HEALTH EFFECTS OF DIETARY SODIUM

J.A.C.M.JAYAKODY

Na is a mineral A kind of salt Very essential

Body can’t manufacture Should provide from out side Most common form is sodium chloride

SODIUM

Sodium chloride is the common source. Some of others are

Monosodium glutamate Sodium nitrate Sodium saccharin Sodium bicarbonate Sodium benzoate

SOURCES OF SODIUM

Through out five basic taste only NaCl leads to unique saltiness.

Sodium level According to early experiences Enhance the natural flavor Vary with the type of food

Taste and sensory

Preserve foods Inducing dehydration Reduce microbial growth

Bacteria resistant highly. Halopilic bacteria• listeria monocytogenes• Staphylococcus aureus• Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Preservation and safety

Control the fermentation bread dough - yeast pickling

Texture aid bread dough - strength gluten - hold more water and CO2 pickling - draw moisture out - increase crispiness and firmness

Stabilize the egg white

OTHER EFFECTS

sodium sources in the diet Heat resistant 1 teaspoon 2,300mg of sodium

DIETARY SODIUM

Adequate intakes (mg/day)

Tolerable upper intakes (mg/day)

Infants

0-6 months 120 Not determine

7-12 months 370 Not determine

Children

1-3 years 1000 1500

4-8 years 1200 1900

Male/female

9-50 years 1500 2300

50-70 years 1300 2300

>70 years 1200 2300

Sodium requirements

A vital component of all fluids- blood and sweat

Important role in Maintaining water balance within cells Function of nerve impulses and muscles Enzyme operation

HEALTH EFFECTS OF DIETARY SODIUM

High blood pressure 120/80 - normal level 140/90 or above – hypertension

HYPERTENTION

Primary Secondary

No identifiable cause Caused by an underlying conditions

Develop gradually over many years

Appear suddenly

Reasons Higher sodium intake Inadequate intake of K, Ca and MgHigher alcohol consumptionExcess body weight

Controlling Diet rich with fruits and vegetablesReduce dietary fat consumption Physical activities

Renal diseases – can’t eliminate excess Na and fluid from body

Reduce function of kidneys Hypertension affects on kidneys Control by

Control blood pressureControl thirst and fluid in take

EFFECTS ON KIDNEYS

Level of sodium abnormally low Due to imbalance of water and sodium Symptoms

Headache, nausea, vomiting Critical- seizure coma or death Controlling

Monitoring urine color

HYPONATREMIA

Four groups Industries

alternatives for preservatives Low sodium foods

Government Rules for sodium levelAdvertising

SODIUM REDUCTION

Individuals more fresh foods Make foods our own Require low sodium foods