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MLS Level 3
Ms.Elham Saad
- Human anatomy : study of the structure of the human
body and the relationship of its constituent parts to each
other.
- Histology : study of tissues [including the cells] by means
of a microscope.
- Neuroanatomy : study of the nervous system, both by
gross anatomy and microscopically.
Introduction to Anatomy
TermsDefinitionAnatomicalposition
the person is standing erect, with the
upper limbs by his sides and the face
and palms of the hands are directed
forward.
Median sagittal plane
It is a vertical plane passing through the
center of the body, dividing it into 2
equal halves right and left.
Para median plane
Any plane that lies parallel to the
median plane on the right or left sides.
TermsDefinition
Coronal planes:vertical planes at right angles to the median plane.
Horizontal (transverse) planes
at right angles to both the median and coronal planes.
Terms Meaning Median on the midline.
Medial nearer to the median plane.
Lateralaway from the median plane.
Anteriornear to the front of the body.
Posteriornear to the back of the body.
In the hand:
Palmar:Dorsal:
anteriorposterior
In the foot:Plantar:
Dorsal:anterior posterior
Paramedian plane medial
lateral
median
Proximal
Distal
Terms Meaning Proximal near to the root of
the limb.
DistalFar away from the
root of the limb.
Superficial
near to the surface of the body.
Deepfar away from the surface of the body.
Superior near to the upper
end of the body.
Inferior far away from the upper end of the body.
Terms of movements
Joint: the site where 2 or more
bones meet.Movements in the sagittal plane:
1.Flexion: usually approximating
two anterior surfaces together but
sometimes two posterior surfaces
as in the knee joint.
2. Extension: straightening the joint
and usually takes place in a
posterior direction.
Movements in the coronal plane:1. Lateral flexion: movement of the
trunk or the head in the coronal plane.
2. Abduction: movement of the limb away from the midline of the body.
3. Adduction: movement of the limb toward the body.
In the hand: Abduction and adduction of fingers are
movements away from and toward the middle finger (the axis).
In the foot: Abduction and adduction of fingers are
movements away from and toward the second toe (the axis).
Terms Definitions Rotationmovement of a part of the body
around its long axis.
Medial rotationanterior surface of the part faces medially.
Lateral rotationanterior surface the part faces laterally
Pronation of the forearm
medial rotation of the forearm where the palm of hand faces posteriorly.
Supination of the forearm
the lateral rotation of the forearm where the palm of hand faces anteriorly.
Terms Definition
Circumduction
combination of flexion, abduction,
extension, and adduction in
sequence.
Protraction forward movement
Retraction Backward movement
Inversion movement of the foot so that the sole faces medially.
Eversion movement of the foot so that the
sole faces laterally.
Movements of the thumbTerms Definition
Flexion movement of the thumb medially across the palm in the coronal plane.
Extension movement of the thumb laterally away from the palm in the coronal plane.
Abduction movement of the thumb anteriorly away form the palm in the sagittal plane.
Adduction movement of the thumb posteriorly toward the palm in the sagittal plane
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