chemical agents present in workplace may pose risks to health and safety on account of;

1. Their hazardous properties (physico-chemical or toxicological) (e.g. explosive or sensitiser)

2. The temperature or pressure at which they occur in the workplace (e.g. water vapor at

150°C)

3. Their capacity to displace the atmospheric oxygen from the workplace (e.g. pressurized

inert gas)

4. The manner in which they are present in the workplace (e.g. inert solid in the form of a

breathable powder)

The Hazard Posed by Chemicals

1. The risk of fire and/or explosion,

2. Risk generated due to the hazardous chemical reactions which may

affect the health and safety of workers,

3. Risk due to inhalation,

4. Risk due to absorption through the skin,

5. Risk due to contact with skin or eyes,

6. Risk due to ingestion,

Risk Assesment of ChemicalsRisks to be assessed;

What is the GHS? A common and coherent approach

– To define and classify hazards– To communicate information on labels and safety data

sheets (SDS)

A simple and transparent method guided by

• Classification criteria• Label requirements• SDS requirements

What is the objective of the GHS?

• To enhance the protection of human health and the environment

Benefits of GHS Adoption• Protection of humans and environment around the

world will be enhanced.

• International trade in chemicals will be facilitated.

• An internationally maintained system will be made available to all nations.

• Avoidance of duplication of testing and evaluation of chemicals to determine their hazardous effects will be ensured.

Issues in Hazard information

• No one country has the ability to identify and regulate ALL hazardous chemicals and chemical products.

• Requirements for hazard definition, label or safety data sheet may differ from country to country.

• The GHS of Classifying and Labelling of Chemicals:• Comprehensive tool that harmonises chemical classification and hazard

communication.

What is the GHS?

• Harmonised criteria for classification – physical, health and environmental• Applies criteria to classify chemicals based on intrinsic hazards• Covers single substances, solutions and mixtures.

• Communicates hazard information of hazardous chemicals on labelling and safety data sheets.• Hazard classes• Symbols, signal words and hazard and precautionary phrases• Standardised Safety Data Sheet format.

• Some changes to systems are required and will be obvious to end users.• Training for staff to understand GHS

Why was the GHS developed?

• Many different systems existed worldwide, with differing requirements:• Vary in hazards covered and classification criteria used• Information required on labels and SDS varied• Result = disparity in the information provided.

• Some countries have little or no requirements in force.• Often levels of literacy are low• Desire to improved the safety outcomes in these countries?

• Hazards are an intrinsic property of a chemical. Classification should be consistent!

• Often leads to conflicting and inconsistent classifications and safety information:• Chemicals are often classified differently (even in the same country).• Labelling and SDS requirements vary from country to country.

?ADG CodeWHMIS (Canada) European Union

• Hazard symbols / pictograms

What do all these symbols mean?

• The ADG Code has no symbol for chronic/severe health effects.• The GHS standardises these symbols on labels/SDS

Why was the GHS developed?

Why was the GHS developed?• Labelling inconsistencies

• The GHS would be based on the classification of intrinsic properties of chemicals on a hazard-based approach and would include:

• Physical hazards• Health hazards• Environmental hazards

The GHS – Fundamental approach

• One chemical, one classification.

• If validated data exists for a chemical, then it should be useable for classification.

• The GHS needed to be comprehensible• Need to make it easily understandable for everyone• Minimal training required

The GHS – Scope and ApplicationHow does it work?

• A chemical is classified against the criteria of each hazard class and category under:• Physical hazards• Health hazards• Environmental hazards (not mandatory)

• If it meets the criteria of the GHS in one or more class, it is a hazardous chemical.• Some hazard classes are excluded by the WHS Regulations.• Hazardous chemicals include a single substance, mixture or article.

• Each hazard class is split into:• Divisions (explosives only)• Categories• Types (applies to organic peroxides and self-reacting substances).

• Hazards information is prescribed to end users: • Symbols (pictograms)• Signal words• Hazard statements, and• Precautionary statements.

The GHS – Scope and ApplicationHow does it work?

• These elements are then put onto:• Labels• Safety data sheets

Hazard communication – Labels• A label is the written, printed, or graphical information that is affixed to, printed on or

attached to the container of a hazardous chemical.

• Harmonised elements under the GHS• Signal words

Indicate the relative severity of the intrinsic hazards

• PictogramsSymbols signifying hazards of chemical, e.g.

• Hazard statementsPhrase describing the nature of the hazards a chemical possesses

• Precautionary statementsA phrase describing measures to be taken to minimise adverse effects of exposure to, or improper handling of, a hazardous chemical (Prevention, Response, Storage, Disposal).

The GHS – Signal words

• Signal words are prominently displayed words on labelling to:• Alert the label reader to a potential hazard, and• Indicate the relative severity of the hazard

• There are two signal words used on label in the GHS. These are:• DANGER• WARNING

• DANGER indicates a higher severity of hazard compared to WARNING

• Under the previous systems, signal words included:• Danger, Warning, Hazardous, Poison, Dangerous Poison

• The GHS prescribes 9 pictograms to convey the hazards of chemicals

The GHS – Pictograms

• Two new symbols are introduced• All relevant pictograms will appear on label (according to the prioritisation rules).

• In practice more than 4 pictograms is very rare

Exploding bomb Explosives

Flame Flammables

Flame over circle Oxidisers

Gas cylinder Gases under pressure

Corrosion Corrosives

Skull and crossbones Acute toxicity

Environment Environmental hazard

Exclamation mark Harmful/irritant Harmful to ozone layer

Health hazard Severe health hazards

The GHS – Pictograms• The GHS also allows dangerous goods class labels to be displayed on labelling and safety data

sheets.• There are no equivalents to the “exclamation mark” and “health hazard” pictograms.

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9

Dangerous Goods Class

Possible issue with flammable chemicals?

• 6 different “flammable” symbols become one – intrinsic hazard not always obvious at a glance.• Read label e.g. In contact with water releases flammable gas• NO CHANGE TO PLACARDS - DG symbol still required

• Did anyone spot a possible issue with flammable symbols?

The GHS – Hazard statements• Describe the nature of the hazards covered by the GHS and the degree of severity.

• Examples include:• Extremely flammable liquid and vapour (Cat. 1)

• Highly flammable liquid and vapour (Cat. 2)• Flammable liquid and vapour (Cat. 3)

• Combustible liquid (Cat. 4)• May cause cancer (Cat. 1)

• Suspected of causing cancer (Cat. 2)

• Hazard statements are equivalent to Risk Phrases under the Approved Criteria.• Extremely flammable (R12)

• Highly flammable (R11)• Flammable (R10)

• May cause cancer (R45)• Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect (R40)

The GHS – Precautionary statements• Describe measures recommended to prevent or minimise:

• The adverse effects of exposure to a hazardous chemical, or• Improper handling of a hazardous chemical.

• Each hazard class / category has several associated precautionary phrases.• Prevention, Response, Storage, Disposal.

• For example, for a flammable liquid, the following statements may apply:

• Keep away from sparks and open flames. No smoking. (Prevention)• In case of fire: Use powder for extinction (Response)• Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. (Storage)• Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. (Disposal)

The GHS – Other information on labels

• Product identifier (and ingredient proportions)

• Supplier / manufacturer details

• Supplementary information , where applicable, such as:• hazard classes and hazard statements not specifically covered by the GHS• expiry or retest date.• UN number

Examples of GHS labels

Product identifier

Ingredient proportions

Hazard pictograms

Precautionary statements

Supplier information

Signal word

Hazard statements

DG Class Labels

Examples of GHS labelsLabel suitable for transport

• When the label does not have enough space, some label elements can be omitted.• The Safety Data Sheet contains more detailed information

Examples of GHS labelsLabel for small container

Refer to SDS

The GHS – Safety Data SheetsSECTION 2: HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION

Classification of the substance or mixtureFlammable liquids (Category 2); Acute toxicity – Oral (Category 3)Skin irritation (Category 2); Carcinogenicity (Category 1A)Aspiration toxicity (Category 1)

Label elementsPictograms:

Signal word: DANGER

Hazard statement(s):H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapourH301 Toxic if swallowedH315 Causes skin irritationH350 May cause cancerH304 May be fatal if swallowed and enter airways

Precautionary statements:P210 Keep away from sparks and open flames. No smokingP233 Keep container tightly closed

Flame Skull and crossbones

Health hazard

Work place Labels

GHS as a basis for Chemical management

Safe Use of Chemicals

RiskManagement

system

Hazard Communication(GHS Labels and SDS)

GHS Classification

Hazard statements, definition and coding

A hazard statement is a phrase, assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature / intrinsic property of a hazardous product as well as the hazard level.

Hazard statement group2 Physical hazards3 hazards4 al hazards

H300 – Fatal if swallowedHazard statement

Sequence in the group

H300 – Fatal if swallowedHazard statement

Precautionary statements, definition and coding

A hazard statement is a phrase, assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature / intrinsic property of a hazardous product as well as the hazard level.

Precautionary statement group2 Prevention

3 Response4 Storage5 Disposal

P 380 – Evacuate areaPrecautionary statement

Sequence in the group

What chemicals are covered by the GHS?

• Covers ALL hazardous chemical substances, dilute solutions and mixtures

Methyl Alcohol CH3OH=32.04 CAS No. 65-56-1 UN No. 1230

ＤＡＮＧＥＲ

Hazard statements:・ Highly flammable liquid and vapor・ May be harmful if swallowed ・ Cause serious eye irritation・ May damage fertility or the unborn child・ Causes damage to organs (central nervous system, visual organ, systemic toxicity)・ May cause respiratory irritation・ May cause drowsiness and dizziness・ Cause damage to organs (central nervous system, visual organ) through prolonged or repeated exposure

Precautionary statements:・ Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and 　　 understood.・ Keep container tightly closed.・ Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame – No smoking.・ Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection.・ Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.・ Use only outdoors or in well ventilated area.・ Wash thoroughly after handling.

United Nations Co., Ltd. 1-1, Peace Ave., GenevaSwitzerlandTel. 41 22 917 00 00 　　　　　　 Fax. 41 22 917 00 00

What will be changed by GHS?

Methanol

14kg

MethanolMethyl Alcohol

CH3OH=32.04

99.5% 14kg

Flammable Toxic Provide Personal Protective Equipment . Install local ventilation system.Wash well when touched.

Fraud Co., Ltd. 1-1, Error Ave., Hidden cityImaginary country

X

OLD

NEW

Principles of Harmonized Classification System

• Classification is based on the hazards resulting from intrinsic properties of chemicals.

• Classification is based on currently acceptable and available data.– test requirement in GHS

Classification Criteria for Hazards

• Physical Hazard• Health Hazard• Environmental Hazard

Harmonized Criteria for Physical Hazards

• Explosives• Flammable gases• Flammable aerosols• Oxidizing gases• Gases under pressure • Flammable liquids• Flammable solids• Self-reactive substances

and mixtures• Pyrophoric liquids• Pyrophoric solids

• Self-heating substances and mixtures

• Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

• Oxidizing liquids• Oxidizing solids• Organic peroxide• Compressed gas• Corrosive to metal

Flammable Liquids

Category Criteria

1 Flash point < 23oC and initial boiling point 35oC

2 Flash point < 23oC and initial boiling point > 35oC

3 Flash point 23oC and 60oC

4 Flash point > 60oC and 93oC

Harmonized Criteria for Health Hazards• Acute toxicity• Skin corrosion/ irritation• Serious eye damage/ eye irritation• Respiratory or skin sensitization• Germ cell mutagenicity• Reproductive toxicity• Carcinogenicity• Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure)• Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure)• Aspiration hazard

Classification criteria for acute toxicity Acute toxicity estimate: LD50/LC50

Category 　　 1Category 　　 2

Category 　　 3Category 　　 4

Category 5

Oral (mg/kg) 5 50 300 2000 5000See

detailed criteria

Dermal (mg/kg) 50 200 1000 2000

Gases (ppm/4h) 100 500 2500 20000

Vapours (mg/l/4h)

0.5 2.0 10 20

Dusts and Mists (mg/l/4h)

0.05 0.5 1.0 5

(LD50/LC50: lethal dose/lethal concentration causing death of 50% of test animals)

Classification Criteria for Carcinogens

Category 1Known or presumed

carcinogen

Category 2Suspected carcinogen

Limited evidence of human or animal carcinogenicity

Subcategory 1A

Known human carcinogen based on human evidence

Subcategory 1B

Presumed human carcinogen based on demonstrated animal carcinogenicity

Classification Criteria for Substances Hazardous to Aquatic Environment

Acute Category 1Acute toxicity

≦ 1 mg/l


＞ 1 but 10 mg/l≦


＞ 10 　 but 100 mg/l≦ Chronic Category 1• Acute toxicity

<1mg/l 　 and ・ lack of rapid 　　

degradability and/or ・ BCF > 500 (or, log Kow > 4)

Chronic Category 2• Acute toxicity> 1 but < 10 mg/l 　 and

・ lack of rapid degradability

and/or・ BCF > 500 (or, log Kow > 4) and● unless chronic toxicity > 1 mg/l

Chronic Category 3Acute toxicity> 10 but < 100 mg/l 　 and ・ lack of rapid degradability

and/or ・ BCF > 500 (or, log Kow > 4) and● unless chronic toxicity > 1 mg/l

Chronic Category 4No acute toxicity 　 and ・ lack of rapid degradability and ・ BCF > 500 (or, log Kow > 4) and● unless chronic toxicity >1 mg/l

BCF: Bioconcentration FactorKow: octanol/water partition coefficient

Classification of Mixtures

• Where test data are available for the complete mixture, the classification of the mixture will always be based on that data.

Physical hazards:• For physical hazards, test results of mixtures should

be used for classification.• However classification of Flammable Gases,

Flammable Aerosols, Flammable Liquids and Oxidizing Gases may be determined by calculations in a specific cases.

Classification of mixtures (cont.)Health and Environmental Hazards:

• Where test data are not available for the mixture itself, then bridging principles included and explained in each specific chapter should be considered to see whether they permit classification of the mixture.

• When classifying an untested mixture based on the hazards of its ingredients, generic cut-off values or concentration limits for the classified ingredients of the mixture are used for several hazard classes in the GHS.

Labels The Essential Tools

1. Symbols, Pictograms and colour

2. Signal words

3. Hazard statements

4. Precautionary statements and pictograms

5. Product identifiers/declaration of ingredients

6. Supplier identification

GHS Pictogram

Explosives Self-reactive subst.Organic peroxide

Flammable substance Self-reactive substance Pyrophoric and self- heating substance Organic peroxides

Oxidizing substance

Compressed gas Skin corr./irrit. Eye damage/irrit. Corrosive to metal

Environmental hazard

Acute toxicity Acute toxicity Skin corr./irrit. Eye corr./irrit. Sensitization (Dermal) Target organ toxicity

Sensitization (Respiratory) Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Reproductive toxicity Target organ toxicity Aspiration hazard

UNRTDG Pictograms

Signal Word• “Danger” or “Warning” • Used to emphasis hazard and to

discriminate between hazard categories (level of hazard)Example: Acute toxicity

Category 1, 2, 3 “Danger”, Category 4 “Warning”

• “Danger” “Warning”＞

Hazard Statements• A single harmonised hazard statement for each

hazard category within each hazard classe.g. Flammable liquid

– Category 1 “ Extremely flammable liquid and vapour “– Category 2 “Highly flammable liquid and vapour”– Category 3 “ Flammable liquid and vapour”– Category 4 – “Combustible liquid”

Hazard Statements (cont.)e.g. Acute toxicity

– Category 1 “ Fatal if swallowed “– Category 2 “Fatal if swallowed ”– Category 3 “ Toxic if swallowed”– Category 4 “Harmful if swallowed”– Category 5 “Maybe harmful if swallowed”

Precautionary Statements

• A precautionary statement means a phrase that describes recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to hazardous product, or improper storage or handling of a hazardous product.

Declaration of Ingredients• Competent authorities should establish

appropriate mechanisms for CBI (Confidential Business Information) protection. CBI will not be harmonized under the GHS.

• CBI claims should be limited to the names of chemicals and their concentrations in mixtures.

• Mechanisms should be established for disclosure in emergency and non-emergency situations.

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

Category 5

Danger

Fatal if swallowed

Danger

Fatal if swallowed

Danger

Toxic if swallowed

Warning

Harmful ifSwallowed

NoSymbol

Warning

May be harmful if swallowed

Allocation of Label ElementsExample : Acute Toxicity (Oral)

Methanol Methyl Alcohol CH3OH=32.04 CAS No. 65-56-1 UN No. 1230

Product identifier

Pictogram

ＤＡＮＧＥＲ Signal word

Hazard statements:・ Highly flammable liquid and vapor・ May be harmful if swallowed ・ Cause serious eye irritation・ May damage fertility or the unborn child・ Causes damage to organs (central nervous system, visual organ, systemic toxicity)・ May cause respiratory irritation・ May cause drowsiness and dizziness・ Cause damage to organs (central nervous system, visual organ) through prolonged or repeated exposure

Hazard statements

Precautionary statements:・ Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and 　　 understood.・ Keep container tightly closed.・ Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame – No smoking.・ Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection.・ Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.・ Use only outdoors or in well ventilated area.・ Wash thoroughly after handling.

Precautionary statements

United Nations Co., Ltd. 1-1, Peace Ave., GenevaSwitzerlandTel. 41 22 917 00 00 Fax. 41 22 917 00 00

Supplier identification

Example of 　　label elements 14 kg

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)• Primarily workplace use

Criteria for SDS production• For all substances and mixtures which meet

the harmonized criteria for physical, health or environmental hazards under the GHS.

Cut off values/Concentration limits for health and environmental hazard class

Hazard class Cut-off value /Concentration limit

Acute toxicity 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

Skin Corrosion/Irritation 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

Serious damage to eyes/eye irritation 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

Respiratory/Skin sensitization 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

Mutagenicity: Category1 　　　　　　 ≥ 0.1 ％

Mutagenicity: Category2 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

Carcinogenicity 　　　　　　 ≥ 0.1 ％

Reproductive toxicity 　　　　　　 ≥ 0.1 ％

Specific target organ toxicity (single Exp.) 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

Specific target organ toxicity (repeat Exp.) 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

Hazardous to the aquatic environment 　　　　　　 ≥ 1.0 ％

SDS 16 Headings1. Identification of the

substance or mixture and of the supplier

2. Hazard(s) identification3. Composition/information

on ingredients4. First-aid measures5. Fire-fighting measures6. Accidental release

measures7. Handling and storage8. Exposure controls/

personal protection

9. Physical and chemical properties

10. Stability and reactivity11. Toxicological information12. Ecological information13. Disposal considerations14. Transport information15. Regulatory information16. Other information

including information on preparation and revision of the SDS

Building Block Approach

Flammable liquids

Explosives

Oxidizing gases

Pyrophoric solids

Self reactive substances

Corrosive to metals

Aquatic toxicity

Acute toxicity

Carcinogen

Reproductive toxicitySensitization

Skin corrosion/irritation

Mutagenicity

Physical hazard Health hazard Environmental hazard

Transport

Consumers

Workplace

Pesticides

Self heating substances

Label requirement Safety data sheet

• Consistent with the building block approach, countries are free to determine which of the building blocks will be applied in different parts of their systems.

• As long as the hazards covered by a sector or system are covered consistently with the GHS criteria and requirements, it will be considered appropriate implementation of the GHS. Not withstanding the fact that an exporter needs to comply with importing countries' requirements for GHS implementation, it is hoped that the application of the GHS worldwide will eventually lead to a fully harmonized situation.

• Coverage of hazards may vary by the perceived needs of the target audience for information. In particular, the transport sector focuses on acute health effects and physical hazards, but has not to date covered chronic effects due to the types of exposures expected to be encountered in that setting.

Building Block Approach

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5

Danger

Fatal if swallowed

Danger

Fatal if swallowed

Danger

Toxic if swallowed

Warning

Harmful ifSwallowed

NoSymbol

Warning

May be harmful if swallowed

Not required under the UNRTDG

Not required under the UNRTDG

Example : Acute Toxicity (Oral)

Revision of GHS document

• The GHS document is regularly revised and updated to reflect national, regional and international experiences in implementing requirements into national, regional and international laws, as well as experiences of those doing the classification and labelling.

Updating of information

• Suppliers should respond to “new and significant” information they receive about a chemical hazard by updating the label and safety data sheet for that chemical.

Items under each headings1. Identification of the substance or mixture and of the

supplier• GHS product identifier. • Other means of identification.• Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use.

• Supplier’s details (including name, address, phone number etc). • Emergency phone number.

2. Hazards identification • GHS classification of the substance/mixture and any national or regional information. • GHS label elements, including precautionary statements. (Hazard symbols may be provided as a graphical reproduction of the symbols in black and white or the name of the symbol e.g. flame, skull and crossbones.)• Other hazards which do not result in classification (e.g. dust explosion hazard) or are not covered by the GHS.

3. Composition/information on ingredients Substance• Chemical identity. • Common name, synonyms, etc.• CAS number and other unique identifiers.• Impurities and stabilizing additives which are themselves classified and which contribute to the classification of the substance.

Mixture• The chemical identity and concentration or concentration ranges of all ingredients which are hazardous within the meaning of the GHS and are present above their cut-off levels.

NOTE: For information on ingredients, the competentauthority rules for CBI take priority over the rules forproduct identification.

4. First aid measures • Description of necessary measures, subdivided according to the

different routes of exposure, i.e. inhalation, skin and eye contact and ingestion. • Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed. • Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary.

5. Fire-fighting measures• Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguishing media. • Specific hazards arising from the chemical (e.g. nature of any hazardous combustion products). • Special protective equipment and precautions for firefighters.

6. Accidental release measures• Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures. • Environmental precautions.• Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up.

7. Handling and storage• Precautions for safe handling • Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities.

8. Exposure controls/personal protection.• Control parameters e.g. occupational exposure limit values or biological limit values. • Appropriate engineering controls. • Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment.

9. Physical and chemical properties • Appearance (physical state, colour etc). • Odour. • Odour threshold. • PH. • Melting point/freezing point. • Initial boiling point and boiling range. • Flash point. • Evaporation rate. • Flammability (solid, gas). • Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits. • Vapour pressure. • Vapour density.• Relative density. • Solubility(ies). • Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water. • Auto-ignition temperature. • Decomposition temperature.

10. Stability and reactivity • Chemical stability. • Possibility of hazardous reactions.• Conditions to avoid (e.g. static discharge, shock or vibration).• Incompatible materials. • Hazardous decomposition products.

11. Toxicological information • Concise but complete and comprehensible description of the various toxicological (health) effects and the available data used to identify those effects, including: • information on the likely routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact);• Symptoms related to the physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics; • Delayed and immediate effects and also chronic effects from short- and long-term exposure;• Numerical measures of toxicity (such as acute toxicity estimates).

12. Ecological information• Ecotoxicity (aquatic and terrestrial, where available). • Persistence and degradability. • Bioaccumulative potential.• Mobility in soil. • Other adverse effects.

13. Disposal considerations • Description of waste residues and information on their safe handling and methods of disposal, including the disposal of any contaminated packaging.

14. Transport information • UN number. • UN Proper shipping name. • Transport hazard class(es). • Packing group, if applicable. • Marine pollutant (Yes/No). • Special precautions which a user needs to be aware of or needs to comply with in connection with transport or conveyance either within or outside their premises.

15. Regulatory information • Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question.

16. Other information including information on preparation and revision of the SDS

Employee information and training

• Clarifies that the labels on shipped containers and workplace labels must be explained, as well as SDS format.

• Workers will have to be trained on the new label and SDS formats before all the provisions of the rule are effective.

Training, continued• Labeling elements

• Train the employees on the type of information that the employee would expect to see on the new labels.

• How they might use that information• Product identifier, Signal Word, hazard statement(s), pictogram(s),

precautionary statement(s), and name, address and phone number of the responsible party.

• General understanding of how the elements interact• For example – explain there are two signal words: Danger means a more severe

hazard within a hazard class. Warning is for less severe hazard.

• Safety Data Sheet• Train the employees on the standardization 16 section format and

the type of information they would find in the various sections.

Trade secrets

• Allows specific chemical identity to be protected when it is a legitimate trade secret.

• Specifies conditions for protection or for release when there is a safety and health need for information.

• The percentage of a substance in a mixture is also considered to be a type of trade secret subject to the provisions in the rule.

PPE Assessment

Operation Hazard PPE RequiredEmptying Patient Trash BBP Nitrile/Latex GlovesCleaning Patient Room BBP Nitrile/Latex Gloves

Main Principle: In terms of prevention, the main measure is to maintain the

hazardous chemical stocks at the lowest possible level or to change

chemicals used with less dangerous ones. Then maintain;

Safe storage area away form process area or other hazardous areas,

Avoid the combined storage of incompatible or highly reactive chemicals,

Provide secure containers (sufficient physical resistance, automatic closure,

appropriate for the type and quantity of chemical stored etc.).

Safe Storage of Chemicals


To a large extent, how the chemical groups are divided and assigned, will depend largely upon the amount of space available.

The risk associated with incompatible chemicals coming into contact must be avoided wherever chemicals are handled or stored.

The common features uniting all these plans is the separation of incompatible materials.

The ten most commonly cited groups are: - flammables, oxidants, reducers, concentrated acids, concentrated

bases, water reactives, extreme toxics, peroxide formers, pyrophorics and gas cylinders.

Examples of;

Incompatible Agents

Oxidising Agents with; inflammable substances, nitrides, hydrides,

sulphides, alkylmetals

Reducing Agents with: nitrates, chlorates, oxides, peroxides, fluoride

Strong Acids with Strong Bases

Sulphuric acid with: cellulose, perchloric acid, potassium

permanganate, chlorate

Examples of;

Unstable Substances

Products that may decompose when stored long periods: alkaline

anhydrides

Substances that readily peroxidise: allylic compounds, styrene

Compounds that react violently on contact with air: phosphides, hydrides

Monomers that polymerise rapidly: styrene, acrylonitrile

Violent reactions occur when the following chemicals from different Storage Groups are mixed:

– Corrosives + Flammables = Explosion/Fire – Corrosive + Poisons = Poison Gas (Toxic Gas) – Flammables + Oxidizers = Explosion/Fire – Acids + Bases = Corrosive Fumes/Heat



Basic Storage Requirements:

Label storage areas according to the type of chemical family or hazard

classification found there,

Inspect storage areas at least annually,

Keep aisles, hallways, doorways, exits, and entryways clear,

Keep storage areas well lit, appropriately ventilated, and at a consistent,

cool temperature.


Basic Storage Requirements (Cont’d)

Eliminate ignition sources such as open flames, heat sources, or direct

sunlight.

Keep emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers handy and in good

working order.

Confine chemical storage areas so that leaks or spills are controlled.

Prevent chemicals from running down sink, floor, or storm water drains.

Clean up spills and drips immediately.


Storage Don’ts !

Don’t store chemicals in a sink or fume hood, except for certain toxic gases

that are so dangerous they can only be stored in a gas cabinet or fume

hood.

Don’t store chemicals on dirt or grass, near a creek or storm drain

entrance, where they could contaminate the environment.

Don’t store chemicals on the floor, window ledges, or balconies.


To avoid explosion;

Store two incompatible chemicals at least 3 m. apart.

Where the goods could react violently, store them at least 5 m. apart.

Consider storing some chemicals especially unstable chemicals in separate

fire rated enclosures or separate buildings with appropriate fire

suppression equipment.

Conclusions• All substances must be stored in securely closed containers

designed for the purpose

• All substances must be clearly labelled in ordered to determine the hazards on the material

• Read always SDS in order to acquiring understanding of all hazardous properties of a specific substance

• Careful analysis of substance properties will curtail adverse reactions involving intentional mixing of chemicals or malfunction at storing

Law

International standard for chemical safety ghs canada