Krok 1 - 2013 Question Paper (Stomatology)

Krok 1 Stomatology 2013 1

1. Enamel hypoplasia is causedby a dominant gene localized inthe X chromosome. Mother has anormal enamel, and father has enamelhypoplasia. Which of children will havethis anomaly?

A. Only the daughtersB. All the childrenC. Only the sonsD. Half of the daughtersE. Half of the sons

2. In the perianal folds of a 5-year-oldgirl mother found white worms causi-ng itch and anxiety, and took them tothe laboratory. The study revealed whitefilament-like helminths 0,5-1 cm long, wi-th pointed, sometimes twisted, ends. Whatdiagnosis can be made?

A. DiphyllobothriasisB. DifilobotriozC. TeniasisD. AscariasisE. Opisthorchiasis

3. A hospital in Donetsk region admittedthe patients - members of the same fami-ly - with eyelid and face edemata, fever,eosinophilia, headache, muscle pain. Thedisease developed on the 7-10 day aftereating pork sausage sent by the patients’relatives from Khmelnitsky region. Whatis your provisional diagnosis?

A. TrichinosisB. EchinococcosisC. TeniasisD. CysticercosisE. Taeniarhynchosis

4. It is known that the gene responsible forthe development of the MN blood groupshas two allelic states. If the gene M isconsidered as the initial gene, the allelicgene N appeared due to:

A. MutationsB. Gene combinationsC. DNA repairD. DNA replicationE. Crossing over

5. A patient with inflammation of tonguemucosa (glossitis) complains of tastesensitivity disorder in the two anterior thi-rds of the tongue. This is caused by thelesion of the following nerve:

A. TympanichordB. TympanicC. Lesser petrosalD. LingualE. Glossopharyngeal

6. The operative dentistry departmentadmitted a newborn girl who choked duri-ng sucking. Examination revealed cleftpalate arising from non-union of the mi-ddle frontal process and maxillary processof the I-st branchial arch. The cleft waslocated in the palate between:

A. Os incisivum et processus palatinusmaxillaeB. Processus palatinus maxillae dextrae etsinistraeC. Lamina horizontalis os palatinumdextrum et sinistrumD. Processus palatinus maxillae et laminahorizontalis os palatinumE. In the region of canalis incisivus

7. X-ray of a patient in the upright posi-tion revealed the presence of air in thestomach. What part of stomach is itlocated?

A. FundusB. BodyC. CardiaD. PylorusE. Lesser curvature region

8. Examination of a teenager revealeda congenital heart disease, namely thefunctioning of Botallo’s duct. In theprenatal period of development this ductconnects the following organs:

A. Pulmonary trunk and aortaB. Right and left ventricleC. Aorta and inferior vena cavaD. Right and left atriumE. Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava

9. A patient has air embolism as a result ofa skin injury in the middle portion of thesternocleidomastoid muscle. Which cervi-cal vein was injured?

A. External jugular veinB. Anterior jugular veinC. Internal jugular veinD. Posterior auricular veinE. Transverse cervical vein

10. A patient consulted a doctor about theinflammation of the ethmoid bone cells(ethmoiditis). Examination revealed thedisorder of blood supply to the bone. Theethmoidal cells are normally supplied wi-


th blood by the branches of the followingartery:

A. A. ophthalmicaB. A. infraorbitalisC. A. facialisD. A. cerebri anteriorE. A. transversa faciei

11. A 40-year-old male has hearing impai-rment and paresis of facial musclesresulting from a blow to his head. Hewas diagnosed with a hematoma ofcerebellopontine angle. What nerves hadbeen damaged?

A. VII, VIII pair of cranial nervesB. V, VI pairs of cranial nervesC. VIII, IX pairs of cranial nervesD. IX, X pair of cranial nervesE. -

12. A patient consulted a doctor aboutan increased pain sensitivity of the earskin and ear canal. Palpation behind thesternocleidomastoid muscle was painful.Such clinical presentations are typical forthe irritation of the following nerve:

A. N.auricularis magnusB. N.occipitalis minorC. Nn.supraclavicularesD. N.vagusE. N.transversus colli

13. A woman consulted a doctor aboutswelling and tenderness of the lowerextremity, swollen veins and nodes on themedial surface of thigh. Which vein wasaffected?

A. Great saphenousB. Small saphenousC. FemoralD. PoplitealE. Tibial

14. At the recruiting office US exami-nation of a 19-year-old man revealednephroptosis. Normally the kidneysshould be located at the followingvertebral level:

A. XI thoracic and III lumbarB. IX-X thoracicC. IV-V lumbarD. XII thoracic and I lumbarE. IX-XII thoracic

15. A histological specimen representsan organ made up of skeletal cross-striated muscle tissue. The organ hascutaneous, intermediate, and mucosal

sections. The skin of the organ is stratifiedsquamous keratinizing epithelium passi-ng into nonkeratinizing epithelium in themucosal section. Specify this organ:

A. LipB. Hard palateC. CheekD. GumE. Tongue

16. During the formation of mantle dentinthe synthetic activity of odontoblasts wasdisturbed, which will have an effect on theformation of the following fibers:

A. Radial collagen Korff’s fibersB. Tangential collagen Ebner’s fibersC. ReticularD. ElasticE. Nerve

17. Histological specimen of a decalci-fied tooth represents richly vascularizedloose fibrous connective tissue containinga variety of cells. Pyriform odontoblastsof this region are arranged in several rows.What kind of dental structure is it?

A. Coronal pulpB. Root pulpC. PeriodontiumD. Mantle dentinE. Vasodentin

18. During gastrulation the Hensen’s noderemained underdeveloped in the embryo.Which axial organ will slow down itsdevelopment?

A. ChordB. Neural crestsC. Neural grooveD. Neural tubeE. Mantle layer of the neural tube

19. An examination of a 26-year-oldpatient involved histological analysis ofbone marrow punctate which revealeda significant decrease in the number ofmegakaryocytes. At the same time thefollowing blood corpuscles should bedecreased in number:

A. PlateletsB. ErythrocytesC. EosinophilsD. NeutrophilsE. B-lymphocytes

20. In course of an experiment an ani-mal had its cornea injured. What cells willprovide the regeneration of stratified epi-


thelium?

A. Basal epithelium cellsB. Cells of proper substance of corneaC. Cells of the prickle-cell layer of cornealepitheliumD. Basal membrane cellsE. Squamous cells

21. At a certain stage of development of ahuman embryo one can observe formati-on of a cavity in its structure, small lightblastomeres on the periphery and largedark blastomeres at one of the poles. Theembryo at this stage of development iscalled:

A. BlastocystB. MorulaC. ZygoteD. GastrulaE. Blastodisk

22. A specimen of the pia mater shows avessel with no middle membrane in itswall, its outer membrane adheres to thesurrounding tissues, the inner membraneis made up of the basal membrane andendothelium. Specify this vessel:

A. Fibrous veinB. Muscular vein with weakly developedmuscular elementsC. Muscular arteryD. ArteriolaE. Mixed artery

23. For an unknown reason the fertilizati-on membrane of an embryo dissolved inthe fallopian tube in the first critical peri-od. What complication of pregnancy ispossible in this case?

A. Embryo implantation into the FallopiantubeB. Embryonic deathC. Invagination of the blastocyst wallD. Return of blastocyst back to theampullary portion of the tubeE. Formation of two blastocysts

24. A patient has petechial hemorrhageson the gums, hard and soft palate, buccalmucosa. This is caused by the dysfunctionof the following blood corpuscles:

A. PlateletsB. EosinophilsC. MonocytesD. LymphocytesE. Erythrocytes

25. A tumour pressing upon the vegetati-

ve nucleus of a cranial nerve causes sali-va secretion by the parotid gland. Whatnucleus does the tumor press upon?

A. N.salivatorius inferiorB. N.salivatorius superiorC. N.dorsalis nervi vagiD. N.intermediolateralisE. N.accessorius

26. In the experiment, an animal hadits brain stem cut, which caused arapid increase of extensor muscle tone(decerebrate rigidity). This conditionarose because the muscles were no moreunder the control of the following brainstructure:

A. Red nucleusB. Blue spotC. Black substanceD. StriatumE. Gray tuber

27. Functioning of certain structures ofthe isolated heart was stopped by meansof cooling. What structure was cooledproviding that the heart first stoppedcontractions and then resumed them wi-th a frequency twice lower than the initialone?

A. Sinoatrial nodeB. Atrioventricular nodeC. His’ bundleD. His’ bundle branchesE. Purkinje’s fibers

28. Following the estimation of a person’senergy expenditures it was establishedthat the respiratory quotient was equalto 1,0. This means that the compound thatis mainly oxidized in the cells is:

A. CarbohydratesB. ProteinsC. FatsD. Proteins and carbohydratesE. Carbohydrates and fats

29. Oral mucosa of a patient was treatedwith hydrogen peroxide. Instead of foami-ng, the blood turned brown. That is possi-ble in case of reduced concentration of thefollowing enzyme:

A. CatalaseB. PseudocholinesteraseC. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenaseD. AcetyltransferaseE. Methemoglobin reductase

30. Electrophoretic study of blood serum


of a patient with pneumonia revealed anincrease in one of the protein fractions.What fraction is it?

A. Γ-globulinsB. AlbuminsC. α1-globulinsD. α2-globulinsE. β-globulins

31. When a wound heals, a scar takesits place. What substance is the maincomponent of its connective tissue?

A. CollagenB. ElastinC. Keratan sulfateD. Chondroitin sulfateE. Hyaluronic acid

32. Certain infections caused by bacteriaare treated with sulphanilamides thatblock the synthesis of bacterial growthfactor. What is the mechanism of thesedrugs action?

A. They are antivitamins of p-aminobenzoic acidB. They inhibit the folic acid absorptionC. They are allosteric enzyme inhibitorsD. They are involved in redox processesE. They are allosteric enzymes

33. Cationic glycoproteins are the majorcomponents of parotid saliva. What ami-no acids are responsible for their positivecharge?

A. Lysine, arginine, histidineB. Aspartate, glutamate, glycineC. Aspartate, arginine, glutamateD. Glutamate, valine, leucineE. Cysteine, glycine, proline

34. A patient has enamel erosion. Whatvitamin should be administered for itstreatment?

A. D3

B. CC. KD. B1

E. PP

35. A 60-year-old man consulted adoctor about an onset of chest pain.In blood serum analysis showed a si-gnificant increase in the activity of thefollowing enzymes: creatine kinase and itsMB-isoform, aspartate aminotransferase.These changes indicate the developmentof the pathological process in the followi-ng tissues:

A. Cardiac muscleB. LungsC. Skeletal musclesD. LiverE. Smooth muscles

36. After severe viral hepatitis a 4-year-old boy presents with vomiting, occasi-onal loss of consciousness, convulsions.Blood test revealed hyperammoniemia.Such condition is caused by a disorder ofthe following biochemical hepatic process:

A. Disorder of ammonia neutralizationB. Disorder of biogenic amines neutrali-zationC. Protein synthesis inhibitionD. Activation of amino acid decarboxylati-onE. Inhibition of transamination enzymes

37. A 50-year-old patient has beenexamined by a dentist and found tohave crimson smooth tongue. Bloodanalysis revealed a decrease in RBC leveland hemoglobin concentration, colourindex of 1,3, symptoms of megaloblastichematopoiesis, degenerative changes inWBCs. What blood disorder was found inthis patient?

A. B12-folic-acid-deficiency anemiaB. Iron deficiency anemiaC. Myeloid leukemiaD. Aplastic anemiaE. Hemolytic anemia

38. A pregnant women developed severetoxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiti-ng throughout a day. By the end of theday she developed tetanic convulsionsand bodily dehydration. The describedchanges were caused by the following typeof acid-base disbalance:

A. Nongaseous excretory alkalosisB. Gaseous alkalosisC. Gaseous acidosisD. Nongaseous metabolic acidosisE. Nongaseous excretory acidosis

39. After a diver had dived to a depth of 60meters he got the following symptoms ofCNS dysfunction: anxiety, euphoria, lackof attention, professional errors. Thesesymptoms are associated with neuronsbeing under a toxic effect of:


A. NitrogenB. OxygenC. Carbon dioxideD. AmmoniaE. Lactate

40. A patient with periodontitis hasdeveloped gingival edema. The gums areof dark red colour. What local circulationdisorder prevails in the gums of the pati-ent?

A. Venous hyperemiaB. Arterial hyperemiaC. IschemiaD. ThrombosisE. Embolism

41. An 18-year-old patient complains ofgeneral weakness, fatigue, low spirits. Thepatient is of the asthenic constitutiontype. Ps- 68/min., AP- 90/60 mm Hg. Shehas been found to have primary neuroci-rculatory hypotension. What is the leadingfactor of the arterial pressure drop in thispatient?

A. Decreased tonus of resistive vesselsB. Decreased minute blood volumeC. HypovolemiaD. Deposition of blood in the veins of thesystemic circulationE. Decreased cardiac output

42. A patient with a craniocerebral injurypresents with respiration characteri-zed by progressively deeper respi-ratory movements followed by a gradualdecrease that results in a temporary stopin breathing. What pattern of abnormalrespiration are these features typical for?

A. Cheyne-StokesB. Biot’sC. Kussmaul’sD. GaspingE. Apneustic

43. After the traumatic tooth extractiona patient is complaining of acute, dull,poorly-localized pain in gingiva, bodytemperature rise up to 37, 5oC. The pati-ent has been diagnosed with alveolitis.Specify the kind of pain in this patient:

A. ProtopathicB. EpicriticC. VisceralD. HeterotopicE. Phantom

44. A 10-year-old child cut his leg wi-th a piece of glass and was sent to a

clinic for an anti-tetanus serum injecti-on. In order to prevent the developmentof anaphylactic shock the Besredkadesensitisation method was applied. Whatmechanism underlies this method?

A. Binding to IgE fixed to mast cellsB. Inhibited synthesis of mast cells medi-atorsC. Stimulation of the immunological anti-gen toleranceD. Stimulation of antigen-specific IgG2

synthesisE. Binding of IgE receptors on mast cells

45. Autopsy of a 52-year-old woman witha long history of chronic glomerulonephri-tis revealed significantly reduced in si-ze, dense kidneys with a surface offine granularity; fibrinous inflammati-on of serous and mucous membranes;dystrophic changes in parenchymatousorgans; cerebral edema. The descri-bed changes of serous membranes andinternal organs are caused by the followi-ng complication:

A. UraemiaB. AnaemiaC. SepsisD. DIC syndromeE. Thrombocytopenia

46. Histological study of the bronchialwall and adjacent lung segments revealedsheets and strands of squamous epitheli-um. The cells have moderately expressedsymptoms of atypia: polymorphism,nuclear hyperchromatism, mitoses. In thecenter of the complex there are concentricpink formations. What is the most likelydiagnosis?

A. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaB. Non-keratinizing squamous cell carci-nomaC. AdenocarcinomaD. ScirrhusE. Undifferentiated carcinoma

47. Histologically, the internal wall of acyst localized on the upper jaw is linedwith stratified squamous epithelium withunderlying granulation tissue infiltratedby lymphocytes. The external layer isrepresented by loose fibrous connectivetissue surrounded by cicatrical fibrous ti-ssue. What diagnosis can be made?


A. Cystic granulomaB. Simple granulomaC. Epithelial granulomaD. KeratocystE. Ameloblastoma

48. Histological examination of thegrayish-pink elastic nodule of 0,3 cm indiameter found by a surgeon at the rootof the extracted tooth shows granulationtissue with cords of stratified squamousepithelium. What is the most likely di-agnosis?

A. Granulomatous periodontitisB. Eosinophilic granulomaC. Granulating pulpitisD. Acute apical periodontitisE. Granulating periodontitis

49. A patient with a long history of chronicperiodontitis underwent removal of amaxillary cyst located at the root of theaffected tooth. Microscopy shows that thebone wall is made up of fibrous tissue infi-ltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells.The inner surface of the cyst is covered wi-th stratified squamous epithelium with nosigns of keratinization. What is the mostlikely diagnosis?

A. Radicular cystB. Follicular cystC. Primordial cystD. Eosinophilic granulomaE. Gingival fibromatosis

50. A 77-year-old patient withatherosclerosis got pain in his right foot.The foot is enlarged, the skin is black andmacerated, the demarcation zone is notdefined clearly. What pathological processarose in the foot?

A. Wet gangreneB. Dry gangreneC. NomaD. SequestrumE. Coagulation necrosis

51. A 42-year-old man died withsymptoms of severe intoxication andrespiratory failure. A slide of lung ti-ssue was heterogenous, with multiplemicrofocal hemorrhages and foci ofemphysema. Histological examinationof lungs revealed hemorrhagic abscessi-ng bronchopneumonia; eosinophilic andbasophilic granules in the cytoplasm ofepithelial cells of bronchi. What is themost likely diagnosis?

A. InfluenzaB. ParainfluenzaC. Adenovirus infectionD. Respiratory syncytial virus infectionE. Staphylococcal bronchopneumonia

52. Autopsy of a man who died fromintraintestinal hemorrhage revealednecrosis of grouped and solitary follicles,dead tissues imbibed with bile and bloodin the ileum; sequestration and rejectionof necrotic masses with defect formati-on in the lower segment of the intestine.Which of the following diagnoses is mostlikely?

A. Typhoid fever, ulcerative stageB. Typhoid fever, "clean ulcer"stageC. Typhoid fever, necrosis stageD. Abdominal typhoid salmonellosisE. Crohn’s disease

53. Preventive examination of 1-1.5-year-old children living in an orphanagerevealed focal thickening of ribs and wri-sts, bowed legs. The dentist pointed outdelayed teething, wrong eruption order,irregular mineralization of the enamel anddentin, high-arched palate. What diseasehas developed in children?

A. RicketsB. Dystrophic calcificationC. Metabolic calcificationD. Metastatic calcificationE. Osteomalacia

54. Having recovered from anginaa 23-year-old patient developed uri-nary syndrome (hematuria, proteinuria,leukocyturia). Study of the puncturebiopsy of a kidney revealed mani-festations of intracapillary proliferati-ve glomerulonephritis, and electron mi-croscopy revealed large subepithelialdeposits. What is the pathogenesis of thisdisease?

A. Immunocomplex mechanismB. Atopy, anaphylaxis with production ofIgE and their fixation to the mast cellsC. Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodiesD. Cell-mediated cytolysisE. Granulomatosis

55. Blood serum of a newborn containsantibodies to measles virus. What kind ofimmunity is this indicative of?


A. Natural passiveB. Natural activeC. Artificial passiveD. Artificial activeE. Heredoimmunity

56. When examining a child the denti-st found the deposit on both tonsils andsuspected atypical form of diphtheria.A smear was taken, and after the nutri-ent media inoculation the toxicity of theisolated pure culture was determined.What reaction was used to determine thetoxigenicity of the isolated strain of di-phtheria bacillus?

A. Gel precipitation reactionB. Agglutination reaction on a glass slideC. Complement binding reactionD. Hemolysis reactionE. Ring precipitation reaction

57. From the fecal sample of a patient Shi-gella sonnei were isolated. What additi-onal studies are required to identify thesource of infection?

A. Phage-typing of the isolated purecultureB. AntibiogramC. Precipitation reactionD. Complement-fixation reactionE. Neutralization reaction

58. Microscopy of a smear obtained froma patient with acute purulent periostitisrevealed gram-positive bacteria arrangedin clusters resembling bunch of grapes.What microorganisms is this morphologytypical for?

A. StaphylococciB. SarcinaC. TetracocciD. Candida fungiE. Streptococci

59. A female woman has been clinicallydiagnosed with gonorrhea. Which of thefollowing studies can be used to confirmthe diagnosis?

A. Microscopy of the pathological materialB. Disinfection of laboratory animalsC. Bacteriophage testD. Hemagglutination reactionE. Immobilization reaction

60. A patient with periodontitis has beenadministered a glucocorticoid drug inform of an ointment. Specify this oi-ntment:

A. PrednisoloneB. TetracyclineC. DecamineD. AmpicillinE. Erythromycin

61. A patient has a systemic inflammatorylesion of connective tissue. Which anti-inflammatory drug will reduce all theinflammatory phases?

A. PrednisoloneB. ContrycalC. PhenylbutazoneD. IndomethacinE. Diclofenac sodium

62. During a surgery, the anesthesiologistused a ganglionic blocker for controlledhypotension. What drug was given thepatient in this case?

A. HygroniumB. BenzohexoniumC. PirilenumD. PentaminumE. Pachycarpinum

63. A patient complains about retrosternalpain, dyspnea and palpitation. Afterexamination he was diagnosed withcoronary heart disease and prescribedverapamil. What is the mechanism of itsaction?

A. It blocks calcium channelsB. It blocks α-adrenoreceptorsC. It blocks β-adrenoreceptorsD. It blocks potassium channelsE. It blocks sodium channels

64. A patient with acute heart failurerefractory to cardiac glycosides was givenan injection of dobutamine. What is themechanism of action of this drug?

A. Stimulation of β-1-adrenergic receptorsB. Complexation with membranephospholipidsC. Inhibition of K+, Na+- ATPaseD. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase activityE. Increase of n.vagus tonus

65. A patient with chronic heart fai-lure has been taking digoxin for severalmonths on an outpatient basis. Ata certain stage of treatment, he gotsymptoms of drug overdose. What effectunderlies the development of this compli-cation?


A. Material accumulationB. AdaptationC. SensibilizationD. Functional cumulationE. Tachyphylaxis

66. A patient has sustained a traumaticinjury of the greater pectoral muscle. Thisresulted in a decrease of:

A. Inspiratory reserve volumeB. Expiratory reserve volumeC. Tidal volumeD. Residual volumeE. Functional residual lung capacity

67. In the framework of complextreatment of gingivitis a patient hasbeen administered a drug that stimulatesleucopoiesis, accelerates wound healing,enhances the growth and proliferation ofcells, has the anti-inflammatory effect. Itis applied for treatment of leukopeniasof different genesis, in the dental practiceit is used for treatment of inflammatorydiseases of the oral mucosa. Identify thedrug:

A. PentoxylumB. MercaptopurineC. MethotrexateD. CyanocobalaminE. Coamide

68. Following a cold, a patient developednumbness on the right side of his face.Examination revealed a disturbance ofpain and temperature sensitivity on theright side of the face. What nerve isdamaged?

A. TrigeminalB. FacialC. GlossopharyngealD. VagusE. Hypoglossal

69. A patient from Prykarpattia (at thefoot of the Carpathian mountains) wi-th endemic goiter consulted a doctorabout suppuration of gingival angles andloosening of teeth. What is a major factorof periodontitis development in this case?

A. Endocrine disordersB. Stress effectsC. HypersalivationD. Violation of swallowingE. Malnutrition

70. A 50-year-old woman with myocardi-al infarction has been delivered to theintensive care unit. Which enzyme’s acti-

vity will be most increased during the firsttwo days?

A. Aspartate aminotransferaseB. Alanine aminotransferaseC. Alanine aminopeptidaseD. LDH4

E. LDH5

71. A patient with rheumatoid arthritishas been given hydrocortisone for a longtime. He has developed hyperglycemia,polyuria, glycosuria, thirst. These compli-cations of treatment result from the acti-vation of the following process:

A. GluconeogenesisB. GlycogenolysisC. GlycogenesisD. GlycolysisE. Lipolysis

72. A female patient presents with theovarian hyperaemia, increased permeabi-lity of the blood-follicle barrier with thedevelopment of edema, infiltration of thefollicle wall with segmental leukocytes.The follicle is large in volume. Its wall isthickened. What period of the sex cycle isthe described situation typical for?

A. Preovulatory stageB. OvulationC. Menstrual periodD. Postmenstrual periodE. Period of relative rest

73. Children often have labourednasal breathing which is caused byoverdevelopment of lymphoid tissue ofthe pharyngeal mucous membrane. Thisphenomenon may cause enlargement ofthe following tonsils:

A. Tonsilla pharyngeaB. Tonsilla palatinaC. Tonsilla lingualisD. Tonsilla tubariaE. All above-mentioned

74. The total number of leukocytes inpatient’s blood is 90 · 109/l. Leukogram:eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%,juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils -2%, segmentonuclear cells - 20%,lymphoblasts - 1%, prolymphocytes - 2%,lymphocytes - 70%, monocytes - 5%,Botkin-Gumprecht cells. Clinical exami-nation revealed enlarged cervical andsubmandibular lymph nodes. Such clinicalpresentations are typical for the followingpathology:


A. Chronic lympholeukosisB. Acute lympholeukosisC. LymphogranulomatosisD. Infectious mononucleosisE. Chronic myeloleukosis

75. A 26-year-old patient was found tohave a big furuncle of soft tissues of faceby the root of nose and inferior eyelid.This disease can be seriously complicatedby the infection spreading along veins ofthis region to the sinuses of dura brainmater. What sinus is most likely to beaffected?

A. CavernousB. Superior sagittalC. OccipitalD. SigmoidE. Petrosal

76. A patient has a history of chronicheart failure. Which of the followinghemodynamic parameters is a majorsymptom of cardiac decompensationdevelopment?

A. Decreased stroke volumeB. Tachycardia developmentC. Tonogenic dilatationD. Increased peripheral vascular resistanceE. Increased central venous pressure

77. Calcification of the intercellularsubstance of bone tissue is accompani-ed by the deposition of hydroxyapatitecrystals along the collagen fibers. Thisprocess requires the presence of alkalinephosphatase in the intercellular substance.What cell produces this enzyme?

A. OsteoblastB. OsteocyteC. OsteoclastD. ChondroblastE. Chondrocyte

78. Depressions and emotional disordersresult from noradrenaline, serotonin andother biogenic amines deficiency in brain.Concentration of these compounds insynapses can be increased by means ofantidepressants that inhibit the activity ofthe following enzyme:

A. Monoamine oxidaseB. Diamine oxidaseC. L-amino acid oxidaseD. D-amino acid oxidaseE. Phenylalanine-4-monooxigenase

79. A 30-year-old patient with pneumoniahas been administered a 3-day course of

an antibiotic from the group of azalidesthat has bactericidal effect, prolongedaction, the ability to bind to phagocyticcells and accumulate in the infection foci.What drug has been administered?

A. AzithromycinB. ErythromycinC. Benzylpenicillin sodium saltD. IsoniazidE. Ciprofloxacin

80. The patient’s mobile phone rang duri-ng EEG recording. What changes will beobserved on the EEG?

A. Alpha rhythm will change into betarhythmB. Alpha rhythm will increaseC. Beta rhythm will increaseD. Beta rhythm will change into alpharhythmE. Alpha rhythm will change into deltarhythm

81. In the armpits of a patient the small(1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wi-ngless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvaedeveloped in the armpits too. What di-sease is caused by these insects?

A. PhthiriasisB. Sleeping sicknessC. Chagas’ diseaseD. PlagueE. Relapsing fever

82. A student who unexpectedly methis girlfriend developed an increase insystemic arterial pressure. This pressurechange was caused by the intensified reali-zation of the following reflexes:

A. Conditional sympatheticB. Conditional parasympatheticC. Conditional sympathetic andparasympatheticD. Unconditional parasympatheticE. Unconditional sympathetic

83. After the exposure to ionizing radiati-on a person was found to have a decreasein blood granulocyte level. What mechani-sm underlies these changes?

A. Leikopoiesis inhibitionB. Increased passage of granulocytes intothe tissuesC. Autoimmune process developmentD. Increased disintegration of leucocytesE. Disturbed release of mature leukocytesfrom the bone marrow


84. A patient underwent lobectomy ofthe right middle lobe of a lung. Whatsegments of the lung were affected?

A. Lateral and medialB. Apical, anteriorC. Basal medial and anteriorD. Basal posterior and lateralE. Apical posterior and anterior

85. A patient was taken to a hospital wi-th dizziness, dry mouth, mydriatic pupils,accommodation disorder, tachycardia, di-fficult urination, intestinal atony. Thesesymptoms might have been caused byoverdose of the following drug:

A. Atropine sulfateB. FurosemideC. ClonidineD. CaptoprilE. Prazosin

86. A 60-year-old man with a history ofchronic intestinal obstruction has excessi-ve protein putrefaction in the colon. Whatis the indicator of this process?

A. IndicanuriaB. BilirubinuriaC. HyperuricuriaD. CreatinuriaE. Glycosuria

87. An attack of tachycardia was stoppedby pressing on the eyeballs. Which ofthe following reflexes underlies thisphenomenon?

A. Aschner reflexB. Holtz reflexC. Bainbridge reflexD. Hering reflexE. Bernard reflex

88. An unconscious patient had been deli-vered to a hospital by the ambulance.Objectively: absent reflexes, occasi-onal convulsions, irregular breathing.After a laboratory examination he wasdiagnosed with hepatic coma. Whatmetabolite accumulation is essential forthe development of the central nervoussystem disorders?

A. AmmoniaB. UreaC. GlutamineD. BilirubinE. Histamine

89. A patient of neurological departmenthas a sensitivity loss caused by the damage

to pseudounipolar neurocytes. Pseudouni-polar neurons are a kind of bipolarneurons and the only place of their locali-zation in the human body is:

A. Spinal ganglionsB. RetinaC. Spiral ganglionD. Intramural vegetative gangliaE. Thalamic tubercle

90. A patient has been diagnosed withsepsis. It was decided to treat him witha drug from the fluoroquinolone group.Specify this drug:

A. CiprofloxacinB. CefpiromeC. MetronidazoleD. AmpicillinE. Cephalexin

91. Curarelike substances (dithylinum)make it impossible for skeletal musclesto contract because they block:

A. Neuromuscular synapsesB. Central synapsesC. Ganglionic synapsesD. Membrane conduction of excitementE. Proprioceptors

92. It was established that the conductionvelocity in the nerve fibers was equal to120 m/sec. Specify these fibers:

A. Motoneuron axonsB. Preganglionic sympatheticC. Preganglionic parasympatheticD. Postganglionic sympatheticE. Postganglionic parasympathetic

93. As a result of an injury the patientis unable to move his tongue forwardand downward. Which of the followingmuscles is damaged?

A. GenioglossalB. StylohyoidC. HyoglossalD. Superior longitudinalE. Inferior longitudinal

94. Inhibitory effect of GABA is dueto the increased permeability of thepostsynaptic membrane for chloride ions.This mediator is produced as a result ofdecarboxylation of the following aminoacid:


A. GlutamateB. AspartateC. GlutamineD. AsparagineE. Arginine

95. Examination of a patient revealedglycosuria and hyperglycemia. Hecomplains of dry mouth, itchy skin,frequent urination, thirst. He has been di-agnosed with diabetes mellitus. What isthe cause of polyuria in this patient?

A. Increased urine osmotic pressureB. Decreased plasma oncotic pressureC. Increased filtration pressureD. Decreased cardiac outputE. Increased plasma oncotic pressure

96. During allergic rhinitis (inflammati-on of the nasal mucosa) the number ofbasophils in the connective tissue of themucosa increases, which is accompaniedby a tissue edema. This phenomenon isassociated with the following function oftissue basophils:

A. Histamine synthesisB. Production of intercellular substanceC. PhagocytosisD. Antibody formationE. Heat production

97. A patient has acute laryngotrachei-tis with nonproductive cough that is veryexhaustive. Prescribe an antitussive drug:

A. GlaucineB. AmbroxolC. MucaltinD. Неrbа ТhermopsidisE. Acetylcystein

98. A 37-year-old patient has has lost 5kg in weight over the past three months,he complains of hand tremor, excessi-ve sweating, exophthalmos, tachycardia.These changes might have been caused bythe increased secretion of the followinghormone:

A. ThyroxineB. CortisolC. InsulinD. GlucagonE. Thyrocalcitonin

99. Experimenters irritate the peripheralsegment of the intersected sympatheticnerve of an experimental dog. Which ofthe following changes will be observed?

A. BronchiectasisB. Heart force decreaseC. Pupil constrictionD. Heart rate decreaseE. Increased gastric and intestinal motility

100. After a person had drunk 1,5 liters ofwater, the amount of urine increased signi-ficantly, and its relative density decreasedto 1,001. These changes are a result ofdecreased water reabsorption in the distalnephron portion due to reduced secretionof:

A. VasopressinB. AldosteroneC. Angiotensin IID. ReninE. Prostaglandins

101. Tooth extraction in a patient withchronic persistent hepatitis was compli-cated by a prolonged bleeding. What isthe cause of hemorrhagic syndrome?

A. Decreased production of thrombinB. Increased production of thromboplastinC. Decreased production of fibrinD. Increased synthesis of fibrinogenE. Increased fibrinolysis

102. A 12-year-old male patient hastetanic convulsions. Which gland functi-on may be impaired in this case?

A. Glandulae parathyroidaeB. HypophisisC. Glandula thyroideaD. ThymusE. Glandula pinealis

103. A 45-year-old female patient hasneurosis with irritability, insomnia, amoti-vational anxiety. What tranquilizer will beable to eliminate all symptoms of the di-sease?

A. DiazepamB. ParacetamolC. PiracetamD. Caffeine-sodium benzoateE. Levodopa

104. A patient has been prescribed thesalt-free diet. What changes to the salttaste sensitivity threshold should beexpected?

A. DecreaseB. No changesC. Little changeD. IncreaseE. Increase followed by a decrease


105. Degeneration of glycogen in liver isstimulated by glucagon. What secondarymessenger (mediator) is thus formed inthe cell?

A. c-AMPB. c-GMPC. COD. NOE. Triacylglycerol

106. A patient consulted a doctor aboutloss of taste at the root of tongue. Thedoctor established that this was due to anerve damage. What nerve was damaged?

A. GlossopharyngealB. VagusC. FacialD. SuperlaryngealE. Trigeminal

107. Injection of an anaesthetic before thetooth extraction resulted in developmentof anaphylactic shock accompanied byoliguria. What pathogenetic mechanismcaused a decrease in diuresis in this case?

A. Decrease in hydrostatic pressure in therenal corpuscle capillariesB. Increase in hydrostatic pressure in theBowman’s capsuleC. Damage of glomerular filterD. Increase in oncotic pressure of bloodplasmaE. Increase in vasopressin secretion

108. Survey radiograph of facial skull of a16-year-old girl shows some hole-like fociof cranial bone destruction. Histologicalexamination of biopsy material revealedzones of destruction of bone trabeculae,proliferation of connective tissue withdiffuse histiocytic infiltrate and a largenumber of eosinophilic leukocytes. Di-agnose the disease:

A. Eosinophilic granulomaB. Histiocytosis XC. Fibrous dysplasiaD. OsteoclastomaE. Cherubism

109. During manipulations aimed attreatment of mandible dislocation a physi-cian should pay particular attention to amuscle that pulls a capsule and interarti-cular disc of temporomandibular arti-culation exteriorly. What muscle is it?

A. M. pterygoideus lateralisB. M. masseterC. M. pterygoideus medialisD. M. temporalisE. M. mylohyoideus

110. A 71-year-old man had been presenti-ng with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces hadadmixtures of blood and mucus. He wasdelivered to a hospital in grave conditionand died 2 days later. Autopsy of the bodyrevealed the following: diphtheritic colitiswith multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers ofdifferent depth in both sigmoid colon andrectus. Bacteriological analysis revealedShigella. What was the main disease?

A. DysenteryB. Typhoid feverC. SalmonellosisD. Nonspecific ulcerous colitisE. Yersiniosis

111. Microscopy of colonic biopsy materi-al revealed a tumour made up of prismaticepithelium and forming atypical glandularstructures of various shapes and sizes. Thebasal membrane of glands was destroyed.Tumour cells were polymorphic, withhyperchromatic nuclei and a large numberof pathological mitoses. What is the mostlikely diagnosis?

A. AdenocarcinomaB. Basal cell carcinomaC. Solid carcinomaD. Mucosal carcinomaE. Undifferentiated carcinoma

112. A physician is planning to diagnosean infectious disease by means of aggluti-nation test. What is required for thisreaction apart from the serum of a pati-ent?

A. DiagnosticumB. Diagnostic serumC. ComplementD. Hemolytic serumE. Anatoxin

113. Microscopy of a smear taken fromthe film that appeared on the peptonewater 6 hours after seeding and culturingof a fecal sample in a thermostat revealedmobile gram-negative bacteria curved inform of a comma that didn’t make sporesor capsules. What microorganisms wererevealed?


A. VibriosB. SpirochetesC. ClostridiaD. CorynebacteriaE. Spirilla

114. A patient complains of toothache. Onexamination he has been diagnosed wi-th pulpitis. Which factor played a mainpathogenic role in the development ofpain syndrome in this case?

A. Increased intratissular pressure in thedental pulpB. VasospasmC. Inadequate stimulation of a mandibularnerve branchD. Activation of one of the components ofthe complement systemE. Interleukin action

115. A 70-year-old man has developedprosphetic stomatitis. Apart of this hewas found to have an evident lesion ofmouth corners. Microscopical examinati-on revealed large ovoid gram-positivecells. What microorganisms are most li-kely to be the leading etiological agent ofsuch a lesion?

A. Candida fungiB. StreptococciC. StaphylococciD. NeisseriaE. Corynebacteria

116. Periodontitis induces the developmentof lipid peroxidation in the periodontaltissues, as well as an increase inmalondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxideconcentration in the oral cavity. Which ofthe following enzymes provides antioxi-dant protection?

A. CatalaseB. AmylaseC. MaltaseD. LactaseE. Invertase

117. A patient with a malignant neoplasmon the upper jaw had been admi-nistered morphine hydrochloride foranalgesia. The injection induced respi-ratory depression, pupil constriction,cyanosis, hypothermia, loss of consci-ousness. What antidote must be used?

A. NaloxoneB. Atropine sulfateC. DroperidolD. PromedolE. Adrenalin hydrochloride

118. The aim of the morphological studywas to investigate an endocrine glandwith parenchyma consisting of epitheli-um and neural tissue. In the epithelialtrabeculae the study revealed two typesof cells: chromophile and chromophobe.Identify this organ:

A. Pituitary glandB. Adrenal glandC. HypothalamusD. Thyroid glandE. Parathyroid gland

119. It is known that the pentosephosphate pathway occuring in the adi-pocytes of adipose tissue acts as a cycle.What is the main function of this cycle inthe adipose tissue?

A. NADPH2 generationB. Ribose-phosphate productionC. Xenobiotic detoxificationD. Energy generationE. Glucose oxidation to end products

120. A patient with symptoms of acuteheart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosisand rapid shallow breathing, has beendelivered to the emergency department.Which of these drugs is indicated in thiscase?

A. CorglyconB. DigitoxinC. CordiamineD. NitroglycerineE. Adrenalin hydrochloride

121. Examination of a chemical plantworker who had had a poisoning revealedan increase in total bilirubin concentrati-on at the expense of indirect fraction.Feces and urine are characterized by hi-gh stercobilin concentration. The level ofdirect bilirubin in blood plasma is normal.What type of jaundice is the case?

A. HemolyticB. ObstructiveC. HepaticD. ParenchymatousE. Mechanical

122. After the transfusion of theconcentrated red blood cells the patientdeveloped posttransfusion shock. What is


the leading mechanism of acute renal fai-lure in this case?

A. Glomerular filtration disorderB. Tubular reabsorption disorderC. Tubular secretion disorderD. Urinary excretion disorderE. Impairment of the renal incretoryfunction

123. A histological specimen of mandibleof an embryo shows a tooth germ with thedental papilla made up of small stellatebasophilic cells. What tissue forms thispart of the tooth germ?

A. MesenchymeB. EpithelialC. ReticularD. CartilaginousE. Osseous

124. In order to eliminate occupational ri-sks dental workers underwent vaccinati-on. The vaccine should protect them froma viral infection, whose pathogen may befound in blood of dental patients who hadhad this infection or who are its chroniccarriers. What vaccine was used?

A. Genetically engineered HBs antigenB. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccineC. Live measles vaccineD. Subunit influenza vaccineE. Anti-rabies vaccine

125. A patient has secretory dysfunctionof the submandibular salivary galnd. Whi-ch nerve is responsible for its vegetativeinnervation?

A. Сhorda tympaniB. N.auriculotemporalisC. N.mandibularisD. N.petrosus majorE. N.petrosus minor

126. A patient complains of frequentbowel movements and stool with bloodadmixtures ("raspberry jelly"stool). Mi-croscopic examination revealed largemononuclear cells with absorbed redblood cells. What protozoon is thismorphological structure typical for?

A. Entamoeba histolyticaB. Giardia lambliaC. Campylobacter jejuniD. Toxoplasma gondiiE. Balantidium coli

127. A child is 6 years old. The permanentteeth have started to take the place of the

primary teeth. What teeth are the first toemerge?

A. Lower first molarsB. Lower first premolarsC. Upper first premolarsD. Upper medial incisorsE. Lower canines

128. Examination of the oral mucosarevaled a small nodule with papi-llary surface. Histological examinationrevealed conjugate papillary proliferati-ons of stratified squamous epitheliumwithout cellular atypism and underlyi-ng stroma represented by thin-walledvessels and loose connective tissue. Whatformation has developed in a patient?

A. PapillomaB. FibromaC. FibrolipomaD. Epithelium hyperplasiaE. Basal cell carcinoma

129. A patient with mandibularosteomyelitis has been administered anantibiotic from the tetracycline group.Specify this drug:

A. Doxycycline hydrochlorideB. RifampicinC. StreptomycinD. OxacillinE. Amikacin

130. Histological specimen of mandibleshows 10 tooth buds connected to thedental plate. Which element of tooth germwill develop out of them?

A. Enamel organB. Dental bulbC. Dental sacD. Enamel spindlesE. Enamel pearls

131. After the extraction of the lower firstpremolar the patient had dentoalveolarhaemorrhage. What artery did the bleedi-ng occur from?

A. Inferior alveolarB. MentalC. Transverse facial arteryD. LingualE. Buccal

132. Vestibular surface of the left lowerincisor has a pink fungoid formationup to 2 cm large which is fixed to thesupra-alveolar tissue by a wide pedi-cle. Histological examination revealed


branched capillary vessels with multiplehemorrhages and foci of hemosiderosis.What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Angiomatous epulisB. Fibrous epulisC. Giant cell epulisD. Gingival fibromatosisE. Cavernous hemangioma

133. In a bacteriological laboratory somebacterial smears had to be stained byGram’s method. For this purpose thefollowing reagents were prepared: gentianviolet, Lugol’s solution, aqueous fuchsinsolution. What other reagent is required?

A. 96% ethanolB. 5% sulfuric acidC. Methylene blue solutionD. Carbolic fuchsinE. 3% hydrogen peroxide

134. Wilson’s disease is a disorder ofcopper transport which leads to theaccumulation of this metal in brain andliver cells. It is associated with a di-sturbance in the synthesis of the followingprotein:

A. CeruloplasminB. MetallothioneinC. TranscobalaminD. HaptoglobinE. Siderophilin

135. Reduced activity of antioxidantenzymes enhances peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids. The reduction ofglutathione peroxidase activity is causedby the following microelement deficiency:

A. SeleniumB. MolybdenumC. CobaltD. ManganeseE. Copper

136. A patient has wound abscess.Bacteriological examination of the woundcontent revealed a gram-negative baci-llus which forms semi-transparent mucouscolonies of blue-green colour with apearlescent appearance on the beef-extract agar. Culture has a specific odourof violets or jasmine. What type ofpathogen was isolated from the patient’swound?

A. P. aeruginosaB. P. vulgarisC. S. aureusD. S. pyogenesE. S. faecalis

137. A patient is 59 years old and works asdirector of a private enterprise. After theinspection by tax authorities he developedintense burning retrosternal pain radiati-ng to the left arm. After 15 minutes thepatient returned to normal. What is theleading mechanism for the developmentof stenocardia in this patient?

A. Increased level of blood catecholaminesB. Coronary atherosclerosisC. Intravascular aggregation of bloodcorpusclesD. Coronary thrombosisE. Functional overload of heart

138. Autopsy of a young man revealedsome lung cavities with inner walls madeup of granulation tissue with varyi-ng degrees of maturity; pronouncedpneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis.Some cavities had caseation areas. Whatis your presumptive diagnosis?

A. Fibrous cavernous tuberculosisB. Infiltrative tuberculosisC. Caseous pneumoniaD. Acute cavernous tuberculosisE. Bronchiectasis

139. A patient has herpetic conjunctivitis.What etiotropic drug should be admini-stered?

A. AcyclovirB. AmpicillinC. MethisazonumD. FuraginE. Tetracycline

140. A woman got infected with rubelladuring pregnancy. The child was born wi-th malformations, namely cleft lip andpalate. The child’s genotype is normal.These malformations are a manifestati-on of:

A. Modification variabilityB. PolyploidiesC. Combinatory variabilityD. Chromosomal mutationsE. Aneuploidies

141. During ventricular systole the muscledoes not respond to additional stimulati-on because it is in the phase of:


A. Absolute adiaphoriaB. Relative adiaphoriaC. Increased excitabilityD. Subnormal excitabilityE. -

142. In a hot weather, the microclimate inhot rooms is often normalized by fans.At the same time heat radiation from thehuman body increases through:

A. ConvectionB. Heat conductionC. ConductionD. RadiationE. Evaporation

143. A patient has a history of chronicobstructive bronchitis. Blood gas analysisrevealed the development of hypoxemiaand hypercapnia on the backgroundof dyspnea, tachycardia and cyanosis.What disorder of external respiration isobserved in the patient?

A. HypoventilationB. HypoperfusionC. HyperperfusionD. HyperdiffusionE. Hyperventilation

144. DNA replication occurs during thecell division when a signal is received fromthe cytoplasm, and a certain portion of theDNA helix is unwound and divided intotwo chains. The helix is unwound by thefollowing enzyme:

A. HelicaseB. RNA polymeraseC. LigaseD. RestrictaseE. DNA polymerase

145. Examples of human-specific parasi-tes are malaria plasmodium, enterobiusvermicularis and some other. The sourceof invasion of such parasites is alwaysa human. Such human-specific parasitescause diseases that are called:

A. AnthroponoticB. ZoonoticC. AnthropozoonoticD. InfectiousE. Multifactorial

146. A patient with a pronounced icteri-tiousness of skin, sclera and mucousmembranes has urine of dark beer colourand colourless feces. Direct bilirubin inblood is elevated, urine contains bilirubin.What type of jaundice is it?

A. ObstructiveB. ParenchymatousC. HemolyticD. ConjugationE. Excretory

147. On the base of the clinical data a chi-ld was diagnosed with atypical pneumoniaresistant to the effects of beta-lactam anti-biotics. The patient’s sputum was culturedand incubated in a special medium, whi-ch resulted in growth of microorganismsforming microscopic colonies with a densecenter (looking like fried eggs). What mi-croorganism caused the disease?

A. Mycoplasma pneumoniaeB. Klebsiella pneumoniaeC. Streptococcus pneumoniaeD. Legionella pneumophilaE. Chlamidia pneumoniae

148. Detection of X-chromatin in somaticcells is used for the quick diagnosis ofhereditary diseases associated with achange in the sex chromosome number.Vast majority of a man’s cells have threeX-chromatin bodies. What is the man’skaryotype?

A. 49, XXXXYB. 45, XC. 46, XYD. 47, XXYE. 48, XXXY

149. The surgically excised connective ti-ssue of the deformed mitral valve givesa basophilic reaction when stained wi-th hematoxylin and eosin. When stai-ned with toluidine blue it turns purple(metachromasia). What changes of theconnective tissue can be detected by suchreactions?

A. Mucoid edemaB. Fibrinoid necrosis of connective tissueC. Connective tissue edemaD. PetrificationE. Hyalinosis

150. Throughout a year a 37-year-oldwoman periodically got infectious di-seases of bacterial origin, their coursewas extremely lingering, remissions wereshort. Examination revealed low level ofmajor classes of immunoglobulins. The di-rect cause of this phenomenon may be thefollowing cell dysfunction:


A. PlasmocytesB. PhagocytesC. NeutrophilsD. MacrophagesE. Lymphocytes

151. An animal had been intensively fedwith carbohydrates. Histologic exami-nation of its liver revealed a significantnumber of glycogen granules. Glycogenrelates to the following group of cellstructures:

A. Trophic granulesB. Secretory granulesC. Excretory granulesD. Pigment granulesE. Special organelles

152. Nucleolus organizers of humanchromosomes 13-15, 21, 22 include about200 gene clusters that synthesize RNA.These chromosomal regions contain theinformation on the following type ofRNA:

A. rRNAB. tRNAC. mRNAD. snRNAE. tRNA + rRNA

153. A patient has the pronounced painsyndrome induced by neuralgia. Whatdrug from the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will reduce pain sensi-tivity?

A. Diclofenac sodiumB. Codeine phosphateC. Ketamine hydrochlorideD. Lidocaine hydrochlorideE. Droperidol

154. Steatosis is caused by accumulationof triacylglycerols in hepatocytes. One ofthe mechanisms of this disease is to reducethe utilization of neutral fat VLDL. Whatlipotropic substances prevent the steatosisdevelopment?

A. Methionine, B6, B12

B. Arginine, B2, B3

C. Alanine, B1, PPD. Valine, B3, B2

E. Isoleucine, B1, B2

155. Cytogenetic analysis established thatthe patient had the 47, XYY karyotype.The extra chromosome in the karyotypehas a centromere located very close toone of the chromosome ends so that onechromosomal arm is much shorter than

the other one. Such a chromosome iscalled:

A. AcrocentricB. MetacentricC. SubmetacentricD. TelocentricE. Submetacentric with a satellite

156. In course of a surgery the surgeonneeds to expose spatium antescalenum.What structure forms the posterior borderof this space?

A. M. scalenus anteriorB. M. scalenus mediusC. M. scalenus posteriorD. M. longus colliE. M. longus capitis

157. A 26-year-old woman at 40 weeks’gestation was admitted to the materni-ty ward. Examination revealed that thecervix was open, but uterine contracti-ons were absent. The doctor gave her ahormonal drug to induce labor. Specifythis drug:

A. OxytocinB. HydrocortisoneC. EstroneD. TestosteroneE. ACTH

158. A patient consulted an immunologistabout diarrhea, weight loss within severalmonths, low-grade fever, enlarged lymphnodes. The doctor suspected HIV infecti-on. What immunocompetent cells must bestudied in the first place?

A. Helper T-lymphocytesB. Suppressor T-lymphocytesC. B-lymphocytesD. MonocytesE. Plasma cells

159. A patient with arthritis and varicoseveins has been taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for a long time, whichcaused the thrombosis of cutaneous vei-ns. Which of the listed drugs might havecaused this complication?

A. CelecoxibB. IndomethacinC. AspirinD. PhenylbutazoneE. Ibuprofen

160. It is known that many hormonesact through the adenylate cyclasesystem causing the enzyme activation by


phosphorylation. What enzyme is acti-vated by hormonal signals and catalyzesglycogen breakdown?

A. PhosphorylaseB. PhosphotransferaseC. GlucomutaseD. PhosphataseE. Tyrosinase

161. A patient has been diagnosed with ahaemorrhage in the region of the lateralsulcus of the brain. As a result, the bloodflow is disturbed in the following artery:

A. A. cerebri mediaB. A. communicans anteriorC. A. cerebri posteriorD. A. cerebri anteriorE. A. communicans posterior

162. After starting treatment forpulmonary tuberculosis a patient complai-ned about red tears and urine. What drugcould cause such changes?

A. RifampicinB. Benzylpenicillin sodium saltC. Benzylpenicillin potassium saltD. Biseptol-480E. Cefazolin

163. A patient has an inflammation inthe pterygopalatine fossa. The infectionhas spread into the nasal cavity. Whi-ch anatomical structure has the infectionspread through?

A. Foramen sphenopalatinumB. Foramen rotundumC. Canalis palatinus majorD. Canalis palatinus minorE. Canalis ptherygoideus

164. Phenylketonuria is a disease causedby a recessive gene that is localized in theautosome. The parents are heterozygousfor this gene. They already have two sonswith phenylketonuria and one healthydaughter. What is the probability thattheir fourth child will have the diseasetoo?

A. 25%B. 0%C. 50%D. 75%E. 100%

165. It has been revealed that intensephysical exercise causes activation ofgluconeogenesis in liver of experimantalrats. Which substance is glucose precursor

in this case?

A. PyruvateB. GlycogenC. PalmitateD. UreaE. Stearate

166. Histological examination of a tissuesample revealed that the tissue had noblood vessels, and the cells were packed ti-ghtly together making layers. Specify thistissue:

A. EpithelialB. CartilaginousC. OsseousD. NervousE. Muscular

167. A patient complains of an increasedsensitivity of the posterior third of histongue as well as of a gustatory di-sturbance in this region. What nerve isdamaged?

A. GlossopharyngealB. FacialC. TrigeminalD. AccessoryE. Hypoglossal

168. Histological study of a microslide ofhuman skin found only dense irregularconnective tissue. Which layer of thisorgan was analysed?

A. Reticular dermisB. Papillary dermisC. Subcutaneous adipose tissueD. EpidermisE. Basal layer of epidermis

169. After a thorough examination thepatient who had returned from CentralAsia to Ukraine was diagnosed withspring-summer encephalitis. Its pathogenmight have entered the body through thebite of the following arthropod:

A. Dog-louseB. Taiga tickC. Argasid tick (ornithodorus papillipes)D. Itch miteE. Mosquito

170. A patient has been preliminarily di-agnosed withf paragonimiasis. This di-sease is caused by lung flukes. The causati-ve agent entered into the patient’s bodythrough:


A. Eating half-cooked lobsters and crabsB. Eating unwashed vegetablesC. Contact with an infected catD. Eating half-cooked or dried fishE. Drinking raw water from open reservoi-rs

171. After examining the patient thedoctor recommended him to eliminaterich meat and vegetable broth, spices,smoked products from the diet, since thepatient was found to have:

A. Increased secretion of hydrochloric acidby the stomach glandsB. Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acidby the stomach glandsC. Reduced motility of the gastrointestinaltractD. Reduced salivationE. Biliary dyskinesia

172. A patient has symptoms ofatherosclerosis. What plasma lipidtransport forms should have an increasedconcentration?

A. LDLB. HDLC. IDLD. VLDLE. Chylomicrons

173. A patient with chronic heart fai-lure had been taking digitoxin for severalmonths, during digitalization the followi-ng symptoms developed: headache,nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, impai-red color vision, bradycardia. What anti-dote should be administered to reduce theintoxication symptoms?

A. UnithiolB. Atropine sulfateC. PrednisoloneD. Adrenalin hydrochlorideE. Naloxone

174. A patient presents with dysfunctionof shin muscles. He cannot raise his bodyby standing on tiptoe. Which muscle isaffected?

A. M. triceps suraeB. M. tibialis posteriorC. M. extensor digitorum longusD. M. flexor digitorum longusE. M. tibialis anterior

175. As a result of an injury a childdeveloped an abscess of adipose tissue ofcheek. With time the process spread to thelateral surface of pharynx. The pus spread

along the following fascia:

A. Bucco-pharyngealB. TemporalC. MasticatoryD. ParotidE. -

176. Mother of a 10-year-old boy wi-th purulent gingivitis consulted a denti-st about the possibility of gingivitistreatment with fluoroquinolone drugs.The doctor gave a negative answer explai-ning it by the fact that fluoroquinolones:

A. Damage the cartilage tissue in childrenB. Damage dentinC. Have cauterizing effect on the mucousmembranesD. Provoke loss of calcium from bones andteethE. Provoke gingival haemorrhage

177. Some proteins of saliva have aprotective function. Which of themprotects the oral mucosa from themechanical damage?

A. MucinB. LysozymeC. CatalaseD. PeroxidaseE. Renin

178. Following treatment with a highly-efficient anti-tuberculosis drug a 48-year-old female developed optic nerve neuri-tis, memory impairment, cramps. Whichof these anti-TB drugs had the patienttaken?

A. IsoniazidB. PASAC. RifampicinD. EthambutolE. Kanamycin sulfate

179. A 20-year-old male got his tonguepierced. 5 months later a dense palepink formation appeared in the zoneof puncture. Biopsy revealed growingconnective tissue with focal clusters of si-ngle polymorphonuclear neutrophils, fi-broblasts, foreign body cells, lymphocytesand plasmocytes. What kind of pathologi-cal process developed in the tongue ti-ssues?

A. Nonspecific productive inflammationB. Fibrinous exudative inflammationC. Purulent exudative inflammationD. Circulatory disturbanceE. Tumour


180. A patient with a severe maxillofaci-al trauma has been delivered to theemergency department. What drug shouldbe given this patient to relieve pain shock?

A. PromedolB. SydnocarbC. IbuprofenD. PantogamE. Mydocalm

181. When processing a molar tooth witha dental cutter the dentist has by accidentdeeply wounded the patient’s cheek anddamaged not only the mucosa but also amuscle. Which muscle was hurt?

A. Buccal muscleB. Greater zygomatic muscleC. Masticatory muscleD. Orbicular muscle of the mouthE. Mylohyoid muscle

182. Ionizing radiation or vitamin Edeficiency may increase the permeabi-lity of lysosome membranes. Whatconsequences may arise from thispathology?

A. Partial or complete cell disintegrationB. Intensive protein synthesisC. Intense energy synthesisD. Restoration of the cytoplasmicmembraneE. Formation of cleavage spindle

183. A patient with marked manifestati-ons of exsicosis died in the infectiousdisease hospital. Postmortem examinati-on results: the corpse with contractedmuscles, dry skin and mucous membranes,thick and dark blood in veins, edematousplethoric mucosa, distended bowel loops,the lumen contains about 4 liters of rice-water fluid. What is the most likely di-agnosis?

A. CholeraB. Enteric feverC. DysenteryD. Anthrax, intestinal formE. Yersiniosis

184. Treatment of a patient with heredi-tary form of immunodeficiency involvedgene therapy: the enzyme gene wasintroduced into the cells of the patient bymeans of a retrovirus. What property ofthe genetic code allows to use retrovirusesas vectors of functional genes?

A. UniversalityB. SpecificityC. CollinearityD. ContinuityE. Redundancy

185. Postmortem examination of a pati-ent with a long history of rheumatismrevealed thickening and shortening ofthe mitral valve leaflets with abundantthrombotic deposits. Histological exami-nation of the valve leaflets confirmedsclerosis and revealed multiple foci ofconnective tissue disorganization in formof mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, as wellas deendothelization foci. Endotheliumdefects were covered with thromboticdeposits of 1-2 mm. What type of valvularendocarditis is the case?

A. Recurrent verrucous endocarditisB. Acute verrucous endocarditisC. Fibroplastic endocarditisD. Diffuse valvulitisE. Polypous-ulcerative endocarditis

186. Following the tooth extraction foracute pulpitis complicated by purulentperiodontitis a patient developedosteomyelitis of mandible. 10 days laterthe patient died with symptoms of severeintoxication. Autopsy revealed a 2x2 cmlarge abscess of the right frontal lobeof brain, bilateral abscessed pneumonia,myeloid hyperplasia of spleen. What isthe most likely diagnosis?

A. PyosepticemiaB. SepticemiaC. ChroniosepsisD. Secondary septic endocarditisE. -

187. A 4-year-old girl died suddenly withsymptoms of asphyxia. Autopsy revealedwhite spots on the buccal mucosa; largeblotches of rash on the skin of face, trunkand extremities; conjunctivitis, edemawith foci of necrosis on the laryngealmucosa; giant-cell pneumonia on mi-croscopy. What is the most likely di-agnosis?

A. MeaslesB. Scarlet feverC. InfluenzaD. Meningococcal infectionE. Typhus

188. A 69-year-old patient got a smallplaque with subsequent ulceration on theskin of the lower eyelid. The formationwas removed. Microscopic examination


of dermis revealed complexes of atypicalepitelial cells arranged perpendicularly tothe basal membrane on the periphery.The cells were dark, of polygonal pri-smatic shape with hyperchromic nuclei wi-th frequent mitoses. What is the histologi-cal form of carcinoma in this patient?

A. Basal cell carcinomaB. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaC. Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carci-nomaD. AdenocarcinomaE. Undifferentiated

189. A 65-year-old patient had beentreated for 3 days in the resuscitationunit for a cardiac pathology. Suddenlyhe developed ventricular fibrillation whi-ch turned out to be the immediate causeof death. Microscopy of the left ventri-cular myocard revealed a large focus ofcardiomyocyte karyolysis demarcated bythe zone of hyperaemia. What cardiacpathology was the cause of death?

A. Acute myocardial infarctionB. Ischemic myocardial degenerationC. Acute myocarditisD. Diffuse cardiosclerosisE. Postinfarction cardiosclerosis

190. Anatomical dead space is the part ofair that remains in the airways after theexpiration. Anatomical dead space will bereduced in the following situation:

A. TracheostomyB. Patient’s head is flexed forwardC. Lying patient is turned to his left sideD. Lying patient is turned to his right sideE. Breathing through the mouth

191. Microscopy of dental plaque revealedunicellular organisms. Their cytoplasmhad two distinct layers, barely visible core,wide pseudopodia. The patient is most li-kely to have:

A. Entamoeba gingivalisB. LambliaC. Trichomonas tenaxD. Entamoeba histolyticaE. Entamoeba coli

192. A patient visited a dentist for acutedental pain in the lower left canine. Hewas diagnosed with pulpitis. What nerveinnervates this tooth?

A. Inferior alveolarB. Superior alveolarC. PalatalD. ZygomaticE. Facial

193. After a severe stress a patient wasfound to have eosinopenia. A decreasein the eosinophil number can be explai-ned by the changed concentration of thefollowing hormones:

A. GlucocorticoidsB. AdrenalineC. InsulinD. MineralocorticoidsE. Vasopressin

194. In the dental practice, the vitality oftooth tissues is estimated by electric pulptest. What parameter is assessed?

A. Threshold stimulus intensityB. ChronaxieC. Productive timeD. AccommodationE. Lability

195. Platelet adhesion at the site ofvascular injury is of great importance forthe mechanisms of primary hemostasis.Which factor plays a major part in thisprocess?

A. Willebrand’sB. Fitzgerald’sC. Fletcher’sD. Hageman’sE. Rosenthal’s

196. Before an exam a student complainedof acute dental pain which grew less duri-ng the exam. What inhibition caused thepain abatement?

A. ExternalB. ProtectiveC. DecliningD. DifferentiatingE. Delayed

197. Continuous treatment of cancer pati-ents with methotrexate over time reducesthe target cell’s sensitivity to the drug. Inthis case gene amplification of the followi-ng enzyme is observed:

A. Dihydrofolate reductaseB. ThiaminaseC. DeaminaseD. Thioredoxin reductaseThioredoxin reductaseE. -


198. Analysis of biopsy material of uri-nary bladder mucosa revealed a tumourof epithelial origin. What kind of epitheli-um was the source of this tumour?

A. Stratified transitionalB. Stratified squamous nonkeratinizingC. Simple squamousD. Multinucleated ciliatedE. Simple cubical

199. A patient with diabetes mellitusdeveloped ketoacidotic coma due to theacid-base disturbance. What type of di-sorder had arisen in this case?

A. Metabolic acidosisB. Exogenous acidosisC. Respiratory acidosisD. Gaseous alkalosisE. Nongaseous alkalosis

200. As a result of a rapid change fromhorizontal to vertical body position a 16-year-old girl lost consciousness. What isthe reason for it?

A. Decreased venous returnB. Increased venous returnC. Heart rate decreaseD. Arterial pressure riseE. -

Health & Medicine

Krok 1 - 2013 Question Paper (Stomatology)