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.berlin presentation at European Summer School on Internet Governance 2012 in Meissen Germany
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New generic Top-Level Domains
A brief overview byDirk Krischenowski
dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG (.berlin)Meissen, 25 July 2012
Some Basics
ICANN‘s Mission
Coordinates the allocation and assignment of the three sets of unique identifiers for the Internet, which area. Domain namesb. Internet protocol ("IP") addresses and
autonomous system ("AS") numbers; andc. Protocol port and parameter numbers.
Where do we come from?
Ca. 300 ccTLDs
21 gTLDs
.de
.ni
.ch
.us
.bf
.in
.台湾…
google.de
.com.info
.aero.name
.xxx.travel
.museum. …
google.com
Distribution of Domain Names
~95 MillionDomainsccTLDs
~138 MillionDomains
gTLDs
116 Mio .com/.net
Number of TLDs
Source: www.dot-nxt.com
Some new gTLD Round Facts
• Over 6 years preparation time• US$ 185,000 application fees• Broad requirements (financial, organisational,
technical, …)• Applications submitted Jan-Mai 2012
New gTLDs
Source: www.dot-nxt.com
Over 1,200New
gTLDs
Ca. 300 ccTLDs 21
gTLDs
The Future
Source: www.dot-nxt.com
ABUDHABI Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre AFRICA UniForum SA (NPC) trading as Registry.Africa ALSACE REGION D ALSACE AMSTERDAM Gemeente Amsterdam AQUITAINE Région d’Aquitaine BAR Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima de Capital Variable BARCELONA Municipi de Barcelona BAYERN Bayern Connect GmbH BERLIN dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG BOSTON The Boston Globe Newspaper Company Inc. BRUSSELS DNS.be vzw BUDAPEST Top Level Domain Holdings Limited CAPETOWN UniForum SA (NPC) trading as ZA Central Registry CATALONIA Generalitat de Catalunya COLOGNE NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH CYMRU Nominet UK
DOHA The Supreme Council of Information and Communication Technology “ictQATAR” DOTAFRICA DotConnectAfrica Trust DUBAI Dubai eGovernment Department DURBAN UniForum SA (NPC) trading as ZA Central Registry FRL Metaregistrar B.V. GENT COMBELL GROUP NV/SA HAMBURG Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH HELSINKI City of Helsinki IST Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ISTANBUL Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality JOBURG UniForum SA (NPC) trading as ZA Central Registry KOELN NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH KYOTO Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen LONDON Dot London Domains Limited MADRID Comunidad de Madrid
MELBOURNE The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of Business and Innovation
MIAMI Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
MOSCOW Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) NAGOYA GMO Registry, Inc. NRW Minds + Machines GmbH
NYC The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications
OKINAWA BusinessRalliart inc. OSAKA Interlink Co., Ltd. OSAKA GMO Registry, Inc. PARIS City of Paris QUEBEC PointQuébec Inc RIO Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO ROMA Top Level Domain Holdings Limited RYUKYU BusinessRalliart inc. SAARLAND dotSaarland GmbH SCOT Dot Scot Registry Limited STOCKHOLM Stockholms kommun
SYDNEY State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet TAIPEI Taipei City Government TIROL punkt Tirol GmbH TOKYO GMO Registry, Inc. VEGAS Dot Vegas, Inc. VLAANDEREN DNS.be vzw WALES Nominet UK WIEN punkt.wien GmbH YOKOHAMA GMO Registry, Inc. ZUERICH Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) ZULU Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
Source: www.dot-nxt.com
GMX MAIL ACO ALLFINANZBERATER ALLFINANZBERATUNG ALLFINANZ ADAC AUDI BMW MINI BAYERN BLANCO REXROTH DEUTSCHEPOST TRUST EPOST DHL vermögensberatung POHL vermögensberater DVAG MED BERLIN HIV IMMO REISE SAARLAND VERSICHERUNG EDEKA FRESENIUS GEA HAMBURG IFM GMBH RICH ONL VIP ONLINE KSB LINDE MAN EMERCK MERCK NRW LLC LLP LTD SARL SRL KOELN COLOGNE OBI RUHR BOSCH RWE SAP SCHAEFFLER WEB SCHWARZGROUP SCHWARZ LIDL SEW SPIEGEL STADA TAXI GMBH TUI VIP BAUHAUS
IDNs
Source: www.dot-nxt.com
Source: www.dot-nxt.com
Source: www.dot-nxt.com
What does this mean?
Only a small add-on in Numbers
~95 MillionDomainsccTLDs
~138 MillionDomains
gTLDs~20-40 Million
new gTLD Domainsexpected
Multiple Naming Options for Google
google.com/blogblog.google.com
blog.googlegoogle.blog
…
101 Google Applications
.ADS .AND .ANDROID .APP .ARE .BABY .BLOG .BOO .BOOK .BUY .CAL .CAR .CHANNEL .CHROME .CLOUD .CORP .CPA .DAD .DAY .DCLK .DDS .DEV .DIY .DOCS .DOG .DOT .DRIVE .EARTH .EAT .ESQ .EST .FAMILY .FILM .FLY .FOO .FREE .FUN .FYI .GAME .GBIZ .GLE .GMAIL .GMBH .GOO .GOOG .GOOGLE .GUGE .HANGOUT .HERE .HOME .HOW .INC .ING .KID .LIVE .LLC .LLP .LOL .LOVE .MAIL .MAP .MBA .MED .MEME .MOM .MOTO .MOV .MOVIE .MUSIC .NEW .NEXUS .PAGE .PET .PHD .PLAY .PLUS .PROD .PROF .RSVP .SEARCH .SHOP .SHOW .SITE .SOY .SPOT .SRL .STORE .TALK .TEAM .TECH .TOUR .TUBE .VIP .WEB .WOW .YOU .
YOUTUBE .ZIP . みんな . グーグル . 谷歌
101 Google Applications
.ADS .AND .ANDROID .APP .ARE .BABY .BLOG .BOO .BOOK .BUY .CAL .CAR .CHANNEL .CHROME .CLOUD .CORP .CPA .DAD .DAY .DCLK .DDS .DEV .DIY .DOCS .DOG .DOT .DRIVE .EARTH .EAT .ESQ .EST .FAMILY .FILM .FLY .FOO .FREE .FUN .FYI .GAME .GBIZ .GLE .GMAIL .GMBH .GOO .GOOG .GOOGLE .GUGE .HANGOUT .HERE .HOME .HOW .INC .ING .KID .LIVE .LLC .LLP .LOL .LOVE .MAIL .MAP .MBA .MED .MEME .MOM .MOTO .MOV .MOVIE .MUSIC .NEW .NEXUS .PAGE .PET .PHD .PLAY .PLUS .PROD .PROF .RSVP .SEARCH .SHOP .SHOW .SITE .SOY .SPOT .SRL .STORE .TALK .TEAM .TECH .TOUR .TUBE .VIP .WEB .WOW .YOU .
YOUTUBE .ZIP . みんな . グーグル . 谷歌
All gTLDs for Googles own exclusive use
75 Amazon Applications
.AMAZON .APP .AUDIBLE .AUTHOR .AWS .BOOK .BOT
.BOX .BUY .CALL .CIRCLE .CLOUD .COUPON .DEAL .DEV .DRIVE .FAST .FIRE .FREE .GAME .GOT .GROUP .HOT .IMDB .JOT .JOY .KIDS .KINDLE .LIKE .MAIL .MAP .MOBILE .MOI .MOVIE .MUSIC .NEWS .NOW .PAY .PIN .PLAY .PRIME .READ .ROOM .SAFE .SAVE .SEARCH .SECURE .SHOP .SHOW .SILK .SMILE .SONG .SPOT .STORE .TALK .TUNES .TUSHU .VIDEO .WANGGOU .WOW .YAMAXUN .YOU .YUN .ZAPPOS .ZERO . アマゾン . クラウド . ストア . セール . ファッション . ポイント .
亚马逊 . 家電 . 書籍 . 通販 . 食品
A closer Look
Special gTLDs
3 – Applicant Support Program
66 – Geographical Name
84 – Community-based
116 – IDNs
Intersections
Typical Operation Models
The Closed Shop
• All domain names are for exclusive use of the applicant
• No public sale of domain names
.CARTIER and most other brands
.ZUERICH / .RIO / .HELSINKI
.BOOK (by Google)
The Community
• All domain names are for exclusive use of community members
• Validation of all domain names/registrants• Other strict policies
.HOTEL
.INSURANCE
.MADRID
The Open ones
• Domain names can be registered by everybody wordwide
• Policies like .com
.APP
.ONLINE
.NYC / .LONDON
.berlin• Broad community & governmental support• Nexus requirement for registrants• Reasonable policy set
Double Strategy
• One closed shop gTLD for internal organizational use
• One open gTLD for the public
.BCN / .BARCELONA
The Monetization Guys
1. Sale/auction of some 1,000 top key domain names
2. Wait for a buyer of the whole gTLD
.HOME
.SALE
.ART
Some Issues
The Safeguards before the Root
• Public comments by everybody• Objections by eligible parties (similarity,
trademark, community, morality & public order)
• Independent Objector• Governmental Early Warnings• GAC Advice
Controversial Applications
.sex / .porn / .adult
.church / .bible
.patagonia
Still technical Challenges
IDN & email
http://gtld
Remarkable Applications
• .KERRYLOGISITICS
• Merck (2 companies – 6 applications).MERCK / .MERCK / .MERCK / .EMERCK / .MSD / .MERCKMSD
• L‘Oreal
• .IST / ISTANBUL
Remarkable Applications
• Bring your own contention set:.ALLFINANZ .ALLFINANZBERATER .ALLFINANZBERATUNG
• The 18-character league:.NORTHWESTERNMUTUAL .TRAVELERSINSURANCE .NORTHLANDINSURANCE
Past Problems
• Lengthy gTLD policy developement led to a massive 1,930 landrush
• Tech Glitches & Digital Archery
Some Problems ahead
• Monopolization of generic terms (.book, .map)• Exclusive use of generic terms (closed registry)• Multiple applications by same applicant• Similarity: .ECO / .GREEN .NGO / .NG / .NO
Some Problems ahead
What to do with the excess funds:
• ~ US$ 100 Mio. from applications• ~ US$ X00 Mio. from auctions