1. Dr. Carlos Chavez Medicina Critica Tec Salud HSJ / UMAE 21 2.
La incapacidad del sistema respiratorio para mantener un adecuado
intercambio gaseoso. PO 2 arterial menor de 60 mm Hg o P CO 2
superior a 50 mm Hg en general 3. Hipoxica Hipercapnica 4. HYPOXIC
VERSUS HYPERCAPNIC-HYPOXIC ARF Causes of Hypoxic ARF Acute lung
injury/ARDS Pneumonia Pulmonary thromboembolism Acute lobar
atelectasis Cardiogenic pulmonary edema Lung contusion Acute
collagen vascular disease (Goodpasture's syndrome, systemic lupus
erythematosus) Causes of Hypercapnic-Hypoxic ARF Pulmonary disease
COPD Asthma: advanced, acute, severe asthma Drugs causing
respiratory depression Neuromuscular Guillain-Barr syndrome Acute
myasthenia gravis Spinal cord tumors Metabolic derangements causing
weakness (including hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia)
Musculoskeletal Kyphoscoliosis Ankylosing spondylitis Obesity
hypoventilation syndrome (often with additional acute, superimposed
abnormality as cause of ARF) 5. Disminucin de la presin parcial
inspirada de O2 Hipoventilacin Trastornos en la ventilacin-perfusin
Cortocircuitos Difusin anormal de O2 de los alvolos a la sangre
capilar. 6. ETIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF HYPOXEMIA Normal P(A-a) O 2 * P
IO 2 High altitude; inadvertent administration of low F IO 2 gas
mixture Hypoventilation Increased P(A-a) O 2 *
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch Airway disease Vascular disease,
including pulmonary thromboembolism Shunt Acute lung injury/ARDS
Pneumonia Parenchymal lung disease Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Pulmonary infarction Diffusion limitation 7. Respiratory (Lungs and
Thorax) Airway/airflow obstruction COPD Asthma Pulmonary parenchyma
Pneumonia Acute lung injury/ARDS Acute flare of chronic collagen
vascular disease (e.g., Goodpasture's syndrome, systemic lupus
erythematosus) Central Nervous System Respiratory depression
Increased sedatives, tranquilizers with respiratory effect;
opiates; alcohol Brain stem and spinal cord involvement Tumors,
trauma, vascular accidents Neuromuscular Guillain-Barr syndrome
Myasthenia gravis Cardiovascular Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Pulmonary thromboembolism Renal/Endocrine Volume overload Metabolic
abnormalities 8. Disnea y taquipnea Fatiga Deterioro de la funcin
neurolgica 9. La historia clnica y el examen fsico Alteraciones
fisiolgicas Trastornos de gases en sangre arterial Hallazgos
radiolgicos de trax Cuando el grado de hipoxemia es peligrosa para
la vida, las decisiones teraputicas deben realizarse rpidamente,
incluso si los datos son limitados. 10. HYPOXEMIA HYPERCAPNIA
Tachycardia Somnolence Tachypnea Lethargy Anxiety Restlessness
Diaphoresis Tremor Altered mental status Slurred speech Confusion
Headache Cyanosis Asterixis Hypertension Papilledema Hypotension
Coma Bradycardia Diaphoresis Seizures Coma Lactic acidosis * 11.
Normal Alveolar Opacidades 12. Biometra hemtica Bioqumica completa
Gases arteriales Otros exmenes especficos
