Health planning and Management

Dr.Sahithyaa Assistant Professor

Dept. of Community Medicine

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Health planning and Management

• Planning is for tomorrow and management is for today.

- match limited resources but many problems. - eliminate waste and duplication. - develop best course of action.

• Planning needed since health care cost is up.

• Essential for higher standard of health.

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Planning• 3 steps• A) Plan formulation.• B) Execution.• C) Evaluation.

• Team work and consultation involves inter-sectoral coordination.

• National development via sectoral planning

• Continuous, systematic, co-ordinated

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Health planning

• Part of nation development.

• Orderly process of defining community health problems.

• Identifying unmet needs.

• Surveying resources.

• Establishing priority goals and projecting feasible administrative action.

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Health needs, Demands and Resources

• Deficiencies in health that calls for preventive, curative , control or eradication measures.

• People perceive needs which experts do not identify.

• Manpower, money, materials , skills, knowledge etc.

• Wastage of resources if there is poor planning.

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Objectives, Targets and Goals.• An objective is precise- achieved or not, • and is the planned end point of all activities.

• A target is discrete activity – number of anything.

• Target concerns with factors in a problem while objective deals with problem directly.

• Goal is ultimate state towards which objectives and resources are directed.

• Goal is not constrained by time, nor necessarily attainable.

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Prevention• Over – ambitions hopes of eradication in short time

usually fails.

• Change will be slow.

• Legal approach: legislation,ban and restriction at various levels.

• Prohibition of ads, sale to minors, in public places

• Use of health warnings on packs.

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Plan• Blue print for taking action.

• Programme: sequence of activities designed to implement policies and accomplish objectives.

• Schedule: time sequence for work to be done.

• Procedures: set of rules for carrying work.

• Policies: Guiding principles, stated as an expectation, not a commandment.

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Pre-planning

• Government interest.• Legislation• Organization for planning.• Administrative capacity.

• Planning cycle: planning involves succession of steps.

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Planning cycle• Analysis of Health situation:• - collection, assessment and interpretation of

information.

• Data needed such as,• The population, its age and sex structure.

• Statistics of morbidity and mortality.

• Knowledge, attitude and practice of people

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Establishment , assessment and priorities. • Objectives are essential.

• They are broad at upper level but get more specified at lower levels.

• Objectives are short term and long term.

• Balance is needed for resource allocation.

• Priorities need to be established and then alternate plans should be formulated.

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Plan, Programming and Implementation

• Prepare detailed plans with inputs and outputs.

• Plan with working guidance and built in evaluation.

• Implementation considerations• - definition of roles and tasks.• - selection, training, motivation and

supervision.• - organization and communication• - efficiency

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Monitoring and Evaluation• Day to day follow up of activities.

• Continuous process of observing, recording and reporting.

• Keeping track of activities and identifying deviation.

• Evaluation is concerned with final outcome.

• Measures the degree to which objectives, targets and quality are fulfilled.

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Management• Highly confusing.. term

• The purposeful and effective use of resources for fulfilling predetermined objectives.

• 4 basic activities• - Planning• - Organizing• - Communicating• - Monitoring• • Who emphasizes modern management techniques.

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Management methods and techniquesBased on behavioural science• Organizational design: Must meet demands of the

people, reviewed every few years.

• Personnel Management: Skill full use of human resources. Like incentives, promotions, teams etc.

• Communication: Effective functioning of organisation. Blocks exist at various levels.

• Information systems: Collection, classification, transmission, storage etc.

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Management methods and techniques• Quantitative Methods:• Cost-Benefit analysis: economic benefits are

compared with cost of the programme.• - Benefits are expressed in monetary terms.• - Scope limited

• Cost effective analysis: benefits are expressed in terms of results achieved.

• Cost-accounting: cost structure of every activity accounted. 3 important purpose- cost control, planning, pricing of reimbursement.

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Management methods and techniques

• Input-Output analysis: Input is resources and output is outcome.

• How much input for a unit change in output.

• Model and systems analysis:• Model is basic concept in management.• It is an abstraction of reality.

• Systems analysis: helps to find the const effective alternative

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Management methods and techniques• Network analysis: Graphic plan of all events and

activities.

• PERT: Programme evaluation and review technique.• -involves arrow diagram• - it furnishes continuous, timely progress reports.

• Critical Path Method:• Longest path of any network

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Management methods and techniques• Planning – Programming Budgeting system: helps to

allocate resource.

• Work sampling: Systematic observation and recording of activities at predetermined or random intervals.

• Decision Making:

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• Thank you