NUTRITION AND GENOMICS

Present by: SAJJAD MORADI

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Present by:Sajjad Moradi-MS Student

Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

(TUMS), Tehran, Iran

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CONTENTSIntroductionNutrigenomics perceptsNutrigenetics, Nutrigenomics and Nutritional epigenomicsBioactive food components can influence genetic and epigenetic eventsProblemsFuture Potential

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Contents

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Introduction

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INTRODUCTION

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What is Nutrigenomics? How foods affect the expression of genetic information in an individual? How an individual’s genetic makeup metabolizes? Responds to nutrients and bioactive.

Introduction

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HISTORY Nutrient research shifted from epidemiology to genetics in past decade– Completion of Human Genome Project– Realization that there are genetic Predispositions to diseases linked to diet:Cardiovascular diseaseCancersDiabetes Type II

Introduction

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Central concept: provide the critical link between diet and healthNutritional influence on the genome and the genome’s influence on metabolism led to the concept of nutritional genomics.The notation that interactions between dietary factors and genes (or their variants) can promote health or cause disease is perhaps best captured by the term “nutrigenomics”

Introduction

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Introduction

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Genomic analysis reveals that humans are 99.9% identical at the DNA level. This implies that the remaining 0.1% of the human genome (or about 3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is responsible for all the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular differences Common genetic variation in the form of SNPs in enzyme-encoding genes can affect reaction rates in metabolic pathways that in turn, can create individual differences in the way we absorb, metabolize, store, and utilize nutrients.

Nutrigenomics percepts

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NUTRIGENOMICS PERCEPTS

The initial successes of nutrigenomics have revealed that indeed the natural variation in the human genome is responsible for significant variations in response to diets.

Therefore, the optimal diet for one individual in a population will not be the same for every individual in that population.

Just as pharmacogenomics has led to the development of “personalized drugs,” so will nutrigenomics open the way for “personalized nutrition”.

Nutrigenomics percepts

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NUTRIGENETICS, NUTRIGENOMICS AND NUTRITIONAL EPIGENOMICS

Nutrigenetics, Nutrigenomics and

epigenomics

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Nutrigenetics: Genetic variation (SNPs) that can affect how nutrient and non-nutrient bioactives are assimilated, partitioned and utilized to impact metabolism and physiologyNutrigenomics: Diet-induced changes in geneexpression that can influence network interactionsand cellular information flow Nutritional epigenomics: Diet-informed epigeneticmodifications of chromatin (DNA methylation andhistone acetylation) that can alter gene function andlong term health outcomes

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NUTRITIONAL REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Nutrigenomics includes all genetic factors, including epigenetic events, as they modulate individual genes and gene networks. From the stand-point of nutritional influences on gene expression, processes are envisioned in which dietary conditions, through either: Direct interaction of specific nutrients with transcription factors or mRNA binding proteins, More commonly, through indirect means (e.g., hormones or signaling systems), produce changes that define phenotypic expression.

Nutritional Regulation of Gene Expression

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Dietary SignalsMacronutrientsMicronutrientsEssential Vitamins and MineralsPhytochemicals (bioactives)Xenobiotics

Health OutcomesHealthLongevityPathophysiologiesDiseaseDeath

Antioxidants

Enzyme co-factors

Gene expression(epigenetics)

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Nutritional Regulation of Gene Expression

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BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS CAN INFLUENCE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EVENTSBioactive

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BioactiveTaster

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BioactiveTaster

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BioactiveTaster

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PROBLEMSFood is highly variableEffects of food are not immediateDiseases are usually affected by many genes Functions of most genes have yet to be determinedTissue or organ responsible for affect ofnutrient not always known Funding for research

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FUTURE POTENTIAL

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Form dietary intervention strategies for individuals in order to prevent diseases

Change the business models for supplement and food industries

Validate claims for food products

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Remember, before there were drugs, there was food!

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