EVOLUTION OF THE WEB

Muhammad Zubair AsgharLahore Leads UniversityBSSE-VBF13-1384

Growth of technologies & early history

1972 First Email 1975 Gates and Allen starts

Microsoft 1975 Beta and VHS videotaps 1976 Jobs and Woznaik starts Apple 1981 CSNET BITNET are born 1983 TCP/IP born

Birth of world wide web –W3 in 1992 Tim Berners-Lee,a physicist

in Geneva Switzerland came up with the term World Wide Web - W3

World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (www) is an open source information space 

where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.

It has become known simply as the Web. The World Wide Web is the primary tool

billions of people use to interact on the Internet.

Hypertext

Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts.

The term was coined by Ted Nelson around 1965

URL

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) commonly informally referred to as a web address

 A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably.

A URL implies the means to access an indicated resource.

URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http), but are also used for file transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.

URL and URI

This diagram shows that a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is either a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), a Uniform Resource Name (URN), or both

Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide.

It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope.

Evolution of WEB After 90’s

1991

HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) It is a protocol used for data communication in

world wide web

HTML 1 (Hypertext Markup Language)

1. It is a language used to create web pages2. It describes the structure of the website which

makes it a markup language, rather then a programming language

1993

Mosaic Browser1. Mosaic was developed at the National Center

for Supercomputing Application (NCSA) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign beginning in late 1992. NCSA released the browser in 1993.

2. For first time its 0.1 version is released.

3. It read HTML 1 and it was a client of earlier protocols.

1993 Mosaic look like this

1994 HTML 2 HTML 2 is released in 1994. The feature of stylized

text and table is introduced in it Cookies are introduced Cookie is a small piece of data sent from a

website and stored in the user's web browser while the user is browsing it. Every time the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the server to notify the user's previous activity.

These were 1st time implemented in Netscap browser in 1994.

1994

NetScap Browser NetScap browser build and its 1st and 2nd (0.9

& 1.0) versions was released in 1994

It has high speed then Mosaic browser and it was free although NCSA released 2nd version of Mosaic.

1994NetScap 1.0

1995

Opera Browser It was internally and limited released in 1995.  Opera web browser began in 1994 when it was

started as a research project at Telenor. In 1995, the project branched out into a separate company named Opera Software ASA, with the first publicly available version released in 1996

Opera has undergone extensive changes and improvements, and introduced notable features such as Speed Dial.

 It has multiple document interface(MDI) and sidebar, which made browsing several pages at once much easier

1995Opera 1.0

1995

Internet Explorer

Microsoft has developed eleven versions of Internet Explorer for Windows from 1995 to 2013.

It has also developed Internet Explorer for Mac, Internet Explorer for UNIX and Internet Explorer Mobile for Apple Macintosh, Unix and mobile devices respectively

It was modeled on NCSA’s Mosaic browser but did not use its source code

1995Internet explorer 1.0 Internet explorer 9

1995 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) SSL was introduced in web in 1995 It is a predecessor of Transport Layer Security (TLS) Both SSL & TLS are protocols designed to

provide communications security over a computer network

Major web sites (including Google, YouTube, Facebook and many others) use TLS to secure all communications between their servers and web browsers.

HTML 3 HTML 3 is made in 1995 More of 1 and 2 with some Brower specific features

1995 JavaScript JavaScript was originally developed by NetScap in 1995 JavaScript is most commonly used as a client side

scripting language. This means that JavaScript code is written into an HTML page.

It has an application programming interface (API) for working with text, arrays, dates and regular expressions

JavaScript is not the same as Java. I repeat: JavaScript is not the same as Java.

It was first time implemented in NetScap in 1996 and later on it was adopted by Microsoft and was implemented in Internet Explorer’s version 3 in 1996

It was implemented by Opera in 1997

1996 Flash Adobe Flash (formerly

called Macromedia Flash and Shockwave Flash) is a multimedia and software platform

It is used for creating vector graphics, animation, browser games, rich Internet applications, desktop applications, mobile applications and mobile games

Flash displays text, vector and raster graphics to provide animations, video games and applications

 It allows streaming of audio and video, and can capture mouse, keyboard, microphone and camera input

It was developed in 1995 but implemented in Browsers in 1996

1996 XML (Extensible Markup Language) XML was developed in 1996 but introduced in

browsers from 1999 XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules

for encoding documents in a format which is both human-readable and machine-readable

Maybe it is a little hard to understand, but XML does not DO anything

This note is a note to Tove, from Jani, stored as XML:

1996

XML HTML XML was designed to

carry data. Its focus on what is

data to be carried. XML tags are not

predefined XML is about

describing information.

HTML was designed to display data.

Its focus on how the data looks

HTML tags are predefined

HTML is about displaying data

Massive Advantage of XML

The tree structure of XMl allows documents to be compared and aggregated efficiently element by element.

1997

HTML 3.2 And HTML 4HTML 3.2 and HTML 4 were introduced

in 1997A re-evaluation of 3. Some clutter were

removed that arrived in 2 and 3.

1998

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 2 CSS is a style sheet language used for describing

the presentation of a document written in a markup language

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts

This separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same markup page in different styles for different rendering methods

It is developed in 1998 but implemented in 1999

1999 Ajax (asynchronous JavaScript and XML)  With Ajax, web applications can send data to and retrieve

from a server in the background, without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page

AJAX is about updating parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page.

It is implemented in 1999 With Ajax one can: Update a web page without reloading the page Request data from a server - after the page has loaded Receive data from a server - after the page has loaded Send data to a server - in the background

2000-2007 In 2003 APPLE launches safari browser The Mozilla Firefox project was created

by Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross in 2004 Opera released opera mini for mobile in

2005 Apple released 1st i-phone with mobile

version of safari 3 in 2007 NetScap discontinued in 2007. The usage

share of Netscape had fallen from over 90 percent in the mid-1990s to less than one percent by the end of 2006

2008-2015

Chrome browser was launched in 2008

HTML 5 HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring

and presenting content on the World Wide Web It was finalized, and published, on 28 October 2014

by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

CSS3 CSS3 has been split into "modules". It contains the

"old CSS specification" (which has been split into smaller pieces). In addition, new modules are added

2008-2015 Content Security Policy (CSP) Content Security Policy is a computer

security standard introduced to prevent clickjacking and other code injection attacks resulting from execution of malicious content in the trusted web page context

Drag And Drop Drag and drop became possible in web browsers by

using java script, and additional markup Touch Events An HTML5 specification that allows developers to

easily build touch-enabled web apps for touch-sensitive surfaces

Web users

Current estimates range from 100 million to 148 million web users

Average age=32 64% with college degree 32% females Source= Nielson surveys