Yellow Fever - The Disease

By Caitlin and Molly

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Yellow Fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas. It can occur in males or females of any age. Yellow fever belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The Aedes aegypti is the mosquito that is known to carry the virus.

What is Yellow Fever?

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Aedes aegypti



Urban Yellow Fever There are two different types of yellow fever. One is Ubran

yellow fever and the other is Sylvatic (or Jungle) Yellow fever.

Urban Yellow Fever:

Disease of humans

Spread by mosquitos that have been affected by other people

Causes of most yellow fever outbreaks and epidemics:

1. Yellow fever can spread by coughing, sneezing, breathing, and handshaking.

2. Back then, people who died from yellow fever were thrown out on the streets, this made the city even more contaminated and more people were likely to get ill.









Sylvatic (or Jungle) Yellow Fever

Disease of monkeys

Starts when the mosquito bites a monkey and starts to spread

People get infected when they are in the middle of this natural cycle and are bitten by mosquitos that have been infected by monkeys.

It occurs in tropical Central and South America.

It occurs mainly among adult males 20 to 40 years old who are exposed in the tropical forests





Symptoms of Yellow Fever After a victim is struck with the fever, symptoms start to show after three to six

days. The time period of this is called the incubation period. Mild Yellow Fever symptoms include fever, headache, bloody nose, nausea, and slow heartbeat. There are about three stages to these symptoms. These symptoms are not always a sign of yellow fever.

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The First Stage of Symptoms

• High fever (104 degrees)• Headache• Dizziness• Seizures (especially in

children)• Pain in neck, back, and legs• Nausea• Vomiting• Yellow eyes• Bloody nose and/or gums







The Second stage

• After three days the fever and symptoms may get better which begins the second stage

• New symptoms:

• Bleeding

• Confusion

• Anuria (complete stop in the production of urine)



The Third Stage

• Fever returns; heart rate slows down

• Other symptoms:

• Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)

• Continued nose bleeds

• Vomiting blood

• Problems in live, kidneys, lungs, or other organs (possibly could lead to kidney failure

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Headache



Jaundice

THE BONE TINGLING EPIDEMICS

New York City-1690, 1803

Philadelphia-1793-1798

New Orleans-1847, 1878

Corpus Christi TX-1867

Jacksonville, FL-1888

Cuba-1898

Yellow fever is one of the most tragic diseases in

history. It had so many epidemics around the world. After the epidemics, each city lost over half of their population.

New York City

New Orleans

Philadelphia

Treatments back then

In 1793, treatments weren’t nearly as advanced as they are today. A sign of yellow fever was black blood. Victims were bled because doctors believed letting out all of the black blood in the infected body would get rid of the virus.



Preventions

To prevent yellow fever, avoid mosquito bites in tropical areas. Also, use insect repellant, protective clothing, and vaccination. The vaccination for this virus is called Stamaril.





Vaccination

The vaccination for this virus is called Stamaril. When a vaccine enters your body, the vaccine holds a tiny portioin of the virus itself. Your body then fights off the small amount of the virus. This makes your body know how to fight off the whole virus if it ever comes back into your body.

It is recommended for all people ages 9 months or older traveling to or living in areas in Africa, South America, and other areas where yellow fever is still active. For example if you are traveling to South America and you haven’t had your vaccination they won’t let you in.





Interesting Facts

After the 1800’s yellow fever was hard to catch. There are a few reasons why this may have happened. 1. People who had yellow fever can develop life long immunity so they don’t

get yellow fever ever again. 2. A vaccine was developed 3. People who survived would never get it again 4. Some realized that bleeding did not help to cure yellow fever.

Bibliography Yellow Eyes. Blog. 23 Mar. 2009 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2326/1547821169_1df38a1f80_o.jpg&imgrefurl=http://

thussin.blogspot.com/2007_10_01_archive.html&usg=__GI_QwCzznyvZG10UohxsEzA7BnU=&h=629&w=500&sz=125&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=ORhYZogl6MUAnM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dyellow%2Beyes%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG>.

We used this picture because it was a good example of a symptom of yellow fever.

Yellow Eyes. Blog. 23 Mar. 2009 <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8HuboIWEc7E/SB_pDLB1XAI/AAAAAAAAAAY/ffmbUjCPNoI/S1600-R/jaundice%2Beyes.jpg>.

We used this picture because it was another good example of yellow eyes.

http://api.ning.com/files/LC2k5F-Di-GkNI2gsE5Ouy98cyWIjfSg3GSmpr7lBHLFEMU0RKWPDWA-OfxM34zTUTSAOo9X58NxBVmb9pCd0GvZvLZ*yRRk/newyorkcity.jpg

http://www.2747.com/2747/world/city/philadelphia.jpg http://www.yellowfever.com.au/vaccine.html http://i26.photobucket.com/albums/c116/tigereyes24u/dark_2.jpg http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1569/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1569R-54070.jpg

Health & Medicine

Yellow Fever - The Disease