5506 5510.output

* GB785914 (A)

Description: GB785914 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to egg packs

Description of GB785914 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relates to Egg Packs. I, FREDERICK ROBERT BEST, Of Lurgan Boxmaking Company Limited, Boxmore Works, Lurgan, Co. Armagh, Northern Ireland, of British nationality, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to egg packs. According to the present invention I provide an egg pack made of moulded pulp and formed by interhinged base and lid portions having egg locating formations, the lid portion having through-aperture means through which the eggs may be viewed when the pack is closed. Preferably the portions are interhinged end-to-end and a plurality thereof are formed interconnected in series side-by-side, the side interconnections being formed with lines of weakening and cut-out portions so that a composite pack may be divided into smaller packs by tearing along said lines of weakening. An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Fig. 1 is a plan view of the pack, when closed; Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively front and end elevations corresponding to Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a plan view of the pack, when opened. Referring to the drawing, the pack which is made from moulded pulp consists of three base portions 1, 2, 3 inter-connected sideby-side and three lid portions 4, 5, 6 interconnected side-by-side and connected at the rear to the base portions 1 2, 3. Each base portion is provided with six egg pockets 7, and each lid portion is dished and

has a substantially flat top wall 8, and has its side walls 9 suitably shaped to assist in locating the eggs, when the pack is closed. The portions 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 have outwardly directed peripheral flange 10, 11, respectively and adjacent and interconnected flanges are provided with lines of weakening. The rear line of weakening at 12 between each lid and base portion permits the lid portions 4, 5 and 6 to be hinged on top of the base portions 1, 2, 3 to close the pack as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and the lines 12 are interspaced by cut-out portions 13 between each pair of lid and base portions. The lines of weakening 14, 15 respectively between each two lid portions and between each two base portions are interrupted by cut-out portions 14A, lSA to weaken these connections further so that portions on each side thereof may more easily be torn apart, when required. Each lid portion is provided with aperture means through which the eggs may be viewed, when the pack is closed. This means consists, in one convenient form, of two side-by-side circular holes 16, having short: inwardly directed and preferably frustoconical peripheral flanges 17 which strengthen the top wall and also assist in locating the eggs 18, as shown in Fig. 3. The size of the apertures 16 may be varied, and may for example be approximately of 13" diameter, and the number and shape of the apertures may of course be varied. As a result of the invention, eggs can be paced in the packs according to the invention at a packing station, and do not require to be handled again individually until removed from the pack by the consumer, by virtue of the fact that the eggs can be inspected through said aperture means, for example, by wholesalers and retailers. The aperture means, of course, also acts to ventilate the pack. The packs are preferably supplied, as shown, in three side-by-side half-dozen sections holding in all one and a half dozen eggs, and the composite pack can be divided in two or three sections by tearing along the lines of weakening 14, 15 as aforesaid. The packs, however, may be arranged or grouped in any other convenient manner, and other modiiications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. What I claim is: 1. An egg pack made of moulded pulp and formed by interhinged base and lid portions having egg locating formations, the lid portion having through-aperture means through which the eggs may be viewed when the pack is closed. 2. An egg pack according to Claim 1, in which the base portion is provided with egg pockets and the lid portion is of dished formation having a substantially flat top wall.

3. An egg pack according to Claim 2, in which said aperture means consists of two side-by-side circular holes. 4. An egg pack according to Claim 3, in which each hole has an inwardly directed peripheral flange which strengthens the top wall and also assists in locating the eggs in position when the pack is closed. 5. An egg pack according to any preceding claim, in which the lid and base portions have corresponding outwardly directed flanges which at the rear are interconnected and provided with a line of weakening to permit hinging. 6. An egg pack according to Claim 5, in which there are at least two lid and base portions forming a composite pack and interconnected at the side by said flanges, and the interconnected side flanges are formed with lines of weakening along which the composite pack may be divided into sections. 7. An egg pack according to Claim 6, in which said lines of weakening at the side are provided with at least one cut-out portion to facilitate separation. 8. An egg pack according to Claims 6 or 7, in which the hinge lines of weakening between tlle, or each, two lid and base portions are interspaced by cut-out portions. 9. An egg pack substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing. PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Egg Packs. I, FREDERICK ROBERT BEST, of Lurgan Boxmaking Company Limited, Boxmore Works, Lurgan, Co. Armagh, Northern Ireland, of British nationality, do hereby declare this invention to be described in the following statement: This invention relates to egg packs. According to the present invention I provide an egg pack made of moulded pulp and formed by interhinged base and lid portions having agg locating formations, the lid portion having through-aperture means through which the eggs may be viewed when the pack is closed. Preferably, the portions are interhinged end-to-end and are formed interconnected in series side-by-side the side interconnections being formed with lines of weakening and cut-out portions so that a composite pack may be divided into smaller packs by tearing along said lines of weakening. In order that the nature of the invention may be clearly understood an embodiment will now be described, by way of example. In one embodiment, the pack which is made from moulded pulp consists of three base portions interconnected side-by-side and connected endwise to the base portions.

Each base portion is provided with six egg pockets, and each lid- -portion is dished and has a substantially flat top wall, and has its side walls suitably shaped to assist in locating the eggs, when the pack is closed. Each of said portions has an outwardly directed peripheral flange and adjacent and interconnected flanges are provided with lines of weakening. The line of weakening between the lid and base portions permits the lid portions to be hinged on top of the base portions to close the pack, and this line is interrupted by cut-out portions between each pair of lid and base portions. The lines of weakening between each two lid portions and between each two base portions are interrupted by cut-out portions to weaken these connections further so that portions on each side thereof may easily be torn apart, when required. The lid portion is provided with aper

* GB785915 (A)

Description: GB785915 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in and relating to an automatic control device for a gear box


PATENT SPECIFICATION 781915 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification May 14, 1956. No 14890/56. Application made in France on May 16, 1955. Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Class 80 ( 2), D 3 (A: C). International Classification: -FO 6 h. COIMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in and relating to an Automatic Control Device for a Gear Box We, COMPAGNIE DE PONT-A-Mous SON, a French body corporate of Place Camille Cavallier, Nancy (Mourthc-et-Moselle), France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed, to be

particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to an automatic control device for an epicyclic gear box of the type having epicyclic gear trains whose toothed elements are always in mesh, this gear box being driven by a driving shaft and provided with compressed-fluid actuating devices for selecting the gear trains according to the speeds required for the motor vehicle or other machine equipped with this gear box. An object of the invention is to provide an improved automatic control device of the type comprising a pilot device controlled by a centrifugal governor mounted on the driving shaft, this pilot device controlling the movable member of a selector-distributor which connects the actuating devices of the gear box to a source of fluid under pressure. This automatic control device is characterised in that the pilot device is connected to the movable member of the selector by three servomotors acting unidirectionally, two of the servomotors having such travel that they cause said movable member of the selector to move stage by stage in opposite directions, each stage of movement corresponding to one speed change, the third servomotor having such travel that it causes said movable member to move through at least two stages in one go in the direction for changing down the speeds. By means of this arrangement, the automatic control device changes down the speeds by stages through the medium of one of the first two servomotors or, if necessary, changes down the speeds very rapidly through the medium of the first servormotor, by a direct change down from the fourth or third speed to the first speed. Another object of the invention is to prolThie 3 s 6 d 1 vide various applications of the automatic control device iand in particular a mojor unit which comprises in combination with this control device: a motor whose output shaft is connected, preferably through the medium of a hydraulic coupling, to the input shaft of the gear box provided with the hydraulic actuating devices, and a pump providing hydraulic pressure, the governor being mounted on the output shaft of the motor and preferably so adapted as to provide from the pump pressure a pressure which varies with the speed of said motor shaft and is fed, through the pilot device, to the servomotor of the selector, the actuating devices of the gear box being fed with the pressure provided by the pump through the medium of the selector which forms a distributor. Further features and advantages will be apparent from the ensuing description and accompanying drawings to which the invention is in no way limited. In the drawings: Fig 1 is a diagrammatic view of transmission unit embodying the invention, with the first speed engaged; Fig 2 is a

diagrammatic view of the device embodying invention after the second speed has been engaged; Fig 3 is a diagrammatic view of the pilot device in condition for changing down the speeds; Fig 4 is a diagrammatic view of the pilot device and the first-speed engaging ram in position for changing down to the first speed; Figs 5 to 8 are diagrammatic veiws of a modification of the pilot device respectively in positions corresponding to normal operation, changing down the speeds, changing up the speeds and changing down rapidly to the first speed, and Figs 9 and 10 are diagramamtic views of an auxiliary device which may be arranged between the nilot device and the two servomotors ensuring the stage by stage movement of the selector and is adapted, in the event of racing of the motor, to permit onl on speed change down, this auxiliary device being sho-wtvn in Fig 9 in its inoperative position (allowing normal opeartion of the unit) and in S Fig 10 in its operative position. In the embodiment shown in Figs 1 to 41 the invention controls a gear box A (Fig 1). The latter permits changing the t Cansmission ratios between a driving shaft B corresponding to the output shaft of a motor M, the gear box being connected to this shaft B for example by a hydraulic coupling C, and a driven shaft D These speed changes are effected in accordance with the speed of the driving shaft B with the aid of a centrifugal governor R mounted on the driving shaft B. The -ear box A is of the -well-known epicyclic type It Permits, for exarn^ 1 e obtaining four forward speeds and one reverse speed, each of these speeds being obtained bv admitting oil under pressure into one of five actuating devices in the form of rams V 1, V, V, V, Vn, each of which actuates the gear engaging mechanism of one of these speeds. The oil under pressure is supplied by a pump E driven by the driving shaft B The delivery side of the pump E is connected to a pipe 1 to which is branch-connected a fluid discharge valve which opens at a line pressure pm, for example, around 18 kg per so cm. Branch-connected to the pipe 1 is first a pipe 3 leading to a speed selector S which distributes the oil under pressure to one of the above-mentioned rams V,, V,, V,, V,, Vi, and, secondly, a pipe 4 feeding the centrifugal regulator R, which in turn feeds oil to a pilot device P which automatically controls the selector S for changing from first speed to fourth speed and vice versa. A check valve 3 a is disposed between the pipes 1 and 3, the ball 3 b thereof being held against its seating by a spring 3 c This valve is adapted to maintain in the pipes 1 and 4 a certain residual pressure which is less than pin and is, for example, around 12 l:cr per sq. cm., when the selector S, and in consequence the pipe 3, are connected to exhaust.

The selector S comprises an elongated body provided longitudinally with a bore 6 and radially with, first, ports 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 which communicate with the bore 6 and are connected respectively to the rams V,, Vo, V 3, V,, Vp and to exhaust, and, secondly, a port 13 connected to the pipe 3 and to a longitudinal recess 14 formed in the wall of the bore 6. Slidable in the bore 6 is a slide 15 comprising an annular recess 16 which is capable of putting the port 13 in communication with the five ports 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 This slide also comprises two recesses 17 and 18 which extend longitudinally of the slide in front of the ports 7 to 12 and are interconnected by a passageway 19 in the slide The recess 17 has such length that it is capable of putting the four ports 7, 8, 9 and 10 in communication with one another and the recess 18 is capable of putting the ports 9 and 12 in communication with each other. Further, the slide 15 comprises adjacent 70 one of its ends six notches 20 pertaining to the six successive positions thereof corresponding to the six gear box conditions ranging from reverse speed to the fourth speed These notches co-operate with a locking device 21 75 having a ball 21 a which may be used into any one of these notches by the force exerted by a spring 21 b. For manual operation of the gear box, the other end of the slide 15 is connected to a 80 rod 22 provided with a recess 23 in which is engaged a shifting fork 24 connected by a sheathed cable 24 a to a control push-pull knob disposed on the instrument panel 26, or near the steering wheel if it concerns a motor 85 vehicle. Adjacent its end connected to the rod 22 the slide 15 is Provided with two series 27 and 28 of saw-tooth recesses The three recesses of the series 27 are arranged in the 90 opposite direction to the recesses of the series 28 The series 27 and 28 correspond respectively to the three automatic sneed changces from first speed to fourth speed and vice versa. These recesses are adanted to co-operate with 95 two servomotors, described hereinunder, for the purpose of automatically shifting the slide 15. The pipe 4 supplies oil under pressure to the governor R The latter of knowlzrn type, 100 comprises, for example, a body 90 keyed to the shaft B and rotating in two fixed distributor rings 91 and 92 The ring 91 is provided with an inner annular recess 93 with which the pipe 4 communicates This recess 105 communicates with an inlet passagewav 94 formed in the body 90 This passageway communicates with an outlet passageway 95 by way of a radial bore 96 A slide 97 slides in this bore and is provided wvith an annular 110 recess 98 which permits a variable closing of the end of the passageway 94 The space provided

above the upper face 95 of the slide 97 communicates with the passageway 95 through a passageway 100 The passageways 115 and 11 C communicate with an annular recess 101 in the ring 92 and this recess communicates with the pilot device P through a pipe 29. In order to permit the slide 97 freely to 120 return toward the axis of the shaft B when the rotational speed of the latter drops, the face 102 of the slide is in permanent communication with exhaust through a passageway 103, a recess 104 in the ring 92 and an 125 aperture 105 formed in the latter An escape jet 106 is inserted in the pipe 29. The governor R controls the oil pressure in the pipe 29 in such manner that it varies with the speed of the driving shaft B, since for each 130 785,915 785,915 speed the slide 97 takes up a position of equilibrium under the opposing effects of the centrifugal force and the pressure prevailing in the passageways 95 and 100, and in consequence the pressure on the upper face 99 of the slide 97. Branching off the pipe 4 is a pipe 30 which does not communicate with the governor R but is directly connected to the pilot device P by two branch pipes 31 and 32 This pipe may be closed by a cock 33 when it is desired to change from first speed to fourth speed and vice versa by means of the pushpull knob 25. The pilot device P constitutes a slide distributor It comprises a body 34 provided, longitudinally, with a blind bore 35 closed by a plug 36 and, radially, with ports 37; 38, 39 and 40 connected to exhaust and communicating with the bore 35 Also communicating with the latter and constituting inlets are the pipe 29 from the governor R, the branch pipes 31 and 32 from the pump E, and a pipe 41 connected below the check valve 3 a to the pipe 3 connected to the rams V,, V 2, V,, V 4, VR through the selector S Communicating with the bore 35 and constituting outlets are three pipes 42, 43 and 44 connecting the pilot device P to the above-mentioned servomotors automatically shifting the slide 15 of the selector S for changing from first to fourth speed and vice versa. Sliding in the bore 35 of the pilot device P is a slide 45 which is spring-loaded at one end by a spring 46 and subjected at its other end to the variable pressure of the oil delivered by the pipe 29 from the governor R and is in equilibrium between these two opposing actions This slide is provided with three wide annular recesses 47, 48 and 49 and a narrow annular recess 50 capable of connecting the pipes 32 and 44 It is also provided adjacent its left end, as seen in Fig 1, with a recess 51 capable of connecting the pipe 44 to the exhaust port 40. As has been hereinabove mentioned, the pilot device P controls a device having three servomotors. This device comprises, first, two operating rams W' and W 2 for the slide 15 of the selector S for automatically changing from first to

fourth speed, one ram changing up and the other changing down, and, secondly, an operating ram W, for the slide 15 for effecting an automatic return from fourth or third speed to first speed, in the event of a sudden slowing down of the shaft B. The ram W' for changing up the speeds comprises a blind bore 52 whose axis is parallel to that of the slide 15, the pipe 42 being connected to the closed end of this bore. A piston 53 slides in this bore in opposition to the action of a spring 54 which bears against an abutment 55 Piston 53 is provided with a rod 56 which extends through the abutment 55 and is provided with a slot 57 Mounted in the latter is a pawl 58 the nose of which is adapted to co-operate with the recesses 27 in the slide 15 The other end of the pawl 58 is capable of co-operating with the abutment 70 56 The pawl 58 is pivotably mounted on a pin 59 and is urged by a spring 60 in such a manner that its nose tends to engage a recess 27 The pawl 58 is longitudinally movable through an opening 61 formed in the body 5 75 of the selector The rod 56 terminates in a cylindrical portion of reduced diameter which forms a shoulder 62 capable of engaging a fixed abutment 63. The piston 53 is capable of occupying two 80 positions When it is urged by the spring 54 to the right as seen in Fig 1, the end of the pawl 58 is depressed by the abutment 55 and the nose thereof is held away from the slide 15. When oil under pressure is admitted through 85 the pipe 42 the piston is urged to the left and in the course of its travel the end of the pawl disengages from the abutment 55 and the pawl nose, urged by the spring 60, engages with a recess 27 which is disposed in front of it At 90 the end of the travel to the left (Fig 2), the shoulder 62 encounters the abutment 63 and the pawl 68 is still in engagement with the same recess of the slide 15, which has moved along with the piston 53 95 The ram W' for changing down the speeds is identical to the ram W' and its essential elements are designated throughout figures by the same reference characters carrying the letter a 100 The ram W' which ensures the automatic speed change from fourth or third speed to first speed comprises a body 64 having a blind bore 65 closed by a plug 66 Connected to one end of this bore, adjacent the plug, is the 105 pipe 44 from the pilot device P An exhaust aperture 67 is provided at the other end of the bore Sliding in the bore 65 is a piston 68 whose travel or stroke corresponds to that of the slide 15 when moving from the 110 position corresponding to the first speed to that corresponding to the fourth speed A rod 69 connected to the piston 68 is connected to the shifting fork 24 of the slide 15 by unidirectional connection means 69 a so 115 that when changing up the speeds the fork 24 shifts the piston 68 to the left as seen in Fig 1, and when

changing down the speeds, corresponding to a sudden slowing down, it is the piston 68 which shifts the slide 15 to the 120 right Moreover, when manually changing from first speed to neutral, moving the fork 24 to the right does not shift the piston 68, which is at the end of its stroke. The above-described hydraulic control 125 device operates in the following manner:Assuming the vehicle to be stationary, the motor stopped and the slide 15 in its neutral position, no oil pressure prevails in the pipes, since the pump E does not operate As soon 130 785,915 as the motor is started up the pump E dlivers oil to the pipe 4 at a pressure of around 2 kg per sq cm and the oil issues from the governor R through the pipe 29 at a pressure below 0 3 kg per sq cm This pressure is insufficient to press the slide 45 of the pilot device P to the right as seen in Fig 1 This slide 45 is in its extreme left position as shown in Fig 4 The pipe 41 connected to the supply pipe 3 for the rams V,, V 2, V,, V, and V,, is connected to exhaust Changing from neutral to first speed is effected by shifting the slide 15 of the selector S one notch 20 to the left by means of the push-pull nob 25 Fig 1 shows the position then assumed by this knob. The motor is then accelerated by depressing the accelerator pedal or other accelerating means, the rotational speed of the shaft B increases and rapidly reaches a speed of for example, about 1500 rpm corresponding to a pressure p of around 1 5 kg per sq cm This pressure admitted through the pipe 29 urges the slide 45 of the pilot device P to the position shown in Fig 1 and thereby closes the pipe 41. Oil pressure then increases in the pipes 3 and 4 and the ram V, until a pressure of around 15 kg per sq cm is reached and the vehicle starts to move The pipes 42 and 43 are connected to exhaust through the ports 38 and 39 respectively. The manner of changing up and changing down the speeds will now be described. CHANGING UP THE SPEEDS. Changing from first to second speed is effected automatically when the driving shaft B increases its rotational speed owing to acceleration of the motor, and exceeds, for example, 3000 rpm which corresponds to an oil pressure p', for example around 5 kg per sq cm The slide 45 of the pilot device P is then urged to the right to the position shown in Fig 2 under the effect of this pressure p 3 and the pipe 31 is put into comnmumcation with the pipe 42 The latter conducts the oil under pressure to one side of the piston 53 of the ram W' This piston is urged to the left, as seen in Fig 1, the end of the pawl 58 is disengaged from the abutment 55 as explained above and, under the effect of the spring 60, the nose of the pawl engages the first recess 27 of the slide 15 of the selector S when the piston 53 has travelled

half way through its stroke Thenceforth the piston 53 continues its movement and shifts the slide 15 to the left until the shoulder 62 encounters the abutment 63 The slide 15 is thus shifted to the extent of one notch 20 and the second speed is engaged The driving shaft B decreases speed and the pressure exerted on the slide 45 of the pilot device P falls below the pressure p 3 and the spring 46 urges the slide 45 to the position shown in Fig 1 in which the pipe 31 is closed and the pipe 42 connected to exhaust Thus under the effect of the spring 54 the piston 53 of the ram WI moves to the right, as seen in Fig 1, and the pawl 58 also moves without shifting the slide but disengages from the series of recesses 27 when its end once more engages the abutment 55. Changing up to third and fourth speeds is effected in the same manner each time the speed of the motor reaches the value corresponding to the set pressure p 3. It should be noted that when the slide 15 is in its position corresponding to fourth speed, the pawl 58 has such position relative to the slide that if the rotational speed of the shaft B exceeds for example, 3000 rpm and in consequence the piston 53 tends to be urged to the left as explained above, at the end of the travel of the piston 53 the nose of the pawl 58 merely engages the third recess 27 and is incapable of shifting the slide 15 to the left Thus any accidental displacement of the slide 15 beyond its top speed position is prevented, which constitutes a safety feature. CHANGING Dow N THE SPEEDS. When slowing down, the speed of the shaft B gradually decreases and the pressure in the pipe 29 is capable of dropping to value p'. The slide 45 then moves to the left and 95 returns to the position shown in Fig 3 Oil under pressure in the pipe 31 is then admitted into the pipe 43 and is conducted to the piston 53 a of the ram W 2 The same procedure as that related above for changing up the speeds 100 occurs but in the opposite direction and the pawl 58 a, in co-operating with a recess 28, shifts the slide 15 of the selector S one notch to the right, as seen in Fig 1. The next lowest speed is then engaged and 105 the shaft B rotates at a higher speed, the oil pressure increases in the pipe 29 and the slide of the pilot device P is urged to the right to the position shown in Fig 1 This causes the pawl 58 a to return to its initial position 110 It should be noted that when the first speed is engaged (Fig 1), the pawl 58 a has such position relative to the slide 15 that if the speed of the shaft B drops and if in consequence the piston 53 a tends to be urged to 115 the right as explained above, at the end of the travel of the piston 53 a the nose of the pawl 58 a merely engages the third recess 28 and is incapable of shifting the slide 15 to the right.

Thus any automatic changing from first speed 120 to neutral and to reverse speed is impossible. which constitutes a safety feature. The foregoing description relates to a progressive changing down of the speeds However, in the event of a sudden slowing down 125 for example due to a sudden release of the accelerator pedal or braking for stopping the vehicle it is possible to change down directly 785,915 from fourth or third speed to first speed in the manner now to be described. In the event of suddenly braking, the speed of the shaft B suddenly decreases The oil pressure in the pipe 29 rapidly falls below the value p, and, as a consequence of this sudden pressure drop, the slide 45 is urged to its extreme left position shown in Fig 4 Thus the pipes 32 and 44 are interconnected by the recess 50 and the pipe 41 is connected to exhaust, the pressure being admitted on the left side of the piston 68 in the ram W' This piston 68 is then moved to the right and shifts the fork 24 of the slide 15 The stroke of the piston 68 is so arranged that it reaches the end of its travel when the slide 15 is in its position corresponding to the first speed. As the pipe 41 is connected to exhaust the pressure drops in the pipe 3 and this causes an automatic disengagement of the gear box and avoids stalling the motor. When the shaft B resumes its normal running speed the slide 45 of the pilot device P returns to the second position and the vehicle once more moves off in the above-described manner. By means of this device the successive engagement within a very short period of time of each of all the speeds from the fourth or third speed to the first speed is avoided, which constitutes an appreciable advantage from the point of view of the time required for changing down from fourth to first speed. It should be noted that the cock 33 inserted in the pipe 30 above the pipes 31 and 32 relative to the oil flow permits operating the gear box A with the manual control 25 It is merely necessary to close this cock so that the rams W', W', W' are no longer fed with oil under pressure and the automatic control is rendered inoperative The manual control could be used for changing down the speeds even if the motor races, for example when running down hill and if the mechanism does not include the auxiliary device shown in Figs 9 and 10 and described hereinunder. Figs 5 to 8 show a modification Pl of the pilot device divided into two parts. This device Pl comprises a body 71 provided with two parallel blind bores 35 a and 72 The bore 35 a is closed by a plug 36 and the bore 72 by a plug 73 The body 71 is also provided with apertures 74 (connected

to the pipe 29), 37 and 40, and pipes 30, 41 and 44, all communicating with the bore 72, an aperture 31 connecting the bores 35 a and 72, and apertures 75 (connected to the pipe 29), 38 and 39 and pipes 42 and 43 all communicating with the bore 35 a. Sliding in the bore 72 is a slide 76 provided with two annular recesses 77 and 78 and a longitudinal recess 51 a which respectively put into communication the pipe 30 and the aperture 31, the pipes 30 and 44, and the aperture 40 and the pipe 44 The slide 76 is urged to the left, as seen in Fig 5, by a spring 79. Sliding in the bore 35 a is a slide 80 provided with two annular recesses 48 and 49, the recess 48 being adapted to connect the aperture 31 to the pipe 42 or the aperture 38 to the pipe 70 42, and the recess 49 connecting the aperture 31 to the pipe 43 or the aperture 39 to the pipe 43. For a pressure equal to at least p' (Fig 6), the slides 76 and 80 are urged to the left but 75 not to the full extent of their travel The pipes 41 and 44 are closed The pipe 30 communicates with the aperture 31 which communicates with the pipe 43 and the piston 53 a is thus subjected to pressure All the other 80 pipes are closed This position corresponds to changing down the speeds. For a pressure equal to at least p 2 (Fig 5), the springs 46 and 79 are further compressed. The pipe 30, the aperture 31, the pipes 41 85 and 44 are closed, and the pipes 42 and 43 are connected to exhaust by way of the apertures 38 and 39 This position corresponds to normal running of the motor. For a pressure equal to at least p' (Fig 7), 90 the slides 76 and 80 are urged still more to the right The pipe 30, the aperture 31 and the pipe 42 communicate with one another. The pipe 41 is connected to exhaust and the pipe 43 closed This position corresponds to 95 changing up the speeds. When the pressure drops below p', the slides 76 and 80 are urged to their extreme left position as shown in Fig 8 The pipes and 44 communicate with one another and 100 the pipe 41 is connected to exhaust, the pipes 42 and 43 being closed This position corresponds to a rapid change to first speed. The slide 76 is more particularly that which connects the rams V 1, V 2, V,, V 4 and VR of 105 the gear box to exhaust and thus permits a rapid change to first speed. The slide 80 is that which pertains to an auomatic changing up or down of the speeds. The device P' operates in a similar manner 110 to the device P and its operation therefore need not be described. Figs: 9 and 10 are partial views of a modification comprising an auxiliary device I inserted in the pipes 42 and 43 feeding the 115

rams W' and W' pertaining to changing up and changing down the speeds respectively. This device is adapted to permit changing down the speeds even when the motor races, as for example when the vehicle is travelling 120 down hill. The device comprises a cylinder 107 provided with a longitudinal blind bore 108 closed by a plug 109 Communicating with the bore 108 are pipes 42 and 43 and pipes 125 42 a and 43 a respectively connected to the rams W' and W 2, and a pipe 110 connected to the pipe 43 a. Sliding in the bore 108 is a slide 111 provided with two annular recesses 112 and 113 At 130 i, 785,915 on Te end, the slide is provided with an operating rod 114 terminating in an elongated slot 115. A slide 116 is disposed in this slot and is capable of being moved by a fork 117 connected to the accelerator pedal 118 of the vehicle pivotably mounted at 119 The length of the elongated slot 115 is so arranged that when the accelerator pedal exceeds its normal travel for decelerating, the slide 116 shifts the rod 114 and thus shifts the slide 111 in opposition to the action of the spring 120 compressed between the plug 109 and the other end of the slide. Thus the slide 111 is capable of occupying two positions When it is urged to the extreme left position by the action of the spring 120 (Fig 9), the pipes 42 and 42 a on one hand and pipes 43 and 43 a on the other commumcate with each other by way of the recesses 112 and 113 and the pipe 110 is closed. This position corresponds to normal running of the motor in which the supply circuits for the rams W' and W 2 are not reversed. When the slide 111 is moved to the right and is caused to occupy the position shown in Fig 10, the springs 120 being compressed upon releasing the accelerator pedal 118, the pipes 42 and 43 communicate with the pipe 43 a by way of the recess 112 and the pipe 110 and the recess 113 The pipe 42 a is closed. Thus, irrespective of the displacement of the slide 45 of the pilot device P in the positions shown in Fig 2 or 3, oil under pressure from the pipe 31 is always conducted to the ram W 2 pertaining to changing down the speeds. This is of particular interest when the vehicle descends a very steep slope and thus causes the motor to run at a speed which may exceed the maximum speed at which changing up the speeds should normally be effected; for instead of changing up the speeds the speeds are changed down, which permits advantage to be gained from the braking action of themotor This constitutes an additional safety feature. Although specific embodiments of the invention have been hereinabove described, many modifications and changes may be made therein without

departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Thus the selector could be a device having a rotating member instead of a slide, the rams or servomotors W', W 2 and W' being in this case adapted to shift a rod provided with a rack which drives said rotating member of the selector by way of a toothed wheel provided on the member for this purpose.

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* GB785916 (A)

Description: GB785916 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to chucks


e I PATTPE I ' I, PA Ti|E NT SPECA 3 FICAIO 13 N -se 785,916 Inventor:-FRANK DODGSON. Late of 111 ig Complete Specificltion: Nov 18, 1953. Application D ate: Nov 18, 1952 N Yo 29066 /52. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance: Class 83 '3), Bl, E 2 (F: G: EX: I: P 1: R: W Y 2 A 1). International Classification:-B 23 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Chucks. :, ,hooh the iaws SPECIFICATION NO 785, 916 INVENTOR FRANK D LDXON By a direction given Under Section 17 ( 1) of the Patents Act 1949 this application proceeded In the name of Churchill-Redinan Limited, a British coirpany, of 1323, Coventry Road,

South Yardley, Birmingham, 25. THE PATENT OFFICE, 1 ith November, 1957 DB 00131 ( 13)/3598 100 11/57 R unison, from wnien N ioiiuvl W tim J_, is the same distance (within manufacturing tolerances) from the axis of rotation of the chuck as the other jaws Thus in the case of a workpiece whose periphery is not concentric in relation to a recess formed therein for the reception of a lathe centre, the workpiece would not be evenly gripped by the jaws when it was mounted on the centre of the chuck. It is an object of this invention to provide a chuck which will compensate for such lack of concentricity in work-pieces when mounted therein. According to this invention, a chuck is provided with jaws which are pivoted in radial slots, so that the gripping portions thereof may be moved towards and away from the axis of rotation of the chuck, each jaw being formed with a curved or inclined surface adapted to be engaged by the surlace of an operating member, the operating member being capable of axial movement relatively to the chuck, to cause the jaws to be moved towards or away from the axis of rotation of the chuck, and being also free to rock so as to apply a differential lPra, inclined surfaces of all the jaws, H' ui' Ulto accommodate itself to variations in the position of the jaws relatively to the axis of rotation of the chuck, arising from lack of concentricity of the workpiece. Preferably, each jaw of the chuck has a rearward portion and a detachable gripping portion which is capable of adjustment on the rearward portion radially of the chuck. The rearward portion and gripping portion are each preferably formed with serrated or toothed mating surfaces which are arranged to resist outward movement of the gripping portion when the latter is fixed to the rearward portion. According to a preferred feature of the invention, the chuck is provided with an axially movable centre, resiliently urged to project from the front face of the chuck body This resilient centre allows a workpiece to be pressed (by the force of the centre of the tailstock) until its end engages with the front face of the chuck body or a locatina face olate fixed on the chuck Thus with this arrangement it is possible to locate workpieces longitudinally relative to the PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor:- FRANIK DODGSON. W Date of filing Comnplete Specification: Nov 18, 1953. vy 't i Application Date: Nov 18, 1952 No 29066152. I Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance: Class 83 '3), Bi, B 2 (F: G: EX: J: P 1: R: W: Y 2 A 1).

International Classification:-B 23 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Chucks. We, CHURCHILL-REDMAN LIMITED, of Pioneer Ironworks, Parkinson Lane, Halifax, in the County of York, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which S we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to chucks for lathes and similar machines. Such chucks are usually constructed with the jaws slidable outwardly and inwardly along radial slots formed in the body of the chuck The construction is usually such 1,5 that the jaws move simultaneously and in unison, from which it follows that each jaw is the same distance (within manufacturing tolerances) from the axis of rotation of the chuck as the other jaws Thus in the case of a workpiece whose periphery is not concentric in relation to a recess formed therein for the reception of a lathe centre, the workpiece would not be evenly gripped by the jaws when it was mounted on the centre of the chuck. It is an object of this invention to provide a chuck which will compensate for such lack of concentricity in work-pieces when mounted therein. According to this invention, a chuck is provided with jaws which are pivoted in radial slots, so that the gripping portions thereof may be moved towards and away from the axis of rotation of the chuck, each jaw being formed with a curved or inclined surface adapted to be engaged by the surface of an operating member, the operating member being capable of axial movement relatively to the chuck, to cause the jaws to be moved towards or away from the axis of rotation of the chuck, and being also free to rock so as to apply a differential lpri = movement to the jaws, whereby the jaws can be made to grip a workpiece which is eccentric or as asymmetric relatively to the axis of rotation of the chuck. The operating member is preferably arranged with a tapered surface or surfaces and is adapted to be moved axially with its tapered surface or surfaces in contact with a curved or inclined surface on each of the jaws, to rock the jaws about their respective pivots the operating member being also free to rock so as to engage with the curved or inclined surfaces of the jaws at different radial distances from the axis of rotation of the chuck whilst still maintaining operative contact with the curved or inclined surfaces of all the jaws, in order to accommodate itself to variations in the position of the jaws relatively to the axis of rotation of the chuck, arising from lack of concentricity of the workpiece. Preferably, each jaw of the chuck has a rearward portion and a

detachable gripping portion which is capable of adjustment on the rearward portion radially of the chuck. The rearward portion and gripping portion are each preferably formed with serrated or toothed mating surfaces which are arranged to resist outward movement of the gripping portion when the latter is fixed to the rearward portion. According to a preferred feature of the invention, the chuck is provided with an axially movable centre, resiliently urged to project from the front face of the chuck body This resilient centre allows a workpiece to be pressed (by the force of the centre of the tailstock) until its end engages with the front face of the chuck body or a locating face plate fixed on the chuck Thus with this arrangement it is possible to locate workpieces longitudinally relative to the 785,916 chuck (The end of the chuck body from which the gripping portions of the jaw project is regarded as the front end). The invention will now be particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 is a sectional end elevation of a chuck constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig 2 is a front elevation in direction of arrow "A" in Fig 1. The chuck comprises a body part 1 having three radial slots 3 in which jaws 5 are pivoted about pivot pins 6 fixed in the body 1. Setscrews 8 are provided to fix the pivot pins in the body, and lubricating nipples 10 and passages 12 are provided for the pivot pins 6 Each jaw 5 comprises a gripping portion 7, and a rearward portion 9 which constitutes the part on which the operating member, hereinafter referred to, operates The rearward portion extends somewhat downwardly (assuming the jaw to be in a position above the axis of rotation of the chuck as seen in Fig 1) and on its underside is provided with a surface 11 which is conveniently curved and which generally slopes outwardly towards the front face of the chuck 1. Within the chuck is an operating member 13 and this is conveniently provided with three inclined surfaces 15 each of which is adapted to engage with one of the surfaces Or 3 on the rearward portions 9 of the jaws 5 above described The operating member 13 is carried by a rod 17 which is movable longitudinally by hydraulic or pneumatic mechanism A universal joint, not shown in the accompanying drawings, is provided in connection between the operating member and the hydraulic or pneumatic mechanism to allow of rocking movement of the operating member 13. Within a hole 19 in each rearward portion of the jaws is a spring 21 the outer end of the spring protruding therefrom and engaging, through the intermediary of a thimble 23 an inner face 25 (e g a rear inclined o face) of the slot 3 in which the jaw 5 is pivoted These springs 21 tend to keep the jaws 5 in contact with the operating member 13 and to

retain them in position with their surfaces 11 in engagement with the operate ing member 13 when the operating member is in its most forward position. The gripping portion 7 of each jaw, is attached to a tenon 27 by means of setscrews 31, and the tenon is slidable in a radial groove 28, abutments (not shown) on the tenon 27 engaging with the walls 30 of the groove 28 The mating surfaces of the gripping portion 7 and the rearward portion 9 are serrated so as to resist outward movement of the gripping portion when the latter is pulled against the face 29 of the rearward portion 9 by tightening the setscrews 31. A resilient cover 16 is provided in each of the slots for the jaws, to prevent chippings from passing along the slots to the 70 rear of the jaws. The central portion of the chuck comprises a hub-like portion 33 in which is mounted a centre 35 for the workpiece, and the shank of the centre is bored for the 75 reception of a spring 37 The spring 37 is held between the base of the bore in the centre shank and an abutment 39 mounted in the rear of the hub 33, thus tending to move the centre 35 towards the jaws 5 in 80 the chuck, the point of the centre 35 protruding through a tapered hole in a locating face-plate 41 mounted in and secured to the hub 33. A peg 18 fixed in the hub 33 engages with 85 a groove 20 in the centre 35 and prevents release of the centre when the face-plate 41 is removed. Holes 24 are provided extending through the chuck to allow bolts to be inserted for 90 fixing the chuck to a face-Dlate 26 in the head stock of the machine on which the chuck is fitted. In using the chuck when mounted on the headstock of a lathe, the gripping portions 7 9,5 of the jaws are first adjusted by hand and secured by tightening the screws 31 in a position where they are somewhat further from the centre of the chuck than the radius of the workpiece, the operating member 13 loo being then in its forward position and the gripping portions of the jaws in the uppermost position as indicated by chain-dotted lines in Fig 1 of the accompanying drawings The workpiece is then placed in posi 105 tion between and in line with the centres of the chuck and the tail stock The tail stock is then advanced and this causes the workpiece to push the centre 35 in the chuck 1 against its spring 37 until the end face of 11 o the workpiece abuts against the locating face-plate 41, thereby providing constant longitudinal location of the workpieces relative to the operative face of the chuck The operating member 13 is then moved rear 115 wardly by hydraulic means, not shown in the accompanying drawings, and forming no part of this invention, and its inclined surfaces 15 co-oreratingx with the surfaces 11 on the

rearward portions 9 of the jaws 120 cause the rearward portions 9 of the jaws 5 to be raised and the forward portions 7 to be lowered in order to grin the workpiece. If the workpiecc should be lacking in concentricits then, for instance one 3 aw will 125 come in contact with the workpiece before the other jaws When that happens the onerating member rocks, keeping part of one of its surfaces 15 in en 2 agcmcnt with the surface 11 of that jaw as permitted by the 130 7:55,91 | 3 A chuck as claimed in either of the preceding claims, in which the operating member is arranged with a tapered surface or surfaces and is adapted to be moved axially with its tapered surface or surfaces 65 in contact with the curved or inclined surface on each of the jaws, to rock the jaws about their respective pivots, the operating member being also free to rock so as to contact with the curved or inclined surfaces of the 70 jaws at different radial distances from the axis of rotation of the chuck, whilst still maintaining operative contact with the curved or inclined surfaces of all the jaws, in order to accommodate itself to variations 75 in the position of the jaws relatively to the axis of rotation of the chuck, arising from lack of concentricity of the workpiece. 4 A chuck as claimed in any of the preceding claims, in which each jaw is sub 80 stantially balanced about its pivot. A chuck as claimed in any one of


* GB785917 (A)

Description: GB785917 (A) ? 1957-11-06

A new or improved method of manufacturing hooks


PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification: May 16, 1955. Application Date: Mlay 26, 1954 No 15485154. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 83 ( 2), A 84; and 83 ( 4), E( 7 A: 10 A 3:12), H 2 (G: S: U), H 19. International Classification:-B 23 j, k, p. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. A New or Improved Method of Manufacturing Hooks. We, CARTWRIGHT BROS (ENGINEERS) LIMITED, of 39 Vine Street, Hartshill, Near Brierley Hill, in the County of Stafford, a Company incorporated under the Laws of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and ARTHUR BENJAMIN CARTWRIGHT, of the Company's address, a British Subject, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention has reference to a new or improved method of manufacturing hooks and is concerned especially with the manufacture of hooks for heavy duty purposes such as hoisting and hauling and which are required to conform to British Standards Specifications. In order to obtain maximum strength it is vital that the grain shall flow lengthwise throughout the hook from the shank to the point or toe and in order to obtain this result it has been the custom heretofore to effect the initial shaping of the bar from which a hook is to be produced prior to drop forging, by bending, utilising for the purpose :a mechanical or hydraulically operated bending machine A bending process as aforesaid not only is ardous to the operative but takes a considerable time to perform and thus adds greatly to the cost of production. The present invention has for its object to provide a new or improved method of manufacturing hooks which ensures that the grain shall flow lengthwise throughout a hook, which increases the rate of production and which enables a hook to be produced which will conform to a British Standards Specification at a lower cost than has been possible heretofore. The invention consists in the new or imlr -,, ; proved method of manufacturing hooks for heavy duty purposes by the successive forging steps of subjecting a heated bar to a bending operation in dies which bend the bar to a partial hook formation then subjecting the partially bent bar to a bending operation in dies which bend the partially bent bar to a full hook formation and subsequently subjecting the partially formed hook to the action of finishing dies. The invention further consists in the method of manufacturing hooks

for heavy duty purposes by the successive steps of subjecting a heated bar in dies to a pointing operation, then bending the pointed end away from the bar in a die and subsequently inverting the bar and subjecting the pointed and partially bent bar to a further bending in a set of dies to bring the bar to a partial hook formation then bringing the said partially bent bar to the required full hook formation in another set of dies and subsequently subjecting the partially formed hook to the action of finishing dies. The invention also resides in the new or improved method of manufacturing hooks for heavy duty purposes substantially as will be described hereinafter. The invention further resides in hooks produced by the new or improved method of manufacture aforesaid. A manner of carrying the invention into effect will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention as applied to the production of a hook according to a British Standards Specification in which the point of the hook is required to be curved outwardly. In the drawings:Figure 1 is a perspective view showing separated the dies for producing the hook aforesaid, 785,917 785,917 Figure 2 is a similar view to Figure 1 but taken from the opposite side; Figures 3-9 are views showing the several stages in the production of the hook accordS ing to the invention; and Figure 10 is a perspective view of the complete hook. In the drawings like numerals of reference indicate similar parts in the several io views. According to the illustrated manner of carrying the invention into effect the heated bar from which the hook is to be produced is subjected to drop forging in a drop forging "hammer" equipped with a pair of die blocks A, B incorporating dies shaped so that in the first operation the operator uses the said dies to cause the end of the bar to be brought to a pointed formation, see Figure 3 and that in following drop forging operations the pointed section is first bent downwardly from the bar, see Figures 4 and 5, then the intermediate section is subjected to a bending which produces a partial hook formation, see Figures 6 and 7, whereupon the partially bent bar is further bent to the required full hook formation, see Figures 8 and 9 and finally the hook so fashioned is subjected to the action of finishing dies which may be incorporated in the same die blocks A, B or in separate die blocks. The anvil die A incorporates at the front end on the righthand side as seen in Figures 1 and 2, a rounded portion 10 on which pointing is effected and a bed 112 which terminates in a downwardly curving section.

At the lefthand side as seen in Figure 1 the anvil die is provided with a hollowed portion 11 shaped to give the requisite hook formation and a rear portion 111 on which is adapted to rest the previously bent pointed section, said rear portion 111 having associated therewith an upstanding guide 12 for assisting the manipulator in positioning the bar in readiness for the blow which produces the intermediate stage of the bending of the bar to partial hook formation, see Figure 6. At the righthand side the anvil die block A is provided with a hollow portion 13 shaped to effect the bending of the partially bent bar as produced in the lefthand portion 11 of the said anvil die A to the required full hook formation. In the centre the anvil die block A is provided with a hollow die section 14 shaped to the finished configuration to be given to the completed hook 15. The dies of the hammer die block B have a complementary shaping to the dies of the anvil die block A. The new or improved method of manufacture is performed in the following manner:The operative withdraws from the furnace the heated bar from which a hook is to be produced and places the glowing end on the die section 10 of the anvil die block A which is shaped to point the end of the bar. The hammer die block B is then caused to fall to effect the pointing of the bar Sub 70 sequently the hammer die block B is raised and the pointed end portion is placed on the bed 112 of the anvil die A with the pointed end overhanging the downwardly curved portion into which the said bed 112 merges 75 whereupon the hammer die block B is caused to fall to effect a downward bending of the pointed end about the said curved portion of the anvil die, see Figures 4 and 5 The operative then inverts the bar so that the So pointed end rests on the rear portion 111 at the lefthand side of the anvil die block A with the point in contact with the guide 12 and with the intermediate portion of the bar above the hollowed portion 11 of the anvil s 5 die block A which is to produce the bending of the bar to a partial hook formation see Figure 6. The hammer die block B is then caused to fall and thereby to force the intermediate sec 9 o tion of the bar into the hollowed portion 11 of the anvil die A and thereby effecting bending of the bar to the partial hook formation. The partially bent bar is then placed in 9 5 the hollowed portion 13 of the anvil die block A on the righthand side and the hammer die block B caused to fall to effect the bending of the partially bent portion to a hook formation, see Figure 9 1 o After th 3 bending operation the partially fo.med hook is transferred to the centre die section 14 which constitute the finishing dies and which as in current

oractice where bars are bent to shape in bending machines cause 105 the partially formed hook to acquire the required formation and occasions the severance of the fashioned hook portion from the remainder of the bar which then is returned to the furnace 110 The fashioned hook 15 is then transferred to a clipping press for the removal of the fraze. If desired the die blocks incorporating the finishing dies may be mounted in a 115 separate drop "hammer" disposed adjacent to the drop forging "hammer" in which the pointing and earlier operations are performed. In a modification not illustrated the bed 120 112 at the front of the anvil die block A, as seen in Figure 1, upon which the pointed portion is required to rest during the initial bendin may be constituted by a roller turnably mounted on a horizontal axis in l 5 order to reduce friction wl'en the bar is struck by the harmner die block B for effectina the bendina of the bar to a hook formation. Although the bending of a bar to a hook 130 which the dies for performing the pointing and the several bending operations are incorporated in a single pair of die blocks. 6 A method of manufacturing hooks as


* GB785918 (A)

Description: GB785918 (A) ? 1957-11-06

A marine directional jet propulsion unit


I, THOMAS WILLIAM SHAUGHNESSY, 121 Milling Street, Gateshead-on-Tyne, County Durham, British, do hereby

declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the propulsion and steering of boats, and is a device for the conduction of heat into water, to convert the water into steam for propulsion purposes. The accompanying drawing shows a section of the apparatus which comprises a combustion chamber and heating system inside the boat coupled to a directional propulsion nozzle outside, which is characterised by its ability to be rotated in any desired direction. The apparatus is designed to create a steam cycle, it is to feed itself with water or water vapour, by means of the different steam pressures found within the apparatus, the principle being that the heat conduction unit A in the drawing is not a closed vessel therefore the steam pressures can be unequal. As illustrated in the accompanying drawing the heat conduction unit A is a cylindrical vessel fitted with cap and other members to make it gas tight, the heating plates B comprising the vessel are metal discs as heat conductive as possible each one to form a steam tight compartment except for the correctly placed steam circulation holes. The correct -area, spacing and number of these plates to allow for quick heating and passage of the steam can be determined by experiment When the apparatus is cold and stationary, the pressure in the heat conduction unit will be atmospheric pressure 14.7 lb p s i when heat is applied to the heat conduction unit, via the combustion chamber C this pressure will become greater. lPrice 3 s 6 d l as the air inside gets hot and expands, thus to start the steam cycle within the heat conduction unit, a small quantity of pressurised water (approximately 30 lb p s i) will be forced into the unit via the pipe at D which can be valvular controlled, this water will, in relation to a temperature of 100 C. within the heating plates turn into steam and as it expands seek the easiest way out of its confinement which in this case is the water immersed propulsion nozzle, after having passed over and through all the heating plates. The combustion chamber C, in the drawing, which surrounds the heat conduction unit is formed by a heat resistant casing H, at the bottom of the casing will be the fuel oil injection ports, one of which is illustrated in the drawing at K, any number of fuel entry ports may be used Air for efficient combustion in the combustion chamber will enter it at the bottom, and to ensure entry of same, the exhaust gases will pass from the casing via the exhaust port L. By means of the retaining collar 0, which retains the neck of the

propulsion nozzle to the boat hull X and helps to couple the propulsion nozzle and heat conduction unit together, the water immersed propulsion nozzle can be rotated in any desired axial direction by connection to steering wheel or the like. Water for feed purposes will be brought through the front of the water immersed propulsion nozzle E subjected to filtering at G, for the exclusion of solids before it pnters the heat conduction unit, then with the aid of the pipe Y, the filtered water will be brought to a level corresponding with the water level outside the boat, there, by means of the U-shaped pipes at F which will redirect some of the down flowing steam this water will be blown to the top of the heat Price 2 $785,918 PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 19, 1955. if 11 Application Date: Sept 20, 1954 No 27121 /54. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6 1957. Index at Acceptance -Classes 110 ( 3), F 1 B; and 123 ( 2), A 9 C. International Classification:-FO 2 k F 22 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. A Marine Directional Jet Propulsion Unit. conduction unit, by this method and owing steam which is led to a propulsion nozzle to the heat and pressure involved the filtered adapted to be rotated in any desired direcwater should be broken down and enter the tion, characterised in that the hot combustop of the heat conduction unit as vapour tion gases flow in a general upwardly direcand thus be started on its circulating and tion over the heating system which is of a heating journey till it bursts from the water general cylindrical shape having heating immersed propulsion nozzle with sufficient plates whose externals are steam-tight formpressure and enough capacity to act as a ing separate steam-tight compartments, and propellant via the orifice Q, in said pro U-shaped steam return pipes to feed the pulsion nozzle heating system with water. The directional arrows at M show the 2 A marine directional jet propulsion


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