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Nutrition

Introduction of digestion, absorption and metabolism

Digestion

• Catabolism

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Prenatal Development

• 1st Trimester : Gut • 2nd Trimester: Liver Intestines, ST develop Rapidly • 3rd Trimester: week21 - Fetus taking amnionic Fluid (small amount of Sugar) • Fatal Stool : meconium

Prenatal Development

• Cleft plates

• Spina Bifida

• CEREBRAL PALSY

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Cleft plates

• Reduced significantly through maternal supplementation of folic acid.

Spina Bifida

• Reduced significantly through maternal supplementation of multivitamins with folic acid.

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Cerebral palsy

• MAGNESIUM LINKED TO LOWER INCIDENCE OF CEREBRAL PALSY

Remember what we ate.

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Baby, Kids, Adults..

Zhang Organ Fu Organ

Upper Lower

•Baby Kids Adults Aged

Yang Yin

Organs of the gastrointestinal tract

• Salivary gland

• Stomach

• Pancreas

• Liver/Gall Bladder

• Small Bowel

• Large Bowel

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Salivary Gland

• Saliva

• Digestion – amylase, lipase(baby)

• Disinfectants

• Hormonal function Gustin hormone –development taste bud

• Non-physiological use

TCM and Bio

• The saliva stimulated by sympathetic innervation is thicker, and saliva stimulated parasympathetically is more watery.

• TCM

• Thick Saliva – KI

• Watery Saliva – SP

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Mechanical Digestion : Chewing Churning Segmentation

Peristalsis in the digestive Tract. (Bolus)

Chemical Digestion

• Salivary Gland : Secret Amylase – digest Starch

• Stomach : Secret HCI – denatures protein & Pepsin *HCI = hydrochloric acid

• Pancreas : Proteolytic enzymes & Lipases

• --- Degrades Proteins & Fats

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Chemical Digestion

• Liver / Gall Bladder : Bile Salt – emulsify fat globules

• Small Intestine : Degradation (Protein, Fat ; lipids, some Carbohydrates)

• --- Absoprtion (Iron; Duodenum,

• Vit B12, Bile Salt; Terminal of ileum…)

Small Intestine

• The large surface area of the small intestine facilitates absorption of nutrients into cardiovascular system(Glucose and amino acids) and lymphatic system(fats).

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Large Intestine

• The large intestine dose not produce digestive enzymes; it absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins.

• - Bacteria ; Escherichia coli

• Vitamin K

Protein

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Fat

Carbohydrate

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Digestive enzyme

• Secrets from

• - Salivary Gland

• - Stomach

• - Pancreas

• - Small Intestine

D.E. in Salivary Gland

• Bromelaine tenderizes meat and acts as an anti-inflamatory agent.

• Betaine effects cell fluid balance as osmolytes

• Salivary Amylase (also known as ptyalin) (Mouth) produced by salivary glands breaks down starch into sugar.

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D.E. in Stomach

• Pepsin is the main gastric enzyme. It breaks proteins into smaller peptide fragments. It is secreted by gastric glands.

• Gelatinase, degrades type I and type V gelatin and type IV and V collagen, which are proteoglycans in meat.

• Gastric amylase degrades starch, but is of minor significance.

• Gastric lipase is a tributyrase by its biochemical activity, as it acts almost exclusively on tributyrin, a butter fat enzyme.

• Rennin enzyme change the liquid milk to solid.

D.E in pancreas

• Trypsin breaks down proteins at the basic amino acids

• Chymotrypsin – proteolysis

• Carboxypeptidase - protease that takes off the terminal acid group from a protein

• Steapsin - degrades triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

• Elastase, nuclease, Pancreatic amylase

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D.E. in Small Bowls

• The small intestine receives lipase, trypsin and amylase from the pancreas (Duodenum)

• Sucrase

• Maltase

• Isomaltase

• Lactase

• Lipase

• peptidase

Fluids Movement in the GI tract

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GI Tract Functions •Digestion -breakdown of complex macromolecules to di & monomericmolecules. •Absorption-fuels traverse GI track to cells & tissues of the body. •Fuel sources. –Carbohydrates. –Lipids. –Proteins.

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Governs transformation and transportation

Controls Rotting and Ripening of Food

Controls Receiving and Transforming

to receive food and fluids from the Small Intestine, re-absorb some of the fluids then excrete the remainder as feces.

Five element: Wood controls Earth.

spreading Qi aids the Spleen and Stomach's digestive functions, and is important to ensure harmonious Qi movement in Middle Burner

Stagnant Liver Qi can obstruct bile flow

TCM words for digestion

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Vitamin Absorption

• Duodenum absorbs Vitamins A and B1, iron, calcium •

Jejunum copper, zinc, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, iron, fat-soluble Vitamins D, E, and K, most of the B complex, Vitamin C

• Ileum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, Vitamins C, D, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B12, and most of the water.

• Colon absorbs sodium, potassium, water, acids vitamins synthesized by bacteria (biotin and Vitamin K).

Plant, Human and Earth

• Earth Gravity

• Plant ingestion excretion

• Human ingestion excretion

• Any difference?

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