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Neurophysiological and Evolutionary TheoriesAdreena LindJuly 8, 2013Psychology 390Steve Lazarre
Introduction to Neurophysiological and Evolutionary Theories
Donald O. Hebb• Born July 22,1904, in Chester, Nova Scotia
• Graduated from Dalhousie University in 1925 aspiring to be a novelist
• Obtained his Master’s Degree from in 1932.
• In 1935, Karl Lashley, invites Hebb to accompany him to Harvard University to continue their work together and his studies
• In 1936, Hebb received his Ph.D. from Harvard University
• Wrote The Organization of Behavior in 1949
Robert C. Bolles• Born April 24, 1928, in Sacramento, California.
• Stricken with polio at an early age Bolles had to be Home-schooled until he was 12.
• Robert earned a his bachelor’s degree in 1948 and hi master’s in 1949 from Stanford University.
• Having a kinship for mathematics Bolles became a mathematician at the U.S. Navy Radiological Defense Laboratory in San Francisco.
• In 1956 Bolles received his PhD in psychology from University of California at Berkeley.
• In 1959, Bolles settling at Hollins College; where in 1967 he wrote The Theory of Motivation.
• In 1966, Bolles began working on the analysis of fear and avoidance at the University of Washington.
Contributions of Donald O. Hebb
• Learning in Aplysia
• Connections in Cell Assemblies
• Self-reinforcements of the Brain
• Work dealing with effects of Long-Term Depression
on the Brain
• Long-Term Potentiation, memory, and plasticity
Contributions of Robert C. Bolles • Emphasized the anticipation of goals
• Negated the Hullian Drive Theory
• Recognizing that motivation and learning were connected
• Perception of stimuli draws corresponding response
• Debunked the empiricist of cognitive abilities as random
Model of Hebb’s theories
Long-term Depression Long-term Potentiation
Models associated with Hebb’s theories
• Effects of Environments on Learning
• Arousal Theory
• Short and Long Term Memory
• Consolidation
Model of Bolles’ theories• Instrumental Conditioning
• Escape and Avoidance
• species-specific defensive reactions
Models associated with Bolles’ theories• Preparedness Continuum
• Innate Predispositions
• The Niche Argument
• Innate S-S and R-S expectancies
• Motivation Restricts Response Flexibility
Evolutional and Neurophysiological concepts in modern Media
Conclusion
ReferencesBolles, Robert C. (1967). Theory of Motivation. New York: Harper & Row.Bouton, M. E., & Fanselow, M. S. (1996, July). Robert C. Bolles (1928 - 1994). American Psychologist , Vol. 51(7), 1.
Olson, M.H. & Hergenhahn, B.R. (2013). An Introduction to Theories of Learning (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Raymond M. Klein (1999) Canadian Journal of Experimental: The Hebb Legacy Psychology retrieved from http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/documents/publications/cjep/special_eng.html database.