Evolution of the WEB

Evolution of the WEBAbdul HayeeF13-1383

1991HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol)It is a protocol used for data communication in world wide web

HTML 1 (Hypertext Markup Language)It is a language used to create web pagesIt describes the structure of the website which makes it a markup language, rather then a programming language

1993Mosaic BrowserMosaic was developed at theNational Center for Supercomputing Application (NCSA)at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaignbeginning in late 1992. NCSA released the browser in 1993.

For first time its 0.1 version is released.

It read HTML 1 and it was a client of earlier protocols.

1993Mosaic look like this

1994HTML 2HTML 2 is released in 1994. The feature of stylized text and table is introduced in itCookies are introducedCookieis a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in the user'sweb browser while the user is browsing it. Every time the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the server to notify the user's previous activity.These were 1st time implemented in Netscape browser in 1994.

1994Netscape BrowserNetscape browser build and its 1st and 2nd (0.9 & 1.0) versions was released in 1994

It has high speed then Mosaic browser and it was free although NCSA released 2nd version of Mosaic.

1994NetScap 1.0

1995Opera BrowserIt was internally and limited released in 1995.Operaweb browserbegan in 1994 when it was started as a research project atTelenor. In 1995, the project branched out into a separate company namedOpera SoftwareASA,with the first publicly available version released in 1996Opera has undergone extensive changes and improvements, and introduced notable features such as Speed Dial.It has multiple document interface(MDI) and sidebar, which made browsing several pages at once much easier

1995Opera 1.0

1995Internet Explorer

Microsofthas developed eleven versions ofInternet ExplorerforWindowsfrom 1995 to 2013.

It has also developedInternet Explorer for Mac,Internet Explorer for UNIXandInternet Explorer Mobile forApple Macintosh,Unixandmobile devicesrespectively

It was modeled on NCSAs Mosaic browser but did not use its source code

1995Internet explorer 1.0Internet explorer 9

1995SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)SSL was introduced in web in 1995It is a predecessor of Transport Layer Security (TLS)Both SSL & TLS are protocolsdesigned to providecommunications securityover acomputer networkMajor web sites (includingGoogle,YouTube,Facebookand many others) use TLS to secure all communications between their servers andweb browsers.

HTML 3HTML 3 is made in 1995More of 1 and 2 with some Brower specific features

1995JavaScriptJavaScript was originally developed by Netscape in 1995JavaScript is most commonly used as a client side scripting language. This means that JavaScript code is written into an HTML page.It has anapplication programming interface(API)for working with text,arrays, dates andregular expressionsJavaScript isnotthe same as Java. I repeat: JavaScript isnotthe same as Java.It was first time implemented in NetScap in 1996 and later on it was adopted by Microsoft and was implemented in Internet Explorers version 3 in 1996It was implemented by Opera in 1997

1996FlashAdobe Flash(formerly calledMacromediaFlashandShockwave Flash) is amultimediaandsoftware platformIt is used for creating vector graphics,animation,browser games,rich Internet applications,desktop applications,mobile applicationsandmobile gamesFlash displays text,vectorandraster graphicsto provide animations, video games and applicationsIt allows streaming ofaudio and video, and can capture mouse, keyboard, microphone and camera inputIt was developed in 1995 but implemented in Browsers in 1996

1996XML (Extensible Markup Language)XML was developed in 1996 but introduced in browsers from 1999XML is amarkup languagethat defines a set of rules for encoding documents in aformat which is bothhuman-readableandmachine-readableMaybe it is a little hard to understand, but XML does not DO anythingThis note is a note to Tove, from Jani, stored as XML:

1996XMLHTMLXML was designed to carry data - with focus on what data isXML tags are not predefinedHTML was designed to display data - with focus on how data looksHTML tags are predefined

Advantage of XMLThe tree structure of XML documents allows documents to be compared efficiently element by element

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1997HTML 3.2 And HTML 4HTML 3.2 and HTML 4 were introduced in 1997A re-evaluation of 3. Some clutter were removed that arrived in 2 and 3.

1998CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 2CSS is astyle sheet languageused for describing thepresentationof a document written in amarkup language

CSS is designed primarily to enablethe separation of document content from document presentation, including aspects such as thelayout,colors, andfonts

This separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same markup page in different styles for different rendering methods

It is developed in 1998 but implemented in 1999

1999Ajax (asynchronousJavaScriptandXML)With Ajax, web applications can send data to and retrieve from aserver in the background, without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page

AJAX is about updating parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page.

It is implemented in 1999With Ajax one can:Update a web page without reloading the pageRequest data from a server - after the page has loadedReceive data from a server - after the page has loadedSend data to a server - in the background

2000-2007In 2003 APPLE launches safari browserTheMozilla Firefoxproject was created byDave HyattandBlake Ross in 2004Opera released opera mini for mobile in 2005Apple released 1st i-phone with mobile version of safari 3 in 2007NetScap discontinued in 2007. The usage share of Netscape had fallen from over 90 percent in the mid-1990sto less than one percent by the end of 2006

2008-2015Chrome browser was launched in 2008

HTML 5 HTML5is amarkup languageused for structuring and presenting content on theWorld Wide WebIt was finalized, and published, on 28 October 2014 by theWorld Wide Web Consortium(W3C)

CSS3CSS3 has been split into "modules". It contains the "old CSS specification" (which has been split into smaller pieces). In addition, new modules are added

2008-2015Content Security Policy(CSP)Content Security Policy is acomputer securitystandard introduced to preventclickjackingand othercode injectionattacks resulting from execution of malicious content in the trustedweb pagecontextDrag And DropDrag and drop became possible in web browsers by using java script, and additional markupTouch EventsAn HTML5 specification that allows developers to easily build touch-enabled web apps for touch-sensitive surfaces