Lecture on the Legislative Lecture on the Legislative Department of the Republic of Department of the Republic of

the Philippinesthe PhilippinesJustin Martin O. HernandezJustin Martin O. Hernandez

Basic StructuresBasic StructuresThere are There are two basic structures two basic structures for legislative for legislative

branches of government:branches of government:

1.1. UnicameralUnicameral The legislative branch consists of The legislative branch consists of

one chamber/houseone chamber/house

2.2. BicameralBicameral Legislative power is vested in Legislative power is vested in two two

chambers/houseschambers/houses

The Philippine CongressThe Philippine CongressThe The Philippine CongressPhilippine Congress is the country’s is the country’s legislative departmentlegislative department (Art. VI, Sec. 1) (Art. VI, Sec. 1)

Congress is Congress is bicameralbicameralUpper House: Upper House: SenateSenateLower House: Lower House: House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives

N.B.: N.B.: Senators are CongressmenSenators are Congressmen

The Legislative BranchThe Legislative Branch

From the Latin From the Latin lex, legislex, legis meaning meaning lawlawThe legislative branch broadly The legislative branch broadly deals with the deals with the makingmaking, , deliberation overdeliberation over, , enactmentenactment, , amendment amendment and and repealingrepealing of laws of laws

SenateSenateCompositionComposition

QualificationsQualifications

Term of OfficeTerm of Office

24 24 Senators elected Senators elected at largeat largeNatural-born Natural-born citizencitizenAt least At least 35 years old35 years old on on election dayelection dayLiterateLiterate (can read and write) (can read and write)Registered voterRegistered voterPhilippine Philippine resident resident for for 2 2 years years prior to prior to election dayelection day6 years 6 years Maximum: 2 termsMaximum: 2 terms

House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives200 district reps, 50 party list200 district reps, 50 party listNatural-born Natural-born citizencitizenAt least At least 25 years old25 years old on on election dayelection dayLiterateLiterate (can read and write) (can read and write)Registered voterRegistered voter of the of the districtdistrictDistrict District resident resident for for 1 year 1 year prior prior to to election dayelection day3 years 3 years Maximum: 3 termsMaximum: 3 terms

Composition

Qualifications

Term of Office

In Case of Vacancy…In Case of Vacancy…

VacancyVacancy can be filled through can be filled through regular regular electionelection

Special elections Special elections can be called for the can be called for the purpose of filling the vacancypurpose of filling the vacancy

In either circumstance, the one elected In either circumstance, the one elected merely merely sitssits for the for the unexpired termunexpired term

Structure and DynamicsStructure and DynamicsSenate PresidentSenate President and and House Speaker House Speaker elected elected by by majority votemajority voteOther officersOther officers,, procedures procedures and the and the discipline of discipline of its members its members is at the is at the discretion discretion of each houseof each houseQuorum: Quorum: MajorityMajorityEach House maintains a Each House maintains a journaljournal and and recordrecord of of proceedingsproceedingsNeither House can Neither House can adjournadjourn without the other’s without the other’s consentconsent while in session while in session

Officers of the SenateOfficers of the Senate

PresidentPresidentPresident Pro-temporePresident Pro-temporeMajority Floor LeaderMajority Floor LeaderMinority Floor LeaderMinority Floor LeaderSecretarySecretarySgt. –at-ArmsSgt. –at-Arms

Senate CommitteesSenate Committees

Committee on Accountability of Public Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and InvestigationsOfficers and InvestigationsCommittee on AccountsCommittee on AccountsCommittee on Agrarian ReformCommittee on Agrarian ReformCommittee on Agriculture and FoodCommittee on Agriculture and FoodCommittee on Banks, Financial Institutions Committee on Banks, Financial Institutions and Currenciesand Currencies

Committee on Civil Service and Committee on Civil Service and Government ReorganizationGovernment ReorganizationCommittee on Constitutional Committee on Constitutional Amendments, Revision of Codes and Amendments, Revision of Codes and LawsLawsCommittee on CooperativesCommittee on CooperativesCommittee on Cultural CommunitiesCommittee on Cultural CommunitiesCommittee on Economic AffairsCommittee on Economic AffairsCommittee on Education, Arts and CultureCommittee on Education, Arts and CultureCommittee on EnergyCommittee on Energy

Committee on Environment and Natural Committee on Environment and Natural ResourcesResourcesCommittee on Ethics and PrivilegesCommittee on Ethics and PrivilegesCommittee on FinanceCommittee on FinanceCommittee on Foreign RelationsCommittee on Foreign RelationsCommittee on Games, Amusement and Committee on Games, Amusement and SportsSportsCommittee on Government Corporations Committee on Government Corporations and Public Enterprisesand Public Enterprises

Committee on Health and DemographyCommittee on Health and DemographyCommittee on Justice and Human RightsCommittee on Justice and Human RightsCommittee on Labor, Employment and Committee on Labor, Employment and Human Resources DevelopmentHuman Resources DevelopmentCommittee on Local GovernmentCommittee on Local GovernmentCommittee on National Defense and Committee on National Defense and SecuritySecurityCommittee on Peace, Unification and Committee on Peace, Unification and ReconciliationReconciliation

Committee on Public Information and Committee on Public Information and Mass MediaMass MediaCommittee on Public Order and Illegal Committee on Public Order and Illegal DrugsDrugsCommittee on Public ServicesCommittee on Public ServicesCommittee on Public WorksCommittee on Public WorksCommittee on RulesCommittee on RulesCommittee on Science and TechnologyCommittee on Science and TechnologyCommittee on Social Justice, Welfare and Committee on Social Justice, Welfare and Rural DevelopmentRural Development

Committee on TourismCommittee on TourismCommittee on Trade and CommerceCommittee on Trade and CommerceCommittee on Urban Planning, Housing Committee on Urban Planning, Housing and Resettlementand ResettlementCommittee on Ways and MeansCommittee on Ways and MeansCommittee on Youth, Women and Family Committee on Youth, Women and Family RelationsRelations

Officers of The House of Officers of The House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

SpeakerSpeakerDeputy SpeakersDeputy SpeakersMajority Floor LeaderMajority Floor LeaderMinority Floor LeaderMinority Floor Leader

House CommitteesHouse Committees (58 House Committees) (58 House Committees)

AccountsAccountsCooperatives DevelopmentCooperatives DevelopmentDangerous DrugsDangerous DrugsEcologyEcologyEconomic AffairsEconomic AffairsForeign AffairsForeign AffairsGames and AmusementsGames and Amusements

HealthHealthHuman RightsHuman RightsJusticeJusticeLabor and EmploymentLabor and EmploymentLocal GovernmentLocal GovernmentMetro Manila DevelopmentMetro Manila DevelopmentMindanao AffairsMindanao AffairsMuslim AffairsMuslim AffairsPopulation and Family RelationsPopulation and Family Relations

Social ServicesSocial ServicesTrade and IndustryTrade and IndustryVeterans Affairs and WelfareVeterans Affairs and WelfareWomen and Gender EqualityWomen and Gender Equality

PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITIESPARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITIES

Parliamentary PrivilegesParliamentary Privileges

Congressmen have Congressmen have two parliamentary two parliamentary privileges privileges while Congress is while Congress is in sessionin session::

1.1. Privilege from Privilege from arrestarrest Immunity Immunity from from offenses offenses punishable by not punishable by not

more than more than six years imprisonmentsix years imprisonment

2.2. Privilege of Privilege of speech speech and and debatedebate Immunity Immunity from from libel libel and and slanderslander

Its SessionsIts Sessions

Regular SessionRegular SessionSpecial SessionSpecial SessionJoint SessionJoint Session

Presidents of the SenatePresidents of the Senate

Manuel L. Quezon(1916-1935)

Manuel A. Roxas(1945-1946)

Jose D. Avelino(1946-1949)

Mariano Jesus L. Cuenco(1949-1951)

Quintin B. Paredes(1952)

Camilo O. Osias(1952 & 1953)

Eulogio A. Rodriguez, Sr.(1952-1963)

Jose C. Zulueta(1953)

Ferdinand E. Marcos(1963-1965)

Arturo M. Tolentino(1966-1967)

Gil J. Puyat(1967-1972)

Jovito R. Salonga(1987-1991)

Neptali A. Gonzales(1992-93, 95-96, 98)

Edgardo J. Angara(1993-1995)

Ernesto M. Maceda(1996-1998)

Marcelo B. Fernan(1998-1999)

Blas F. Ople(1999-2000)

Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr.(2000-2001)

Franklin M. Drilon(2000, 2001-2006)

Manny Villar(2006-Nov. 2008)

Juan Ponce Enrile(Nov.17, 2008-June 2013)

Franklin M. Drilon(July 2013-Present)

Speakers of the House of Speakers of the House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

Sergio Osmeña(1907-1922) Manuel A. Roxas

(1922-1933)

Quintin Paredes(1933-1935)

Gil Montilla(1935-1938)

José Yulo(1938-1941)

Benigno Aquino, Sr.(1943-1944)

Jose Zulueta(1945) Eugenio Pérez

(1946-1953)

José Laurel, Jr.(1953-1957) Daniel Romualdez

(1957-1962)Cornelio Villareal(1962-1967)

Querube Makalintal(1978-1984)

Nicanor Yñiguez(1984-1986)

Ramon Mitra, Jr.(1987-1992)

Jose de Venecia(1992-1998)

Manny Villar(1998-2000)

Arnulfo Fuentabella(2000-2001)

Feliciano Belmonte(2001)

Jose de Venecia,(2001-2008)

Prospero Nograles( 2008-2010)

Feliciano Belmonte.(2010-Present)

Powers of CongressPowers of Congress1.1. AppointmentAppointment of Public Officials of Public Officials2.2. Legislative Legislative inquiryinquiry and and investigationinvestigation3.3. DeclareDeclare the existence of a the existence of a state of state of

warwar4.4. RatifyRatify the country’s international the country’s international

treaties treaties ((SenateSenate))5.5. AuthorizeAuthorize limited limited emergency emergency

powerspowers for the President for the President

Powers of CongressPowers of Congress6.6. ApproveApprove the government the government budgetbudget7.7. Undertake Undertake projects projects under the under the CDFCDF8.8. Propose, review, and adopt Propose, review, and adopt bills bills for for

enactment into enactment into lawlaw9.9. OverturnOverturn a Presidential a Presidential veto veto with respect to with respect to

proposed legislationproposed legislation10.10. Allow for Allow for referendareferenda11.11. Propose Propose amendmentsamendments to the to the constitution and constitution and

call for a call for a constitutional conventionconstitutional convention

Legislative LimitationsLegislative LimitationsCongress may not:Congress may not:1.1. Increase appropriations Increase appropriations recommended by the recommended by the

executive branchexecutive branch2.2. Pass tax exemptionsPass tax exemptions without the concurrence without the concurrence

of a majority of its membersof a majority of its members3.3. Grant Grant titlestitles of of nobilitynobility4.4. Pass Pass ex post facto billsex post facto bills5.5. Pass Pass bills of attainderbills of attainder

How a Bill Becomes How a Bill Becomes LawLaw

~House of Representatives~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

DebateReferral to Committee

DebateReferral to Committee

How a Bill Becomes LawHow a Bill Becomes Law

~House of Representatives~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

~Senate~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

How a Bill Becomes How a Bill Becomes LawLaw

~House of Representatives~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

~Senate~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

BICAMERAL COMMITTEE

How a Bill Becomes LawHow a Bill Becomes Law

~House of Representatives~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

~Senate~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

President

How a Bill Becomes LawHow a Bill Becomes Law

~House of Representatives~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

PresidentAPPROVE VETO30 DAY PERIOD

Sources:Sources:

http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/composition.asp#A._The_Officers_of_the_composition.asp#A._The_Officers_of_the_Senate_Senate_http://www.congress.gov.ph/about/?http://www.congress.gov.ph/about/?about=officialsabout=officials