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Dr. A. Fauzi Yahya, SpJP (K), FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
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Strategy to go for goal
in Dyslipidemia with ACS patients
A. Fauzi Yahya Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine
Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University/ Hasan Sadikin General Hospital
Bandung-Indonesia
Why We’ll Never Stop Talking about Dsylipidemia ?
Circulation 1993;88:2548-2555
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):
Circulation 1993;88:2548-2555
Coronary Angiography
Braunwald (1996)
Risk of death in patients with coronary heart disease is greatest early after an ACS
Deaths/100 patients/month
Time (months after hospital admission)
Acute MI Unstable angina Stable angina
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6
Men and Women With ACS Are at High Risk of Early Mortality
CCU=coronary care unit. Adapted from Perers E et al. Int J Cardiol. 2005;103:120-127.
30-day mortality in men and women with ACS
10.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Days after admission to CCU
Cum
ulat
ive
mor
talit
y (%
)
8.0
Men (n=1198) Women (n=546)
Pra PCI Post PCI
8
4. Plaque rupture, cholesterol content, inflammation (hs-CRP) (statins)
3. Platelet adhesion/ activation/aggregation (aspirin,clopidogrel,ticagrelor, prasugrel GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors)
2. Activation of clotting cascade – thrombin (heparin/LMWH)
1. Downstream from thrombus myocardial ischaemia/necrosis (β-blockers, nitrates etc)
Pathophysiology of ACS and potential pharmacological interventions
Platelet
GP IIb/IIIa receptor
Fibrinogen Thrombin
Fibrin clot
XXII ESC Congress (2000)
Statins Revascularisation Combined therapy 0
10
20
30
40 34% 36%
64%
50
60
Swedish registry: Early statin and revascularisation significantly reduces mortality
70
Relative risk reduction in mortality after 1 year
Plaque Stabilization/Regression
Unstable plaque Fibrous cap
Lipid core
Stable plaque
Lipid core
Fibrous cap
Inflammatory cells
Fewer inflammatory
cells
Toschi V et al. Circulation. 1997;95:594-599; Libby P. Circulation. 1995;91:2844-2850.
13
14
GRACE: Statin Therapy Improved Clinical Outcomes in ACS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
In-h
ospi
tal e
vent
s (%
)
MI after 24hours
Pulmonaryedema
Cardiogenicshock
Cardiac arrest
VT/VF Stroke Death Death, stroke,or in-hospital
MI
Hospital outcomes of patients with ACS according to statin use
On statins and continued Began in hospitalNo statin use Prior statin discontinued on admission
Discontinuation of statin therapy was associated with worse clinical outcomes in GRACE
Adapted from Spencer FA et al. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:857-866. VT=ventricular tachycardia; VF=ventricular fibrillation.
15
NRMI: Statin Use Within 24 Hours of AMI Is Associated With Reduced Early Morbidity and Mortality
Adapted from Fonarow GC et al. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:611-616.
*P<.001 vs No/No patients. Yes/yes=patients continued on statin therapy; no/yes=patients newly started on statin therapy; no/no=patients who did not receive statin therapy before or within the first 24 hours of hospitalization; yes/no=patients in whom statin therapy was discontinued.
Clinical events by statin use
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Death Heart failure Rupture Shock VT/VF Reinfarct
Yes/Yes No/Yes No/No Yes/No
Clin
ical
eve
nts
(%)
* *
*
*
*
* *
* * * *
* *
Statin initiation within 24 hours of hospitalization resulted in a 77% reduction in death compared with no statin use
Very High Risk Subjects
*P<.002 vs atorvastatin 20 mg, 40 mg; simvastatin 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg; pravastatin 20 mg, 40 mg ** P<.002 vs atorvastatin 40 mg; simvastatin 40 mg, 80 mg; pravastatin 40 mg 1. Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA, et al. Am. J. Cardiology 2003; 93: 152-160. 2. Data on file, DA-CRS-02 AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DE.
–52.4 * –55.0
**
–51.1
20 40 20 40 80 20 40 80 20 40
–60
–50
–40
–30
–20
–10
0
Rosuvastatin
(mg) Pravastatin
(mg) Atorvastatin
(mg) Simvastatin
(mg)
Mea
n Pe
rcen
t Cha
nge
From
Bas
elin
e in
LD
L-C (±S
E)
-35.0 -29.7
-24.4
-47.8
-42.6 –45.8
-38.8
Percentage Change in LDL-C: Pairwise Comparison of Rosuvastatin 20 mg and 40 mg
Lipids Safety
Lipids CRP
Safety
Lipids CRP
Safety
Patients (n=825)
18–75 years
Hospitalised for ACS (STEMI, NSTEMI, UA) within 48hrs of ischaemic symptoms
LDL-C >70mg/dL (~1.8 mmol/L)
TGs <500 mg/dL (~5.6 mmol/L)
Rosuvastatin 40 mg (n=270)
Atorvastatin 80 mg (n=278)
Rosuvastatin 20 mg (n=277)
Visit: Week:
1
4 6
5 12
2 0
3 2
Screening / baseline blood analysis
LUNAR
Study Design
ACS = acute coronary syndrome, STEMI = ST elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI = non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, UA = unstable angina, LDL-C = low-
density lipoprotein cholesterol, TGs = triglycerides, CRP = C-reactive protein
Prospective, multi-centre, randomised, open-label, parallel-group phase IIIb study
Symptom Onset
Average time from symptom onset to study drug treatment = 3.9 days
Pitt B et al. Am J Cardiol 2012; doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.12.015
LUNAR
Primary Endpoint
*p <0.05; **p <0.01 versus atorvastatin 80 mg
Time (weeks) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Rosuvastatin 20mg Rosuvastatin 40mg Atorvastatin 80 mg
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60 *
** *
Mean Change in LDL-C from Baseline (%)
Pitt B et al. Am J Cardiol 2012; doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.12.015
9.7
11.9
5.6
0
5
10
15
**
Mean change in HDL-C from baseline (%)
Rosuvastatin 20 mg
Rosuvastatin 40 mg
Atorvastatin 80 mg
***
LUNAR
Secondary Endpoint
**p< 0.01, *** p<0.001 versus atorvastatin 80 mg Pitt B et al. Am J Cardiol 2012; doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.12.015
LUNAR
Secondary Endpoints
** p<0.01, ***p<0.001 versus atorvastatin 80 mg †p< 0.05, †† p<0.01 versus rosuvastatin 20mg
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
Mean Change in Parameter from Baseline (%)
Rosuvastatin 20mg
Rosuvastatin 40mg
Atorvastatin 80mg
*** ***
***
**
***
***
†
††
Pitt B et al. Am J Cardiol 2012; doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.12.015
LUNAR
Safety & Tolerability
Variable
Rosuvastatin 20 mg/day
(n=267)
Rosuvastatin 40 mg/day
(n=263)
Atorvastatin 80 mg/day
(n=269) Any Serious AE*
28 (10.5%)
23 (8.7%)
38 (14.1%)
Serious Cardiovascular AE*
9 (3.4%)
5 (1.9%)
6 (2.2%)
Unstable angina 4 (1.5%) 3 (1.1%) 3 (1.1%) Myocardial infarction 5 (1.9%) 2 (0.8%) 2 (0.7%) Cerebrovascular accident 0 0 1 (0.4%)
Withdrawal due to AE
10 (3.7%)
16 (6.1%)
25 (9.3%)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
5 (1.9%) 6 (2.3%) 17 (6.3%)
Death*
0
2 (0.8%)
1 (0.4%)
AE = adverse event
*None of the serious AEs, serious cardiovascular AEs or deaths were considered by the investigators to be related to study treatment
Pitt B et al. Am J Cardiol 2012; doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.12.015
24
Conclusion
♦ ACS is common and represents a large burden on clinical, social, and health care systems globally
♦ A significant proportion of the burden is borne in the immediate post-ACS period (<30 days)
♦ Observational evidence suggests pretreatment with statins can impact the ACS burden:
♦ Rosuvastatin has beneficial effect in ACS patient
Thank You
25