Bio-ChemistryPresentation

Prepared By : Balbeer Singh

Reg : 1248126 SZABIST, Karachi

An ulcer is a sore, which means it's an open, painful wound.

Peptic ulcers are ulcers that form in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, called the duodenum.

It is a small hole in the tissue lining the stomach.The size of the hole can be equal to 0.5 cm and can also be greater than 0.5 cm

Mostly the adults face the disease of Ulcer, but it has been observed that Kids can also have ulcers.

Causes

In past it has been believed that Ulcer

is mainly caused by the following: Eating Spicy food Eating Acidic foods Smoking Drinking Alcohol Poor Eating Habbits Stress

But…

In the early 1980s, researchers discovered that none of these factors cause ulcers.

In 1982 two Australian Scientists Robin Warren and Barry J.Marshall rediscovered Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria as the Causative agent of Ulcer.

Ulcer is Caused by:

Helicobacter Pylori

Use of Common Non-Steroild Anti-Inflamatory Drugs ( NASID) such as aspirin, Motrin, Naprosyn and other pain relievers

Helicobacter Pylori

Heliobacter pylori is a gram negative bacteria that causes Ulcer.

H. pylori invades the stomach mucus, it disrupts this protective layer and allows the corrosive stomach acid to come in direct contact with the delicate tissues below. This can lead to peptic ulcers.

NSAID

Aspirin and many other pain medications used to treat arthritis can cause Ulcers.

These medications damage the mucus layer of the digestive tract, thus allowing acid to come in contact with the delicate lining below.

Things that can agrravate

Ulcer

Coffee

Spicy Food

Smoking

Milk

Drinking Alcohol

Stress

Symptoms

Burning Pain in the stomach at night or during eating

Bloating Heartburn Nausea Vomiting Dark or black Stool Weight loss Hematemesis ( Vomiting of Blood )

Diagnosis

Upper Endosocopy

It involves inserting a small, lighted tube (endoscope) through the throat and into the stomach to look for abnormalities. This procedure is usually given if you are having severe symptoms of ulcers.

H.Pylori can be diagnosed by: tissue tests blood tests stool tests breath tests

Helicobacter Pylori

Treatment

Using Medications

Antacids (to lessen symptoms) Medicines that coat the surface of the

ulcer Medicines that reduce the amount of

acid produced by the stomach Antibiotics to cure Helicobacter pylori

infections

Surgery

Prevention

Don't smoke. Avoid alcohol. Don't overuse aspirin and/or NSAIDs Avoid Spicy food Chew food well

If Someone has Ulcer He / She should follow the mentioned below:

Thank You