YELLOW FEVERCHELSEA BOOTH

WHAT IS YELLOW FEVER?Mosquito virusTropical/subtropical South America and Africa

• Spread via slave trade

TRANSMISSIONRNA virus, Flavivirus genusThrough the bite of the infected Aedes or Haemagogus speciesMosquitos get infected from the blood of infected primates3 cycles

• Jungle (Sylvatic): monkeys to mosquitos to humans working in the jungle

• Savannah: monkey to human or human to humans working in the jungle

• Urban: human to human via mosquito

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563926/figure/F2/

SYMPTOMSMany cases present no symptomsIncubation period 3-6 daysSudden onset fever, chills, headache, back pain, general body aches, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness. General improvement follows15% cases more severe. High fever, jaundice, bleeding, shock and organ failure

DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENTUse combination of symptoms, travel historyBlood test for anti-YFV antibodies where available Treat symptoms. Rest, fluid and pain medication/fever reducerNSAIDS increase risk of bleedingTake care infected people aren’t bit by mosquitos during this time to prevent spread of virus

PREVENTIONInsect repellentProtective clothingStaying indoors / air conditioningVaccination

older than 9 months, traveling to at risk areano longer need a boosterimmunocompromised should not be vaccinatedsome nations require proof of vaccination

YELLOW FEVER: THE NUMBERS1 billion people live in area where disease is commonCases increasing because: fewer immune, cities, movement, climate change200,000 infections/30,000 deaths per year

• 90% in Africa

REFERENCEShttp://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/transmission/index.htmlhttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/yellow-feverhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563926/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563926/table/T2/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563926/table/T4/http://www.frontiersoftravel.com/disease_maps/Yellow_fever_risk_map.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/RNAi-simplified.pnghttp://endtheneglect.org/2010/09/climate-change-and-the-spread-of-vector-borne-diseases/http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e73JA0uVHXI/Sf-PAHclSDI/AAAAAAAAABQ/EFysLh7RU0c/s320/Haemagogus.gif