Chapter 10Dynamics of Population

and Demography

Mr. and Mrs. Ryan Cloyd Q. Villanueva – Geraldine S. Villanueva

SocSci7: Sociology and Anthropology

Objectives to lay down the basic concepts used in the

analysis of population. may develop the ability to uncover and understand population patterns.

to be able to clearly see the implications of such patterns in the way people live their lives.

Demography: The Study of PopulationDemography – the discipline that studies the current state and changes over time in size, distribution and common of human population.

Methods of demography:1.Census2.Head Count

Demographic Variables:

1. Fertility – refers to the incidence of child bearing in a countries population.

2. Mortality – refers to the incidence of death in a countries population.

3. Migration – refers to the analysis of movement of people in and out of specific territories.

Fertility: Reproducing for SurvivalThe reproductive function of society has been lodge in the institution of the family. The unity of two and the continuation of the community is attained through Marriage.

Features of Fertility:Fecundity

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)Sex Ratio

Fecundity – the potential no. of children that women in the society are capable of bearing. It is influenced by prevailing cultural norms, economic, and personal choice.

Crude Birth Rate – the no. of babies born each year for every 1000 population. This is used as a general indicator of overall fertility of a society.

CBR= number of births total population x 1000.

Sex Ratio – refers to the no. of males per 100 females. This is an important consideration because of the direct relationship between reproduction and distribution of population according to sex.

Mortality

Life Expectancy – the average numbers of years a member of society can expect to live.

Is one of the aspects of population that is analyzed by demography. Mortality is computed thru Crude Death Rate (CDR).

CDR = numbers of deaths total population x 1000

Migration Types of Migration: Immigration is the movement of

people into a society from outside.

Emigration is the departure of people from a society.Factors Influencing Migration:

Push Factors – reasons that lead people to leave specific territories.

Pull Factors – move into other societies though is shaped by the presence of incentives such as economic opportunities, peace, and political freedom

Theories of Population

1. Robert Malthus

“The Malthusian Theory”

2. Demographic

Transition Theory3. Paul R.

Ehrlich “Zero Population Growth”

“The Malthusian Theory”Population tends to grow faster than the subsistence needed to sustain. The population grows geometrically while resources arithmetically.

Checked by two factors:1st Children were becoming an economic liability rather than an asset.2nd Technological advances in agriculture.

Demographic Transition TheoryAccording to Kingsley Davis, countries pass through a consistent sequence of population patterns linked to the degree of development in a society and end with a situation in which birth and death rate are both relatively low.

3 Stages:a.) High Birth Rate and Death Rateb.) High Birth Rate and declining Death Ratec.) Low Birth and Death Rates

Zero Population GrowthThe growth in the world population was a time bomb ready to go off with dismal consequences.Rich countries are characterize by low birth rates and aging populations while poor countries tend to have high birth rates and very young population.

Population and CultureDemographic anthropology examines not only the relationship between environment and population but also the cultural values, belief, and practices that affect fertility, mortality, and migration rates.