New Top-Level DomainsBetween public interest and shareholder

29 July 2015 Meissen European Summer School on Internet Governance (EuroSSIG)

Scarecity Picture

City Identity is 2nd most important

Forsa Institute May 2005Survey with 2,000 persons, aged 18-30

Meeting Vinton Cerf 2005 ICANN Luxembourg

The .berlin Stakeholders

9 years later …

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History and Future of the Introductionof country and generic Top-Level Domains

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evel

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country-code Top-Level Domains(ccTLDs) like .uk .de .cn

Round 17 newgTLDs.info.biz

.museum...

Round 27 newgTLDs.travel.jobs.tel...

Rounds 3+~ 1.200 gTLDs.sport.berlin.canon

...

generic Top-Level Domains(gTLDs) like

.com .net .org.arpa

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After a boring TLD Evolution …

… new gTLD went live

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History and Future of the Introductionof country and generic Top-Level Domains

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op-L

evel

Dom

ains

country-code Top-Level Domains(ccTLDs) like .uk .de .cn

Round 17 newgTLDs.info.biz

.museum...

Round 27 newgTLDs.travel.jobs.tel...

Rounds 3+~ 1.200 gTLDs.sport.berlin.canon

...

generic Top-Level Domains(gTLDs) like

.com .net .org.arpa

Year

… the TLD Revolution

Some New gTLD Facts

• 9 years preparation 2005-2013• Over US$ 130 mio New gTLD program costs• US$ 185,000 application fee• Extensive requirements• 1,930 applications in 2012• First New gTLD contracted July 2013• Last New gTLD contracted … 2016?

SpecialgTLDs

GeoTLDs.ABUDHABI .AFRICA .ALSACE

.AMSTERDAM .AMAZON .AQUITAINE .BARCELONA .BAYERN .BERLIN .BOSTON

.BRUSSELS .BUDAPEST .CAPETOWN .CATALONIA .COLOGNE .CYMRU .DOHA

.DOTAFRICA .DUBAI .DURBAN .FRL .GENT .HAMBURG .HELSINKI .IST

.ISTANBUL .JOBURG .KOELN .KYOTO .LONDON .MADRID .MELBOURNE

.MIAMI .MOSCOW .NAGOYA .NRW .NYC .OKINAWA .OSAKA .PARIS

.PATAGONIA .QUEBEC .RIO .ROMA .RUHR .RYUKYU .SAARLAND .SCOT

.STOCKHOLM .SYDNEY .TAIPEI .TIROL .TOKYO .VEGAS .VLAANDEREN .WALES

.WIEN .YOKOHAMA .ZUERICH .ZULU .москва

.ابوظبي 佛山 .广东 .广州 .深圳

Remarkable Applications

.KERRYLOGISITICS .KERRYLOGISTICS

.DOTAFRICA .AFRICAMerck Contention (2 companies = 6 applicat.)

.MERCK / .MERCK / .MERCK / .EMERCK / .MSD

.MERCKMSD

L‘Oreal‘s 14 applications.IST / ISTANBUL and .BCN/.BARCELONA

Remarkable Applications

• Bring your own contention set:.ALLFINANZ .ALLFINANZBERATER .ALLFINANZBERATUNG

• The 18-character league:.NORTHWESTERNMUTUAL .TRAVELERSINSURANCE .NORTHLANDINSURANCE

The New gTLDschanged ICANN

The Old White Boys Network

ICANN Organizational Chart 2005

ICANNSTAFF

ICANN Organizational Chart 2015

ICANN Professionalization andInternationalization

Compliance & Enforcement

Accountability & Transparency

Regionalization - Offices

• Los Angeles, CA, USA• Washington, D.C., USA• Montevideo, Uruguay• Brussels, Belgium• Geneva, Switzerland• Istanbul, Turkey• Singapore• Seoul, Korea• Beijing, China

ICANN before new gTLDs

290 independent

ccTLDs

21 privategTLDs

ICANN after new gTLDs

290 independent

ccTLDs

21 privateold gTLDs

500 of world‘slargest brands

80 Local, regional and

national governments

500 new gTLDs

The Powerful new Stakeholders

Top 100 global Brands

Major Cities, Regions & States

Governments now everwhere

Governmental Advisory BoardccTLDs

Geographic gTLDsGeneric gTLDsBrand gTLDs

Inside theNew gTLD Program

12 April 2012 – Blackout & Glitch

July 2012

The DrawDec 2012

ICANN GAC

The Friendly GAC Early Warnings

e.g. the Closed Generic Issue.ADS .AND .ANDROID .APP .ARE .BABY .BLOG .BOO .BOOK.BUY .CAL .CAR .CHANNEL .CHROME .CLOUD .CORP .CPA.DAD .DAY .DCLK .DDS .DEV .DIY .DOCS .DOG .DOT .DRIVE.EARTH .EAT .ESQ .EST .FAMILY .FILM .FLY .FOO .FREE.FUN .FYI .GAME .GBIZ .GLE .GMAIL .GMBH .GOO .GOOG.GOOGLE .GUGE .HANGOUT .HERE .HOME .HOW .INC .ING.KID .LIVE .LLC .LLP .LOL .LOVE .MAIL .MAP .MBA .MED.MEME .MOM .MOTO .MOV .MOVIE .MUSIC .NEW .NEXUS.PAGE .PET .PHD .PLAY .PLUS .PROD .PROF .RSVP .SEARCH.SHOP .SHOW .SITE .SOY .SPOT .SRL .STORE .TALK .TEAM.TECH .TOUR .TUBE .VIP .WEB .WOW .YOU .YOUTUBE .ZIP.みんな .グーグル .谷歌

BLOCKED

10 Applicant droped out

The GAC Advice strikes!

.kid .kids .kinder .game .games .juegos .play .school .schule .toys .earth

.eco .green .bio .organic .care .diet .fit .fitness .health .healthcare .heart

.hiv .hospital .med .medical .organic .pharmacy .rehab .surgery .clinic

.healthy .dental .dentist .doctor .dds .physio .capital . cash .cashbackbonus

.broker .brokers .claims .exchange .finance .financial .fianancialaid .forex

.fund .investments .lease .loan .loans .market . markets .money .pay .payu

.retirement .save .trading .autoinsurance .bank .banque .carinsurance

.credit .creditcard .creditunion.insurance .insure ira .lifeinsurance

.mortgage .mutualfunds .mutuelle .netbank .reit .tax .travelersinsurance

.vermogensberater .vermogensberatung .versicherung. .bet .bingo .lotto

.poker .spreadbetting .casino .care .gives .giving .charity (and IDN) .degree

.mba .university.audio .book (and IDN) .broadway .film .game .games

.juegos .movie .music .software .song .tunes .fashion (and IDN) .video .app

.art .author .band .beats .cloud (and IDN) .data .design .digital .download

.entertainment .fan .fans .free .gratis .discount .sale .hiphop .media .news

.online .pictures .radio .rip .show .theater .theatre .tour .tours .tvs .video

.zip .abogado .accountant .accountants .architect .associates .attorney

.broker .brokers .cpa .doctor .dentist .dds .engineer .lawyer .legal .realtor

.realty .vet .corp .gmbh .inc .limited .llc .llp .ltda .ltd .sarl .srl .sal .town .city

.capital .reise .reisen .weather .law .army .navy .airforce .fail .gripe .sucks

The final Battle - Name Collisions

Problem: Roots servers have traffic from non existing gTLDs like peter.home or my.mailSources

• Wrong Network, router, … addressing• Email with non existing domain.tld• Type-in of non existing domain.tld• Other sources

ICANN’s new globalTrademark Laws

Is this confusing for Consumers?

.hotel.hotels.hoteis

.hoteles

.law.lawyer.legal

.abogado

.real.realestate.property

.immo.immobilien

ICANN decided on Similarity …

SIMILAR: .unicorn / .unicomSIMILAR: .sport / .sportsSIMILAR: .car / .carsSIMILAR: .shops /.购物

…NOT SIMILAR: .hotel / .hotelsNOT SIMILAR: .accountant / .accountants

Trademark Clearinghouse

A trademark:

NOT a trademark:

.amazon

.vin/.wine discussion

“ICANN is no longer the

appropriate forum to discuss Internet

governance”

DOWNSIDES

ICANN under Fire – 2015

ICANN under Fire – Whois Issues

i-hate-the-government.berlin

ICANN under Fire – Data Glitches

ICANN under Fire – gTLDs

ICANN under Fire – Public Interest

.insurance.inc .ltd

.doctor .bank

.pharmacy

ICANN under Fire – Case .africa

ICANN under Fire – Auctions

Expected > US$ 100 million revenues

ICANN under Fire – Accountability

Where areAppeal

Mechanisms toThird-Party Decisions?

ICANN under Fire – gTLD Budget

33.000.000

new gTLDdomain names

expectedin year 1 6.000.000

are reality

UPSIDES

The new Realities

• The gTLD revolution is on its waybut its a long-term story

• This new gTLD round is doing muchbetter than previous rounds

• Stakeholders are engaged• „Small is beautiful“

Two words can now describea business, an organisation ora project.

flowers.londonrihanna.ticketsmyherb.garden

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100,000 domain names

.berlin .de .com

Better Search Engine Ranking

Switching from old to new is fine

dotberlin.de nic.berlin

Key MetricsRegistrarsPricesMarketshareGeog. spreadRegistrations…

Industry Sector Scorecards

Surveys, Studies, Reports

Brands become .Brands

Governments switch to a gTLD

SOME FUTURE

New gTLD Challenges

• Universal Acceptance• IDN email• Awareness, public use & Education

flowershop.com(www.)flower.shop

What‘s next?

”The relationship of ccTLDs to ICANN and to gTLD policy would be a major evolutionary event in the historyof Internet policy and governance.”

Vinton Cerf