Definition

• Nursing research : research in to those aspects of professional activity which are predominantly and appropriately the concern and responsibility of nurses.

• Aspects : nursing education, administration, nursing practice

Tujuan

• Meningkatkan ‘body of knowledge’ dan menambah apa yang telah diketahui sekarang dalam aktivitas profesi keperawatan misalnya: pendidikan, administrasi, praktek keperwatan di berbagai setting.

Purposes

• To establish scientifically defensible reasons for nursing activities.

• To provide nurses with an increased repertoire of scientific defensible nursing intervention options

• To find ways of increasing the cost effectiveness of nursing activities

• To provide a basis for standard setting and quality assurance

• To provide evidence of weaknesses and strengths in nursing

Purposes

• To provide evidence in support of demands for resources in nursing

• To satisfy the academic curiosity of thinking nurses

• To facilitate inter- disciplinary collaboration in health care research

• To facilitate multi national collaboration in nursing and nursing research

• to earn and defend a professional status for nursing.

Mengembangkan research question

Pengalaman pribadi

Peraturan nasional Ide utama

Konferensi Theoretical framework

Delphi studies

• Research question

Literature profesional

Faktor yg mempengaruhi Faktor yg

mempengaruhi

Faktor yang mempengaruhi

• Interest• Resources availability• Time available• Researcher expertise• Subject availability• Motivation• Researchable• Significant of issue• Ethical considerations• Cooperation of others

Research problem

• Masalah riset= situasi yang Masalah riset= situasi yang menggambarkan suatu keadaan yang menggambarkan suatu keadaan yang bermasalah bermasalah

• Dimulai dari area topik yang besar , Dimulai dari area topik yang besar , berfokus pada masalahberfokus pada masalah

• Topik : fokus dari risetTopik : fokus dari riset• Contoh :-merokok pada remaja, Contoh :-merokok pada remaja,

ketaatan klien pada pengobatan, ketaatan klien pada pengobatan, koping pada kecacadan, sakit dan koping pada kecacadan, sakit dan manajemennya. manajemennya.

Pemilihan topik• Ide-ide dari hal yang abstrak menjadi konkrit• Dari luas menjadi terfokus/ spesifik• Menyempitkan area/memfokuskan topik• Beberapa pertanyaan bantuan untuk

memfokuskan topik;• Apa yang terjadi dengan…..?• Apa yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi

masalah?• Apa penyebab………?• Mengapa hal ini…….?

Mengevaluasi masalah riset

• Pentingnya masalah khususnya untuk keperawatan

• Researchability masalah, apakah masalah tersebut masalah penelitian? Nilai secara etik dan scientific

• Feasibility : waktu, availability of study participants, cooperation of others, facilities and equipment, keuangan, etik, pengalaman peneliti

•ExamplesAn experienced nurse wished to explore the culture of hospice nurses , she was aware of a difference between hospital

and hospice nurses and their perceptions of the death and dying. She interviewed hospice and hospital

nurses and observed their interactions with dying patients.

• Investigation of the thoughts and Investigation of the thoughts and perceptions of relatives who cared for old perceptions of relatives who cared for old people people

• Chose a key informants ( a group of Chose a key informants ( a group of individuals who were part of an informal individuals who were part of an informal carers’group)carers’group)

• Researchers sit in on meeting , listen to Researchers sit in on meeting , listen to their ideastheir ideas

• It help her to become fIt help her to become familiar with amiliar with subculture of care and also other careers. subculture of care and also other careers.

Examples

Examples

• Holland (1993) was very interested in ritual in nursing practice. She observed a group of nurses, a cultural group, in a surgical ward setting, to find out whether ritual behavior was prevalent.

Nursing research future

• The complexity of problems in providing health care and the inability of any single discipline to respond to them comprehensively means that health care professionals must work in teams to provide integrated services to meet patients' needs

(Zungolo 1999)

Nursing research future (continue)• health professionals must develop genuine

collaborative partnerships to inform not only service and educational delivery but also the research agenda.

• Interprofessional research is characterized by the inclusion of all team members contributing to the research agenda in a particular specialty or service.

• To support this process professional hierarchical barriers need to be removed and an open culture of participation endorsed where professional knowledge and expertise can be shared to inform and develop appropriate clinical research programmes.

Limitations in collaboration researches

• Potential difficulties in conducting interprofessional research may arise from the disparities between and among health professionals, including the mal distribution of power and influence, professional hierarchies, gender and educational backgrounds (Edwards 1997, Donaldson 1999)

•Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, symmetrical, inflammatory polyarthritis with systemic manifestations. The objective of treatment is to minimise deformity and maintain physical, psychological and social functioning. The role of the rheumatologist includes diagnosing and formulating the management plan. •The nurse is instrumental in coordinating the delivery of the management plan including education, drug monitoring and using other members of the team e.g. physiotherapist. This working practice involves regular collaboration resulting in a two way communication process being used when guidance on care management and progress are required from either professional.•Nurses have been involved in running nurse-led drug monitor clinics for the assessment of patient safety and efficacy regarding their drug therapy. The clinics are also used as an opportunity for the provision of patient education and identifying when further medical input may be required.