Ppt chapter 36

Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 36

Airway Management


The Airway The Airway

• The respiratory system

• The importance of a clear airway

– Factors that jeopardize airway patency

• Upper and lower airways


QuestionQuestion

•Is the following statement true or false?

The upper airway consists of the nose and pharynx.


AnswerAnswer

True.

The upper airway consists of the nose and the pharynx, which is subdivided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.


The Airway and Related StructuresThe Airway and Related Structures


The Airway (cont’d)The Airway (cont’d)

• Structures that protect the airway from inhaled substances

– Epiglottis

– Tracheal cartilage

– Mucous membrane

– Cilia


Cilia and Mucus-Producing CellsCilia and Mucus-Producing Cells

(Refer to Figure 36-2 in the textbook.)


The Airway (cont’d)The Airway (cont’d)

• Definition of sputum:

Mucus raised to the level of the upper airways


Natural Airway Management Natural Airway Management • Liquefying secretions

– Encouraging adequate hydration

– Inhalation therapy

• Mobilizing secretions

– Postural drainage; Percussion

– Vibration


QuestionQuestion


Hydration keeps mucous membranes moist and mucus thin.


AnswerAnswer

True.

Hydration, the process of providing adequate fluid intake, tends to keep mucous membranes moist and mucus thin.


Aerosol Therapy Aerosol Therapy


Collecting a Sputum SpecimenCollecting a Sputum Specimen


Lung Segments and Corresponding Postural Drainage Positions

Lung Segments and Corresponding Postural Drainage Positions


Performing Postural DrainagePerforming Postural Drainage


Performing PercussionPerforming Percussion


Natural Airway Management (cont’d)


• Suctioning secretions

– Nasopharyngeal suctioning

– Nasotracheal suctioning

– Oropharyngeal suctioning

– Oral suctioning


QuestionQuestion

•The Yankeur-tip device is used when performing which type of suctioning?

a. Nasopharyngeal

b. Nasotracheal

c. Oropharyngeal

d. Oral


AnswerAnswer

d. Oral

Nurses perform oral suctioning, which is a removal of secretions from the mouth, using a suctioning device called a Yankeur-tip or tonsil-tip catheter.


Variations in Suction PressureVariations in Suction Pressure


Suctioning the AirwaySuctioning the Airway

(Refer to Skill 36-1 in the textbook.)


Placement of a Nasopharyngeal Tube

Placement of a Nasopharyngeal Tube




• Suctioning secretions (cont’d)

– Oropharyngeal suctioning

– Oral suctioning


Yankeur-Tip Suction Device for Oral Suctioning

Yankeur-Tip Suction Device for Oral Suctioning


Artificial Airway Management Artificial Airway Management

• Oral airway

• Tracheostomy

– Tracheostomy tube

– Tracheostomy suctioning

– Tracheostomy care


QuestionQuestion


An oral airway is a curved device preventing the tongue from obstructing the upper airway.


AnswerAnswer

True.

An oral airway is a curved device that keeps a relaxed tongue positioned forward within the mouth, preventing the tongue from obstructing the upper airway.


Inserting an Oral AirwayInserting an Oral Airway


A Cuffed Tracheostomy Tube A Cuffed Tracheostomy Tube


Suctioning Through a Tracheostomy Tube

Suctioning Through a Tracheostomy Tube

(Refer to Figure 36-10 in the textbook.)


Providing Tracheostomy Care Providing Tracheostomy Care

(Refer to Skill 36-2 in the textbook.)


Nursing Implications Nursing Implications

• Nursing diagnoses

Ineffective Airway Clearance

Impaired Gas Exchange

Risk for Infection

Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation

Anxiety

Deficient Knowledge


Ineffective Airway ClearanceIneffective Airway Clearance


General Gerontologic ConsiderationsGeneral Gerontologic Considerations

• Pathologic pulmonary changes in older adults

• Age-related changes affecting the older adult’s respiratory system

• Pneumonia in older adults

• Cough in older adults


General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)

General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)

• Respiratory secretions in older adults

• Dysphagia in older adults

• Cardiac dysrhythmias in older adults

Health & Medicine

Ppt chapter 36